Ese umubiri wawe ubura ogisijeni? Reka twige ku bijyanye no kubura umwuka uhagije.

Ese rimwe na rimwe wumva unaniwe guhumeka, uzumva umeze nk'ufite ikibazo cyo kurota cyangwa utazi aho uhagaze? Ibi bishobora guterwa no kubura umwuka uhagije, aho ingingo z'umubiri wawe zitabona umwuka uhagije wa ogisijeni. Kubera ko ibi bishobora kuba bikomeye gato, reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye kandi bworoshye kumva. Ntugatinye, icy'ingenzi ni ukuba maso.

Hypoxie ni iki? Mu magambo make...

Reka tubanze dusobanukirwe icyo hypoxia ari cyo. Mu magambo make, ni igihe ingingo z'umubiri wawe zitabona ogisijeni ihagije. Iyo duhumeka, ogisijeni ijya mu bihaha. Kuva aho, yinjizwa mu maraso binyuze mu dusako duto tw'umwuka mu bihaha (twitwa alveoli) no mu mitsi mito cyane y'amaraso (itwa capillaries) inyura hafi aho. Aya maraso akungahaye kuri ogisijeni anyura mu mubiri wose akageza ogisijeni ku zindi ngingo.

Ushobora gutekereza ogisijeni nk'abagenzi miliyari bagera ku kibuga cy'indege (ni ukuvuga ibihaha byawe). Bakurwa aho ngaho bakajyanwa mu muhanda munini (ni ukuvuga amaraso yawe) bakagera aho bajya (ni ukuvuga ingingo z'umubiri wawe). Iyo ogisijeni igeze ahantu hakwiye, iha undi mugenzi , ogisijeni karubone . Iyi ogisijeni karubone ni imyanda. Isubira mu bihaha byawe ikava mu mubiri wawe iyo uhumeka umwuka.

Rero, niba utabonye ogisijeni ihagije ahantu runaka mu nzira, hypoxia ishobora kubaho. Ibi bisaba umwuka utembera neza ndetse n'amaraso atembera neza . Niyo mpamvu abantu barwaye indwara z'ibihaha n'umutima baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara hypoxia. Umuntu urwaye hypoxia twita "hypoxia".

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya Hypoxia na Hypoxemia?

Ushobora kuba warumvise aya magambo abiri - hypoxia na hypoxemia - akoreshwa mu buryo bumwe. Ariko ntabwo ari amwe mu by'ukuri. Amazina arasa, bishobora gutera urujijo, kuko indwara zombi ziterwa no kubura umwuka wa ogisijeni, ariko mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri.

• Hypoxia ni ukugabanuka kwa ogisijeni mu ngingo z'umubiri wawe .
• Hypoxemia ni ukugabanuka kwa ogisijeni mu maraso yawe .

Kubura umwuka uhagije (hypoxia) akenshi bibaho bitewe no kubura umwuka uhagije (hypoxemia), ariko si ko buri gihe bibaho. Umuntu ashobora kuba afite umwuka uhagije (hypoxia) adafunze neza (hypoxemia), kandi ibi bikabaho mu buryo bunyuranye. Urabyumva?

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara hypoxia?

Indwara iyo ari yo yose igabanya ingano ya ogisijeni mu maraso yawe, cyangwa ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose kibuza amaraso gutembera neza, ishobora gutera kubura umwuka uhagije. By'umwihariko,

• COPD (Indwara y'ibihaha idakira)
• Emphysema
• Asima

Abantu bafite indwara y'umutima cyangwa ibihaha bafite ibyago byinshi byo kubura umwuka uhagije wo mu mubiri.

Nanone, zimwe mu ndwara nka pneumonia, grippe, na COVID-19 zishobora kongera iyi ndwara.

Ni izihe ngaruka n'ibimenyetso by'ibura ry'amaraso mu mubiri (hypoxia)?

