Ese muganga wawe yaba yaragutegetse ko ukorerwa isuzuma rya biopsy cyangwa undi muntu uzi? Isuzuma rya biopsy ni igihe agace gato k'umubiri kavanywe mu kibyimba kiri mu mubiri wawe kagasuzumwa. Rero, ushobora kuba wibaza icyo gikorerwa kuri ako gace gato k'umubiri muri laboratwari. Uyu munsi, tugiye kuvuga ku isuzuma ry'ingenzi cyane rikoreshwa mu buvuzi muri iki gihe. Ryitwa immunohistochemistry , cyangwa IHC mu magambo ahinnye mu baganga.
IHC ni iki mu buryo bworoshye?
Muri make, IHC ni ikizamini cyihariye cya laboratwari gikoreshwa n'abaganga b'indwara, abaganga bazobereye mu gupima indwara, kugira ngo barebe ibimenyetso by'indwara mu gipimo cy'ingingo.
Nubwo iri zina rishobora gusa nkaho ari rirerure gato, icyo risobanura biroroshye cyane kumva iyo rigabanyijemo amagambo make.
- Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri: Ibi bifitanye isano n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu. Urabizi, iyo tubonye ibintu by'amahanga (virusi, bagiteri, nibindi) cyangwa ibintu by'amahanga nk'uturemangingo twa kanseri, ubudahangarwa bwacu burabimenya. Ibyo bintu by'amahanga tubyita antigens . Bityo, umubiri wacu ukora ubwoko bwihariye bwa poroteyine kugira ngo ufate kandi usenye izi antigens. Zitwa antibodys . Nk'uko urufunguzo rufungura ingufuri, hari antibody yihariye ihura na buri antigen. Mu ikizamini cya IHC, izi antibodys, zikorwa muri laboratwari, zikoreshwa mu gushaka antigens zijyanye n'indwara mu gipimo cy'ingingo.
- Histo: Ibi bivuga ingingo . Ibi bivuze ko iki kizamini gikorerwa ku gice cy'ingingo cyakuwe mu mubiri wawe.
- Ubutabire: Ibi bivuze kwiga ibintu bito bihagije ku buryo bishobora kubonwa gusa hakoreshejwe mikorosikopi, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa chimique.
Hanyuma, ibi byose hamwe, IHC ni uburyo bwo kumenya indwara hakoreshejwe igitekerezo cy’uturemangingo tw’umubiri mu budahangarwa bwacu, twongeramo ikintu kimeze nk’irangi ku duce twanduza indwara (antigens) mu gipimo cy’ingirabuzimafatizo, hanyuma tukabireba dukoresheje mikorosikopi.
Ikizamini cya IHC gikorwa ryari?
Gupima IHC bikoreshwa mu bintu byinshi muri iki gihe. Amakuru atanga ashobora gufasha cyane muganga wawe mu guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.
| Imiterere y'ikoreshwa | Ibisobanuro byoroshye |
|---|---|
| Gusuzuma indwara neza | Ibi ni ingenzi cyane mu gusuzuma kanseri. Bishobora gufasha kumenya ubwoko nyabwo bwa kanseri (urugero: kanseri, melanoma). Bishobora kandi gufasha kumenya inkomoko ya kanseri ya metastasis, ari yo kanseri yakwirakwiriye kuva mu gice kimwe cy'umubiri ijya mu kindi. |
| Kugira ngo hamenyekane uko indwara ihagaze n'uko igenda | Bishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa uburemere bwa kanseri n'uburyo ikwirakwira vuba. Amakuru aturuka muri iki kizamini ni ingenzi mu kumenya icyiciro n'urwego rwa kanseri. Hashingiwe kuri aya makuru, muganga azategura gahunda nziza yo kuvura. |
| Guhanura uko ubuvuzi buzaba bwifashe | Kanseri zimwe na zimwe, cyane cyane kanseri y'ibere na prostate, zikura bitewe n'imisemburo nka estrogen na testosterone. Gupima IHC bishobora kugaragaza kanseri zishobora kwanduzwa n'iyi misemburo. Hanyuma hatangwa uburyo bwo kuvura imisemburo kugira ngo iyo misemburo ihagarare. |
| Gukurikirana intsinzi y'ubuvuzi | Gupima IHC rimwe na rimwe bikoreshwa kugira ngo harebwe niba uburyo bwo kuvura burimo kunoza indwara ndetse niba uturemangingo twa kanseri turimo kubura. |
Byongeye kandi, IHC ni ingenzi cyane mu bushakashatsi kugira ngo haboneke imiti mishya. Ifasha abashakashatsi gusobanukirwa impinduka ziba mu turemangingo twacu ziterwa n'indwara.
Iki kizamini gikora gite?
Ihame ry'ibanze ry'ibi ni iryoroshye cyane. Ni nko gushaka urufunguzo rukwiye (antibody) rw'ingufuri (antigen).
Tekereza ufite uturemangingo twa kanseri mu gice cy’umubiri wawe. Utwo turemangingo twa kanseri dufite antigens (ibimenyetso) ku buso bwazo bwite. Icyo ukora muri laboratwari ni ugukoresha antibody yagenewe kwihuza n’iyo antigen.
Dore uko iyi gahunda ikora:
1. Umuganga w’indwara ashyira enzyme kuri antibody yatoranijwe. Iyi enzyme ni nk'ikimenyetso gito.
2. Iyi mvange y’uturemangingo tw’umubiri ishyirwa hejuru y’ingero y’uturemangingo twateguwe.
3. Niba icyitegererezo kirimo antigen ijyanye n'iyo ndwara, antibody twongeyeho izayigumaho (nk'urufunguzo rushyirwa mu mfunzo).
