Muganga wawe ashobora kuba yaragutegetse ikizamini cyihariye kugira ngo yemeze ko arwaye. Ese wigeze wumva ijambo "immunostaining"? Rishobora kumvikana nk'iryagoye kandi rigoye. Ariko mu by'ukuri ni ikizamini cyo muri laboratwari giteye imbere cyane kidufasha gusuzuma neza indwara nka kanseri n'izindi ndwara zitandukanye. Uyu munsi, tuzabivugaho mu buryo bworoshye cyane.
Mu magambo make, Immunostaining ni iki?
Gutera immunostaining ni uburyo bwihariye bukoreshwa mu kumenya poroteyine runaka muganga ashaka gushaka muri poroteyine nyinshi ziri mu maraso yawe, mu gice cy’umubiri, cyangwa mu gice cy’umusemburo w’amagufwa.
Tekereza uri gusoma igitabo. Ukoresha ikaramu ikoresha ibara ry'urumuri kugira ngo ugaragaze interuro z'ingenzi cyane mu gitabo kugira ngo ubashe kuzibona byoroshye. Ni ko ubu buryo bukora. Muri poroteyine ibihumbi biri mu turemangingo tw'umubiri wacu, ubu buryo budufasha kumenya poroteyine zihariye (twita izi antigens ) zifitanye isano n'indwara runaka binyuze mu "kuzisiga irangi."
Uku "gusiga ibara" bikorwa hakoreshejwe ibintu byihariye byitwa antibodies . Mu by'ukuri, antibodies ishobora gufatana gusa na antigen runaka irakoreshwa. Iyi antibodies ifatana n'ibara ryihariye, enzyme, fluorescent molecule, cyangwa uduce twa zahabu. Rero iyo antibodies ifatana na antigen ivugwa, iyo tuyirebye dukoresheje mikorosikopi, ihinduka ibara ryiza kandi dushobora kuyibona neza.
Igikuru ni uko iki kizamini gikorwa n'abaganga b'indwara muri laboratwari. Nubwo icyitegererezo (nk'amaraso cyangwa ingingo) cyakuwe mu bitaro, ikizamini gikorerwa muri laboratwari.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'ibizamini byo gupima ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri?
Hari uburyo bwinshi bukoreshwa mu gukora iki kizamini. Muganga wawe azahitamo uburyo bukwiye cyane bitewe n'uburwayi bwawe. Reka turebe bumwe mu buryo bw'ingenzi.
| Uburyo bwo gupima | Ibi bikora iki kandi bikoreshwa iki? |
|---|---|
| Ubushobozi bwo kurwanya indwara z'imyororokere | Ubu ni bwo buryo bukunze gukoreshwa cyane. Aha, icyitegererezo cy'umubiri gishyirwa ku kirahuri, hakongerwamo antibody ikwiye, hanyuma hagakoreshwa irangi ryihariye kugira ngo gihindurwe ibara. Hanyuma gisuzumwa hifashishijwe mikorosikopi. Ibi bifasha cyane mu kumenya ubwoko butandukanye bwa kanseri , gushyira mu byiciro indwara z'imitsi, n'indwara z'amaraso. |
| Ihindagurika ry'amazi mu mubiri (flow cytometry) | Tekereza nko gushakisha ibiribwa muri supermarket. Muri ubu buryo, uturemangingo twawe duca mu muriro wa laser, umwe umwe, hakoreshejwe uturemangingo tw’amabara. Hanyuma imashini ishobora kubara, gutondeka no gutandukanya uturemangingo. Ibi bikoreshwa mu gupima kanseri nka leukemia na lymphoma, indwara zitandukanye zandura, n’indwara z’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri . |
| Mikroskopi y'imyunyungugu-electron (EM immunolabeling) | Ibi bituma icyitegererezo kibonwa ku rugero rwo hejuru cyane, mu buryo burambuye. Aha, uduce twa zahabu ya colloidal dufatanye n'uturemangingo. Iyo turebye hakoreshejwe mikorosikopi ya elegitoroniki, utwo duce twa zahabu tugaragara neza nk'utudomo tw'umukara. Kubwibyo, iyo antibody imaze gufatana na antigen, ishobora kuboneka byoroshye. Ubu buryo bunakoreshwa mu kumenya indwara za virusi no kumenya aho antigen za virusi ziri mu nkingo. |
Ni gute nakwitegura iki kizamini?
Muri rusange, ntukeneye gutegura ikintu kidasanzwe cyo gupima ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.
Ariko, mbere yo gufata icyitegererezo (ni ukuvuga gufata amaraso cyangwa igice cy'urugingo, nko gupimwa), muganga wawe azaguha amabwiriza asobanutse neza y'icyo wakora. Urugero, niba uri gupimwa, ushobora kubwirwa kutarya cyangwa ngo unywe ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose mbere yo kubagwa. Ni ngombwa gukurikiza ayo mabwiriza neza.
Ikizamini kimara igihe kingana iki? Ni ryari ibisubizo bizaboneka?
Igihe bifata kugira ngo ibi bibeho kiratandukanye bitewe n'uburyo bwakoreshejwe.
- Uburyo bumwe bushobora gutanga umusaruro mu masaha make .
- Ubundi buryo bushobora gufata iminsi 10 .
Ku munsi wafatiweho icyitegererezo, muganga cyangwa umukozi azaguha igitekerezo cy’igihe bizatwara kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo, bityo ntugahangayike.
Ibisubizo bivuga iki?
Umuganga w’indwara zo muri laboratwari azasuzuma icyitegererezo cyawe maze yoherereze raporo yuzuye y’ibyavuye muri iyo raporo umuganga ukuvura. Hanyuma umuganga wawe azahuza ibyavuye muri iyo raporo n’uburwayi bwawe kandi akusobanurire mu magambo make icyo bisobanura.
Ni iki gikurikiraho iyo ibisubizo bitameze neza?
Niba ikizamini cyemeza ko ufite ikibazo cy’uburwayi, ntugatinye. Muganga wawe azagusobanurira ibisubizo byuzuye kandi akuganire ku buryo bwo kuvurwa.
Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, itsinda ry'abaganga bo mu nzego zitandukanye bashobora guhurira hamwe kugira ngo baganire ku buryo bwiza bwo kuvura. Intego ya buri wese ni ukuguha ubuvuzi bwiza. Rero, ganira na muganga wawe ku bibazo cyangwa impungenge ushobora kuba ufite.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Gupima indwara z’umubiri ni ikizamini cyihariye cya laboratwari gikoresha uturemangingo kugira ngo gipime neza indwara nka kanseri n’indwara zandura.
- Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'iki kizamini, kandi muganga wawe azahitamo uburyo bukwiye cyane bitewe n'uburwayi bwawe.
- Muganga wawe azakubwira amabwiriza ugomba gukurikiza mbere yo gutanga icyitegererezo cyo gupimwa.
- Igihe bifata kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo by'ibizamini gishobora gutandukana, kandi iyo ibisubizo bibonetse, muganga wawe azabigusobanurira kandi akakubwira intambwe zikurikiraho, nibiba ngombwa.
- Ganira na muganga wawe ku bibazo byose ufite ku bisubizo by'ibizamini byawe cyangwa ikibazo cy'uburwayi bwawe mu ruhame.
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