Ogisijeni ni ingenzi kugira ngo uturemangingo tw’umubiri wacu dukore ingufu kandi kugira ngo ingingo zacu n’ingingo zacu bikora neza. Nubwo zimwe mu ngingo zishobora kwimenyereza kugabanuka kw’igihe gito k’umusemburo wa ogisijeni, kubura ogisijeni igihe kirekire bishobora kwangiza ingingo. Kwangirika k’ubwonko n’umutima by’umwihariko ni akaga ndetse bishobora no gutuma umuntu apfa. Ibi tubyita kubura ogisijeni mu bwonko kubura ogisijeni mu bwonko kugabanuka k’ubwonko ku rugero runaka .

Ibimenyetso bya hypoxia bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye. Biterwa n'uburemere bw'indwara, impamvu nyamukuru, n'ibice by'umubiri byagizweho ingaruka. Iyo urugero rwa ogisijeni mu mubiri wawe rugabanutse, ushobora kumva udashobora guhumeka cyangwa gutekereza.

Dore bimwe mu bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara by’indwara yo kubura umwuka uhagije:

• Imyitwarire idatuje kandi idatuje.
• Umutwe.
• Urujijo mu mutwe, kudashobora gushyira ibintu ku murongo.
• Ubwoba n'imihangayiko bihoraho.
• Umutima utera vuba cyane (abaganga babyita tachycardia).
• Guhumeka vuba (ibi byitwa tachypnea).
• Kugorwa no guhumeka cyangwa kubura umwuka (ibi byitwa dyspnea).

Uko hypoxia irushaho gukomera, hari ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragara:

• Umutima utera buhoro buhoro (bradycardia).
• Gushyuha gukabije.
• Ibara ry'ubururu ry'uruhu, iminwa n'inzara (ryitwa cyanosis). Iki ni ikimenyetso kibi cyane.

Icy'ingenzi: Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu uzi afite ibi bimenyetso, ni ngombwa cyane gushaka inama kwa muganga byihutirwa.

Ni izihe mpamvu nyamukuru zitera hypoxia?

Kubura umwuka uhagije (hypoxia) akenshi biterwa n'indwara isanzwe igira ingaruka ku mitemberere y'amaraso cyangwa guhumeka. Zimwe mu ndwara zishobora gutera kubura umwuka uhagije zirimo:

• Anemia - kubura amaraso mu mubiri.
• Asima.
• Bronchite - Kubyimba kw'imiyoboro y'impumuro.
• COPD (Indwara y'ibihaha idakira) - Indwara y'ibihaha imara igihe kirekire.
• Ubusembwa bw'umutima wavukanye.
• Zimwe mu ndwara z’umutima unanirwa (Congestive heart failure).
• Emphysema - kwangirika kw'udufuka tw'umwuka mu bihaha.
• Umusonga - Ushobora guterwa na bagiteri cyangwa virusi.
• Umwuka wuzura ahantu hakikije ibihaha cyangwa kugwa kw'ibihaha (Pneumothorax).
• Kubyimba kw'ibihaha.
• Kuziba kw'imitsi y'ibihaha.
• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso mu bihaha.
• Indwara y'ibihaha - inkovu mu bihaha.
• Kubura umwuka wo gusinzira.

Uru rutonde ntirugutere ubwoba. Si buri wese ufite kimwe muri ibi uzarwara indwara yo kubura umwuka uhagije, ariko ibyago birahari.

Hari ubwoko bune bw'ingenzi bwa hypoxia:

Kugira ngo uturemangingo two mu ngingo zacu twakire ogisijeni neza, hari ibintu byinshi bigomba kuba byiza:

1. Umwuka duhumeka ugomba kuba urimo ogisijeni ihagije.

2. Imikorere myiza y'ibihaha ni ngombwa kugira ngo umwuka uhumeke mu dusakoshi tw'umwuka (`alveoli`).

3. Ukeneye umutima mwiza n'imiyoboro y'amaraso kugira ngo ujyane amaraso akungahaye kuri ogisijeni mu ngingo.

4. Hagomba kuba hari uturemangingo dutukura duhagije kugira ngo dutware ogisijeni.

5. Uturemangingo mu turemangingo tugomba kuba dufite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ogisijeni.

Kubura umwuka wa ogisijeni muri kimwe muri ibi bice bishobora gutera kimwe mu bwoko bune bwa hypoxia.

1. Kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe mu mubiri (Hypoxia)

Ubu ni bwo bwoko bukunze kugaragara bwa hypoxia . Ibi bibaho iyo umwuka wa ogisijeni ugabanutse mu maraso (witwa hypoxemia). Iyi ndwara ishobora guterwa n'indwara z'ibihaha n'umutima, ubusembwa bw'umutima wavukanye, hamwe n'imiti imwe n'imwe igabanya guhumeka. Nanone, iyo ugiye ahantu hirengeye nka Nuwara Eliya, urugero rwa ogisijeni mu kirere ruba ruri hasi, bishobora gutera hypoxemia, bishobora gutera hypoxemia.

2. Kugabanuka k'amaraso mu mubiri (Hypoxia)

Ibi kandi byitwa hypoxia idakora cyangwa ishekisme hypoxia. Ikibaho hano ni uko amaraso yawe ashobora kuba afite ogisijeni nyinshi, ariko niba umutima wawe udatera amaraso neza, cyangwa niba umuyoboro w'amaraso wafunzwe ahantu runaka, ogisijeni ntabwo igera mu ngingo zawe. Kunanirwa k'umutima no kuziba kw'amaraso byongera ibyago byo kurwara ubwo bwoko bwa hypoxia.

3. Kubura amaraso menshi mu mubiri (Anemic Hypoxia)

Noneho, hari abantu bavuga ko bafite umuvuduko muke w'amaraso, sibyo? Ibyo bivuze ko badafite uturemangingo dutukura duhagije. Utwo turemangingo dutukura ni two dutwara umwuka uvuye mu bihaha tujya mu mubiri wose. Rero, niba udafite uturemangingo dutukura duhagije two gutwara umwuka utukura, ni ukuvuga niba ufite amaraso make, ubwo bwoko bwa hypoxia burabaho. Iyo umubiri udakora uturemangingo dutukura duhagije, cyangwa niba uturemangingo dutukura twakozwe twangiritse, amaraso make ashobora kubaho.

4. Hypoxia iterwa n'uburozi bw'izuba

Ibi biratandukanye gato. Aha ngaha, ibihaha byawe birimo kubona ogisijeni ihagije, kandi amaraso yawe arimo kuyibona. Ariko kubera impamvu runaka, uturemangingo two mu ngingo ntidushobora gukoresha ogisijeni neza. Ibi bisa n'ibishobora kubaho iyo unyoye uburozi nka cyanide. Nubwo uturemangingo turimo kubona ogisijeni, ntidushobora kuyikoresha.

Ni gute umuntu apimwa indwara ya hypoxia?

Muganga wawe azabanza kugusuzuma, atege amatwi umutima wawe n'ibihaha byawe. Ashobora kandi kugenzura uruhu rwawe, inzara, n'iminwa yawe niba nta bururu burimo. Byongeye kandi, bashobora gutegeka ibindi bipimo kugira ngo barebe urugero rwa ogisijeni mu mubiri wawe no kumenya impamvu nyamukuru itera kubura umwuka uhagije:

• Pulse Oximetry: Iki ni ikizamini cyoroshye cyane kandi kidatera ububabare. Akamashini gato gafata ku rutoki rwawe. Gapima ingano ya ogisijeni mu maraso yawe. Birashoboka ko wabibonye inshuro nyinshi.
• Ikizamini cy'umwuka mu maraso (ABG): Ibi bikubiyemo gufata amaraso make mu mitsi iri mu kuboko kwawe, ku kuboko, cyangwa mu kibuno ukoresheje urushinge ruto kugira ngo urebe urugero rwa ogisijeni mu mubiri wawe.
• Ikizamini cy'imikorere y'ibihaha (PFT): Ibi bikubiyemo guhumeka no gusohora ukoresheje akantu ko mu kanwa gahujwe n'imashini. Bipima uburyo ibihaha byawe bikora neza.
• Ibizamini byo gupima: Ibizamini nka X-rays, CT scans, na V/Q scans bifotora ingingo z'imbere. Ibi bishobora gufasha kumenya icyateye kubura umwuka mu mubiri.
• Ikizamini cyo kugenda n'amaguru cy'iminota itandatu (6MWT): Iki kizamini gipima uburebure ushobora gutemberamo ahantu hagari mu gihe cy'iminota itandatu. Iki kizamini gishobora kuguha ishusho y'imikorere y'ibihaha byawe n'umutima.