4. Iyo ifashe gutya, enzyme ifatanye n'umuti urwanya indwara irakora, bigatuma habaho ibara ryihariye muri ako gace.
5. Amaherezo, iyo urebye hakoreshejwe mikorosikopi, uduce tw'amabara tugaragara neza. Ibi bivuze ko hari antigens zifitanye isano n'indwara muri utwo duce, bivuze ko dushobora kwemeza ko indwara ihari.
Kugira ngo ibi bisubizo bibe ukuri 100%, izi ntambwe zigomba gukorwa neza kandi neza muri laboratwari.
Gutegura icyitegererezo cyo gupimisha
Ni ingenzi cyane gutegura neza icyitegererezo cy'ingingo.
- Bika ingingo: Iyo imaze gukurwa mu mubiri, uturemangingo turi mu ngingo dutangira gupfa buhoro buhoro. Kugira ngo ibi bihagarare, ingingo "irakomera" uyishyira mu kintu nka formalin. Ibi bituma imiterere y'ingingo ikomeza kuba myiza.
- Menya neza ko antigens zishobora kuboneka: Hari igihe, iyi gahunda yo kuyikosora ishobora gutuma antigens zifungwa. Hanyuma, antibody ntizishobora kuzifata. Kubwibyo, inzira yihariye yitwa "antigen retrieval" ikoreshwa mu kongera kugaragaza antigens zafunzwe.
- Guhagarika imiterere isa: Hari igihe uturemangingo twacu dushobora kwihambira ku bindi bintu bisa na antigen nyayo dushaka. Ni nk'undi muntu wicaye ku ntebe yagenewe umuntu ukwiye. Kugira ngo wirinde ibi, duhagarika imiterere isa mbere y'igihe. Hanyuma uturemangingo tuzakwihambira gusa ku ntego ikwiye.
Guhitamo ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bukwiye
Umuganga w’indwara agomba guhitamo ubwoko bukwiye bwa antibody kuri antigen ashaka. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw’ingenzi.
| Ubwoko bw'umubiri urwanya indwara | Umwihariko |
|---|---|
| Utunyangingo tw’umubiri twitwa polyclonal | Izi ni uruvange rw'uturemangingo dutandukanye dushobora kwihuza n'ahantu hatandukanye kuri antigen imwe. |
| Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwa monoclonal | Izi ni kopi z'ubwoko bumwe, antibody imwe. Zifatana gusa ahantu hamwe ku antigen. |
Ese hari imbogamizi n'imbogamizi ku ikizamini cya IHC?
Yego, kimwe n'ibindi bizamini byose, iki kibazo gifite aho kigarukira.
Imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye ni uko nta mabwiriza ngenderwaho yemewe ku isi yose kuri buri ntambwe y'ikizamini cya IHC. Kubwibyo, uburyo n'imiti bikoreshwa muri laboratwari zitandukanye bishobora gutandukana gato, bigatuma ibisubizo bitandukana.
Byongeye kandi, rimwe na rimwe ibisubizo bishobora kuba atari byo.
| Ikosa mu bisubizo | Ubusobanuro |
|---|---|
| Ikinyoma cyagaragaje ko ari ukuri | Ibisubizo bigaragaza ko antigen ijyanye n'indwara ihari nubwo icyitegererezo kitahari. |
| Ibinyoma-bidafite ishingiro | Nubwo icyitegererezo kirimo antigen ijyanye n'indwara, igisubizo cyabyo ni kibi. |
Kugira ngo hirindwe ibintu nk'ibi, laboratwari nziza zifite uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge . Ni ukuvuga ko mbere yo gukora ikizamini nyacyo, bapima antibody ku gihimba tuzi ko gifite indwara kugira ngo barebe ko gikora neza.
Ese IHC ni kimwe no gupimwa kwa biopsy?
Oya, ariko hari isano ikomeye hagati y’ibyo byombi.
Muri make, biopsy ni igikorwa cyo gukuraho igice cy'umubiri wawe. IHC ni uburyo bwo gusuzuma icyo gice cy'umubiri muri laboratwari. Mu yandi magambo, IHC ni ikizamini gikorwa nyuma yo gupimwa.
IHC ni igitangaza mu buvuzi. Ituma abaganga babona ibimenyetso by'indwara bitagaragara n'amaso. Amakuru yavuye muri iki kizamini ni ingenzi cyane mu kurwanya indwara nka kanseri no guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo kuvura.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Nta mpamvu yo gutinya immunohistochemistry (IHC). Ni ikizamini cyihariye gikorerwa muri laboratwari ku gace gato k'umubiri kakuwe mu mubiri wawe.
- Iki kizamini gishobora gutanga amakuru menshi y'ingenzi (nk'ubwoko bwa kanseri n'uburemere bwayo), cyane cyane ku ndwara nka kanseri.
- Ibi bikubiyemo gushaka ibimenyetso byihariye (antigens) ku tunyangingo turwaye, kongeramo ikintu gisa n'irangi kuri two, no kuturebera muri mikorosikopi.
- Raporo y'ikizamini cya IHC izafasha cyane muganga wawe guhitamo uburyo bwiza kandi bunoze bwo kuvura.
- Niba ufite ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose kuri iki kizamini, ntugatinye kubibwira muganga wawe ku mugaragaro.
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