Reka twige gusa ku ikizamini cya immunophenotyping gifasha kumenya uturemangingo twa kanseri.

Ushobora kuba utari warigeze wumva ijambo `(Immunophenotyping)` mbere. Ariko iki ni ikizamini cy'ingenzi cyane, cyane cyane mu gusuzuma indwara zimwe na zimwe, urugero, kanseri y'amaraso, kanseri y'amaraso, n'izindi kanseri. Rero, uyu munsi turaganira kuri iki kizamini mu buryo bworoshye, kugira ngo usobanukirwe neza.

Immunophenotyping ni iki? Reka tubisobanukirwe mu buryo bworoshye.

Noneho reka turebe icyo iri jambo `(Immunophenotyping)` risobanura. Nubwo ibi bisa nkaho ari ijambo rya siyansi, mu by'ukuri inkuru yoroshye cyane.

Ijambo 'Immuno' risobanura ikintu kijyanye n'ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri . Muri iki kizamini, inzobere mu ndwara (umuganga w'inzobere mu gusuzuma no kuvura indwara) akoresha ubundi bwoko bwa poroteyine yitwa 'antibodies' iva mu budahangarwa bwacu kugira ngo ashake poroteyine zihariye zitwa 'antigens' mu turemangingo twacu. Tekereza kuri izi 'antibodies' nk'urufunguzo, na 'antigens' nk'ingufuri. Kimwe n'ingufuri ikwiranye na buri rufunguzo, 'antibody' runaka ifata gusa kuri 'antigen' runaka. Mu yandi magambo, hari ubwoko bw'ibihuzwa hagati y'ibyo byombi.

Ijambo 'phenotype' risobanura imiterere igaragara inyuma . Rero, iyo iyo '(antibody)' ifatanye na '(antigen)' ijyanye nayo, umuhanga mu by'indwara amenya niba iyo selile ifite iyo '(antigen)' cyangwa idafite hashingiwe ku bimenyetso byerekana.

Mu magambo make, iki kizamini cya `(Immunophenotyping)` kireba utu tumenyetso twa `(antigens)` turi hejuru y'uturemangingo twacu maze kikamenya niba utwo turemangingo ari tuzima cyangwa ari turemangingo twa kanseri. Nanone, utu `(antigens)` dushobora kumenya ubwoko bw'uturemangingo twa kanseri.

Iki kizamini (Immunophenotyping) gikorwa ryari?

Hari ibihe byinshi muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gupima iki kizamini.

Tekereza ko inshuti yawe, tuvuge nka Nimal, imaze iminsi mike yumva ananiwe cyane kandi ananiwe. Ubwo muganga yamupimaga amaraso ("Umubare w'amaraso yuzuye", cyangwa "CBC"), yasanze umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso ye yera uri hejuru cyane. Hanyuma muganga ashobora gukeka ko iyi ishobora kuba ari kanseri y'amaraso. Ni bwo yakugira inama yo gukora iki kizamini cya "Immunophenotyping" kugira ngo umenye byinshi ku biri kuba.

Ibyo bivuze:

• Niba ibisubizo by'umubare wuzuye w'amaraso (`(CBC)`) bigaragaza ko umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso yawe tw'umweru uri hejuru cyane.
• Iyo hari ukekwaho ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri y'amaraso, urugero nka leukemia cyangwa lymphoma, ibi bishobora gufasha kwegereza gato isuzuma.

Byongeye kandi, abashakashatsi barimo gukoresha ubu buryo bwa "Immunophenotyping" kugira ngo biga uburyo uturemangingo twa kanseri twitabira ibimenyetso bya "antigen" runaka, cyane cyane "immunotherapy".

Iki kizamini gikora gite?

Igice kinini cy'iki kizamini cya `(Immunophenotyping)` kiba muri laboratoire, nyuma yo gufatirwa icyitegererezo cy'uruti cyangwa amazi. Mu by'ukuri, icyo ugomba gukora ni ugutanga icyitegererezo, hanyuma impuguke muri laboratoire zigakora ibisigaye.

Abaganga benshi bakoresha uburyo bwo muri laboratwari bwitwa "Flow Cytometry" kugira ngo bakore iki kizamini. Byongeye kandi, hari igihe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwitwa "Immunohistochemistry - IHC". Reka turebe ibi byombi.

Hari uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi ...

Uburyo bwa (Flow Cytometry) (uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa cyane)

Ukoresheje ubu buryo, ushobora gusuzuma ingero nini z'amaraso cyangwa uturemangingo tw'amaraso twakuwe mu ngingo. Dore uko bikora:

• Gukusanya icyitegererezo: Ibi akenshi biba birimo gufata icyitegererezo cy'umusemburo w'amagufwa uvuye mu isuzuma ry'umusemburo w'amagufwa, cyangwa amaraso make. Hari igihe, icyitegererezo gishobora gufatwa mu mazi yo mu ruti rw'umugongo cyangwa mu mazi yo mu nda.
• Kubika icyitegererezo: Abakozi bo muri laboratwari bategura icyitegererezo cyo gupima "Immunophenotyping". Bashyiramo ibintu bimwe na bimwe kugira ngo uturemangingo tudapfa.
• Kongeramo (Antibody): Hanyuma, bongeramo "antibody" bageneye kwihuza na "antigen" bashaka kubona. Izi "antibody" zifatanye na "fluorescent compound" cyangwa "immunofluorescence marker". Kubera iki kimenyetso, iyo "antibody" ifatanye na "antigen", uturemangingo dutanga urumuri.
• Gukora (Flow Cytometry): Noneho icyitegererezo cyateguwe hamwe n'izo `(antibodies)` gishyirwa mu mashini yitwa `(Flow Cytometer)`. Iyi mashini ifite sensors zihariye (`detectors`), zishobora kumenya urumuri ruturuka kuri iyo `(ikimenyetso cy'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri)`. Rero, iyi `(Flow Cytometer)` ipima umubare w'uturemangingo dufite `(antigen-antibody)` (ni ukuvuga itanga urumuri).