Ni gute indwara yo kubura umwuka uhagije (hypoxie) ivurwa?

Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara yo kubura umwuka bitewe n'impamvu nyamukuru . Bishobora kuba indwara itunguranye cyangwa indwara idakira. Uburyo bwo kuvura burimo:

• Imiti ifungura inzira z'ubuhumekero, nka steroidi zihumekwa, kugira ngo ivure asima cyangwa izindi ndwara z'ibihaha.
• Imiti igabanya amazi menshi mu bihaha (yitwa "Diuretics").
• Gukoresha agapfukamunwa ka CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) mu kuvura indwara yo guhumeka mu gihe cyo gusinzira.
• Ikoreshwa rya BiPAP® (BiLevel Positive Airway Pressure) (rizwi cyane ku izina rya BiPAP®) mu kuvura COPD ndetse no mu ndwara zimwe na zimwe zo guhumeka mu gihe cyo gusinzira.
• Ogisijeni y'inyongera ku ndwara yo kubura umwuka uhagije mu mubiri (hypoxie) igihe kirekire. Ibi bikubiyemo gushyira imashini ya ogisijeni mu mazuru yawe, haba binyuze mu gapfukamunwa cyangwa mu muyoboro, kugira ngo wongere ingano ya ogisijeni igera mu bihaha byawe no mu dusaho tw'umwuka (alveoli).
• Mu gihe habayeho ikibazo gikomeye cyo kubura umwuka, guhumeka hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga bishobora gukorerwa mu bitaro.

Nigute nakwitwara mu gihe ibimenyetso bya hypoxia bitangiye kugabanuka?

Niba wumva udahagaze neza mu birenge byawe, umutima wawe utera cyane cyangwa uhumeka vuba, cyangwa inzara zawe, iminwa yawe, cyangwa uruhu rwawe rugasa n'ubururu, ugomba guhita ugana kwa muganga . Uzi iki? Hypoxia ni indwara igomba kuvurwa vuba. Bitabaye ibyo, rimwe na rimwe ishobora kwangiza ingingo z'ingenzi mu mubiri wacu.

Mu bihe by'igihe kirekire nka COPD, iyi hypoxia ishobora gukomeza, ariko ibimenyetso bishobora kuba bitari bikomeye cyane. Muri ibyo bihe, muganga wawe azakubwira uburyo bwo kwifata no kugabanya ibyago byo kugabanuka k'umwuka wa ogisijeni. Ntukigere wirengagiza ibimenyetso bishya. Niba ubonye ikindi kintu gitandukanye, bwira muganga wawe.

Ni gute wagabanya ibyago byo kubura umwuka uhagije (hypoxia)?

Uburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya ibyago byo kubura umwuka uhagije ni ugufata neza indwara iyo ari yo yose ishobora kugabanya urugero rw'umwuka uhumeka. Niba ufite indwara y'umutima cyangwa ibihaha, ganira na muganga wawe ku buryo bwihariye bwo kugabanya ibyago byo kubura umwuka uhumeka.

Ibuka ko imiti imwe n'imwe n'imwe nko kujya mu misozi miremire bishobora kongera ibyago byo kubura umwuka uhagije. Baza muganga wawe ingamba zidasanzwe ugomba gufata mu rugendo cyangwa mu guhindura imiti.

Ni gute nabaho muri iki kibazo?

Ubusanzwe indwara yo kubura umwuka mwinshi (hypoxia) isaba ubuvuzi bwihuse. Muganga wawe azagusobanurira impamvu nyamukuru n'uko wayikemura mu gihe kiri imbere.

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, kubura umwuka uhagije (hypoxia) birashira iyo ikibazo cyavuwe, bigatuma hatabaho gukenera umwuka w’inyongera. Ariko, mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, umwuka w’inyongera uhoraho ushobora gukenerwa kugira ngo hirindwe kubura umwuka uhagije no gukumira kwangirika kw’imitsi bitewe n’urugero ruto rw’umwuka uhumura. Muganga wawe azakubwira amahitamo akubereye.

Nitwara nte?

Niba ufite ikibazo cy’uburwayi cyihishe inyuma cyateye cyangwa gishobora gutera kubura umwuka uhagije, guhangana n’icyo kibazo ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kugabanya ibyago byo kongera kubaho.

• Ntukirengagize ibimenyetso bishya. Niba wumva hari ikibazo, izere ibitekerezo byawe maze urebe muganga wawe cyangwa ujye mu ishami rishinzwe ubutabazi bwihuse (ETU) .
• Wirinde. Niba urwaye asima, menya neza impamvu ikutera. Buri gihe witwaze agakoresho ko guhumeka, niba muganga yagutegetse. Kora imyitozo ngororamubiri yo guhumeka nk'uko muganga yabigutegetse.
• Irinde kunywa itabi no gukoresha ibikomoka ku itabi.Iyo unywa itabi, kurireka bishobora kunoza imikorere y'ibihaha byawe no gukumira kwangirika kurushaho.
• Fata umuti uwo ari wo wose muganga wawe yakwandikiye neza.
• Niba ugiye mu misozi miremire, fata gahunda. Ndetse n'abantu badafite indwara zishingiye ku buzima bashobora kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka ahantu hari imisozi miremire. Sobanukirwa uburyo ibi bizakugiraho ingaruka kandi ufate gahunda yo kumenyera impinduka. Tekereza kandi icyo wakora niba ukeneye inama z'abaganga. Ihe umwanya uhagije wo kumenyera, nibiba ngombwa, kandi uzane ibikoresho cyangwa imiti y'inyongera ushobora gukenera.

Ni ryari nkwiye kujya mu ishami rishinzwe ubutabazi bwihutirwa (ETU) ?

Hypoxia ni indwara ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya hypoxia, cyangwa abandi babonye impinduka zitunguranye mu myitwarire yawe cyangwa mu bwenge bwawe (urujijo, guhungabana, guhindura ubwenge), jya ku Kigo cyita ku Butabazi bw'Indwara (ETU) vuba. Niba ufite ikibazo cy'uburwayi kandi ibimenyetso byawe bisanzwe bikarushaho kwiyongera mu buryo butunguranye, cyangwa niba ugaragaje ibimenyetso bishya ukeka ko bishobora kuba hypoxia, jya ku Kigo cyita ku Butabazi bw'Indwara.

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

Niba wowe cyangwa uwo ukunda arwaye indwara yo kubura umwuka uhagije (hypoxia), dore ibibazo bimwe na bimwe ugomba kubaza muganga wawe:

• Muganga, ese iyi ndwara yo kubura umwuka mwinshi iterwa n'izindi ndwara zisanzwe?
• Ni gute nakwitwara mu gihe mfite ikibazo kugira ngo gabanyirize ibyago byo kubura umwuka uhagije?
• Ese ibi byangije ingingo zanjye, cyangwa hari izindi ngorane zabayeho?
• Ese ngomba guhindura imibereho yanjye kugira ngo ngire ibyago byo kubura umwuka uhagije?
• Guhindura gahunda z'ingendo zanjye cyangwa imiti bishobora kongera ibyago byanjye byo kubura umwuka uhagije wo mu bwonko?

Amaherezo, ibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Hypoxia ni indwara ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga, ariko ishobora kuvurwa vuba na bwangu. Niba ufite ikibazo cy'umutima cyangwa ibihaha kigushyira mu kaga ko kubura umwuka uhagije, ganira na muganga wawe ku bimenyetso ugomba kwitaho n'icyo wakora niba ubona ko umwuka wa ogisijeni uri hasi.

Wibuke ko uzi umubiri wawe neza. Niba rero ufite ibimenyetso biguhangayikishije, ntutindiganye guhamagara muganga wawe ako kanya cyangwa ujye mu ishami rishinzwe ubutabazi bwihuse (ETU) . Komeza ugire ubuzima bwiza!

Hypoxia , ogisijeni, guhumeka bigoranye, indwara z'ibihaha, indwara z'umutima, ibimenyetso, uburyo bwo kuvura