Uburyo (Uburyo bwa Immunohistochemistry - IHC)

Immunohistochemistry ni uburyo bushobora kumenya niba hari antigens runaka mu gipimo cy'ingingo. Intambwe zikoreshwa muri laboratwari zisa cyane n'izo muri flow cytometry. Itandukaniro rikomeye ni uko muri IHC, enzyme yongerwamo antibody aho kuba fluorescent compound. Iyi enzyme ihumanya uturemangingo n'ibara runaka niba antigen ihari. Iyo umuganga w'indwara abonye ibara munsi ya mikorosikopi, bivuze ko uturemangingo tuba turimo antigen.

Ni izihe mbogamizi z'iki kizamini (Immunophenotyping)?

Ingorane ikomeye ni uko atari buri laboratwari ikora iki kizamini ifite " uburyo busanzwe." Kubwibyo, rimwe na rimwe hashobora kubaho itandukaniro rito mu bisubizo.

Ariko ikintu kimwe ugomba kwibuka. Abaganga ntibasuzuma indwara bashingiye kuri ibi bisubizo bya `(Immunophenotyping)` gusa. Bayigereranya n'ibindi bintu byinshi, nk'ibimenyetso byawe n'ibisubizo by'ibindi bizamini, kugira ngo bagere ku mwanzuro. Ibi bivuze ko iki kizamini cyonyine kitakubwira ko urwaye kanseri. Ni igice kimwe gusa cy'ishusho nini, ahubwo ni isoko imwe gusa ishobora kugufasha kumenya byinshi ku buzima bwawe.

Ibisubizo bimeze bite? Bitubwira iki?

Muganga wawe azagusobanurira icyo ibisubizo byawe bivuze akurikije isesengura ryakozwe n'umuganga w'indwara. Ibisubizo by'ikizamini cya "Immunophenotyping" si "byiza" cyangwa "bibi" gusa. Bisaba umuganga w'indwara wahuguwe kugira ngo asobanukirwe "amakuru" yakozwe na "Flow Cytometer" yerekeye icyitegererezo no kukubwira neza icyo bivuze.

Ahereye kuri aya makuru, arasesengura ibintu nk'ibi:

• Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera?
• Ni mu kihe cyiciro cy'iterambere bariho?
• Urimo gushaka uturemangingo twinshi dufite antigen?

Umuganga w’indwara agereranya amakuru yavuye mu cyitegererezo cyawe n’amakuru y’abantu bazima badafite kanseri, ndetse n’amakuru y’abantu bafite ubwoko runaka bwa leukemia cyangwa lymphoma. Akoresheje ubu buryo n’ibisubizo by’ibindi bizamini, agena uko ushobora kuba ufite kanseri.

Ni ryari ngomba guhamagara muganga wanjye?

Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa impungenge ku bisubizo byawe cyangwa icyo bivuze, hamagara muganga wawe . Immunophenotyping ni ikizamini kigoye cyo muri laboratwari kireba imiterere y'uturemangingo. Ariko muganga wawe ashobora gusobanura uburyo bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe mu buryo bworoshye.

Wenda nta bubabare wigeze wumva, kandi watangajwe no gusanga uturemangingo tw’amaraso yawe tw’umweru twari dufite ubukana bwinshi ku isuzuma ry’amaraso risanzwe ("CBC"). Cyangwa wenda umaze igihe wumva utameze neza. Ariko, ibyo bisubizo bya "CBC" ni intambwe ya mbere yo kumenya ibiri kuba, bityo ugomba kwihangana.

Uturemangingo twawe tuba dufite amakuru menshi y'ingenzi ku buzima bwawe. Immunophenotype ni ikizamini kireba uturemangingo twawe kikakubwira ubuzima bwawe. Mu bihe nk'ibi, gutegereza ibisubizo bishobora gutera ubwoba no guhangayika. Niba ukeneye ubufasha mu by'amarangamutima, vugana na muganga wawe kuri byo. Nanone, niba ufite ikibazo ku bisubizo by'ibizamini, ntutindiganye kubabaza.

Ibintu by'ingenzi cyane tugomba kwigira kuri ibi

Sawa, reka tuvuge muri make ibintu by'ingenzi byo kwibuka kuri iki kizamini cya `(Immunophenotyping)` twavuzeho uyu munsi.

• Iki ni ikizamini cyihariye cya laboratwari. Gifasha cyane cyane mu gusuzuma kanseri nka leukemia na lymphoma.
• Ibi bikorwa hagaragazwa poroteyine zidasanzwe zitwa "antigens" ku buso bw'uturemangingo twacu.
• Uburyo bubiri bukunze gukoreshwa cyane ni ``Flow cytometry'' na ``Immunohistochemistry - IHC''.
• Ibisubizo biragoye gato, bityo umuhanga mu by’indwara arabisesengura.
• Uzirikane ibi: Nta muntu ushobora kukubwira ko urwaye kanseri arebye gusa ibyavuye muri iki kizamini. Ni igice kimwe gusa cy'uburyo bwo gusuzuma indwara.
• Niba ufite ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose ku bisubizo, ntutinye kubaza muganga wawe. Barahari kugira ngo bagufashe.

` Ubushobozi bwo gupima ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, kanseri, kanseri y'amaraso, kanseri y'amaraso, ibizamini by'amaraso, uturemangingo, antigens