Reka twige ku bijyanye n'inzira yo kwibasira umubiri wacu ifasha mu kurinda umubiri wacu.

Umeze ute? Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku buryo butangaje kandi bw'ingenzi cyane bubera mu mibiri yacu. Ni nk'ikintu cyihariye gifasha ubwirinzi bw'umubiri wacu. Ushobora kuba warumvise iri jambo, kandi ryitwa opsonization. Nuryiga, uzasobanukirwa uburyo imibiri yacu ikora neza.

Opsonization ni iki?

Mu magambo make, opsonization ni inzira ifasha ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri. Ikora mu kumenya no gusenya mikorobe zangiza, nk'udukoko twanduza indwara (nk'udukoko twa bagiteri na virusi), cyangwa uturemangingo twacu twapfuye cyangwa twangiritse. Tekereza ubudahangarwa bwawe bw'umubiri nk'itsinda ryihariye ririnda umubiri wawe. Bahora bagenzura umubiri wawe, bashaka ikintu cyose cyagutera ingaruka mbi cyangwa indwara.

Ibice bitandukanye by’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wacu - ingingo, uturemangingo, poroteyine, imiti - byose bikora hamwe. Hari ibice bigenda bizenguruka umubiri bishakisha ababitera. Ibindi byangiza ibintu byangiza umubiri. Icyo gihe ni bwo poroteyine zitwa opsonines ziza kugoboka. Izi opsonines zitwikira mikorobe zikayishyira mu "kimenyetso". Hanyuma izindi selile z’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri zishobora kuzimenya byoroshye no kuzirimbura. Uburyo bwo kwishyira mu mwanya w’umubiri bugaragaza uturemangingo twapfuye n’udupfa, uturemangingo twanduye, ndetse n’uturemangingo twa kanseri.

Opsonin ni iki?

Tuyita 'opsonines' itsinda ry'poroteyine zitandukanye. Inshingano zabo nyamukuru ni ukwifatanya n'uturemangingo n'ibindi bintu nk'udukoko , no gufasha ubwoko bwihariye bw'uturemangingo mu budahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri - tuyita phagocytes - kubimenya no 'kumira'. Tekereza nko gutuma isahani iryoha neza no kuyigaragaza neza mu buryo butuma wifuza kuyirya.

Hari opsonine zimwe zireremba mu maraso cyangwa mu mazi y’imitsi. Izindi zikorwa iyo ubudahangarwa bwacu bw’umubiri bukora, bivuye mu zindi poroteyine. Akenshi, ibintu nk'uturemangingo tw’umubiri , ushobora kuba warumvise, na byo bikora nka opsonine mu gihe bikora indi mirimo y'ingenzi.

Utwo turemangingo, twitwa phagocytes , duhura na opsonines nk'ikiraro. Hanyuma dukoresha icyo kiraro kugira ngo dukingire kandi dusenye ikintu dushaka gusenya. Niyo mpamvu opsonines yitwa kandi 'uduce duhuza.' Urabyumva?

Ni iyihe nzira ya fagocytosis?

FagositosisNi inzira imibiri yacu ikoresha mu gusenya no gukuraho ibintu byangiza cyangwa bidakenewe. Mu magambo make, bivuze 'inzira y'uturemangingo twinjiramo tukangiza ikintu'. Ibi bintu bishobora kuba birimo udukoko , ibintu byo mu mahanga, cyangwa se uturemangingo twacu bwite.

Ni iki cyangiritse muri phagocytosis?

Dore bimwe mu bintu byangijwe na phagocytosis:

• Ubwoko butandukanye bw'udukoko nka virusi, bagiteri, n'ibihumyo.
• Uturemangingo twanduye.
• Uturemangingo twapfuye, twashaje, cyangwa twangiritse.
• Uturemangingo twa kanseri.
• Uduce tw'uturemangingo, cyangwa imyanda y'uturemangingo.
• Imibanire (synapses) hagati y'uturemangingo tw'imitsi twagabanutse imikorere.

Ijambo 'phagocytosis' risobanura 'kurya uturemangingo'. Utwo turemangingo, twitwa phagocytes, twinjira muri utwo turemangingo n'udukoko tudakenewe, cyangwa 'tukarya', hanyuma tukadusenya. Hanyuma umubiri ushobora kutwikuramo byoroshye. Ubwoko bwose bw'uturemangingo, nka macrophages , dendritic cells , neutrophils , na natural killer (NK) cells , dukoresha inzira ya opsonization kugira ngo tubone kandi dukuremo ibintu bidakenewe.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso uturemangingo twa phagocyte twakira?

Utwo turemangingo, twitwa phagocytes , ni two dufata icyemezo cyo kumira ikintu cyangwa kutacyimira hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bitandukanye. Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibyo bimenyetso:

• Ibimenyetso bya 'Shaka-Me': Ibi bishobora kuba poroteyine cyangwa ibindi bintu bifasha uturemangingo twa phagocyte kubona uturemangingo cyangwa udukoko dushaka kwangiza.
• Ibimenyetso byo kurya-njyewe cyangwa nturye-njyewe: Nk'uko izina ribigaragaza, ibi bimenyetso bibwira phagocyte niba igomba kurya ikintu cyangwa itagifata.
• Opsonins: Twavuze kuri ibi. Izi ni poroteyine zigira uruhare mu ngirabuzimafatizo cyangwa indwara zitera indwara , zigatuma phagocyte "imira ibi ikabisenya." Nanone zikora nk'ikiraro, bigatuma phagocyte yoroherwa no gufata ku kintu ishaka gusenya.
• Opsonines mbi: Izi zigira ibinyuranye n'ibyo. Ni ukuvuga ko zica intege cyangwa zigatuma bigora phagocyte gufata no gusenya ikintu.

Ese hari ingero z'abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi?

Mu by’ukuri, hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa opsonine umubiri wacu ukoresha mu kumenya no gukuraho intego zitandukanye. Dore zimwe muri zo kugira ngo umenye:

• Antibodies: Antibodies ni igice cy'ingenzi cyane cy'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu. Ni nk'ingufuri n'urufunguzo,Ni umwihariko w’ibice byihariye by’indwara (byitwa antigens) . Antibodies zitwa Immunoglobulin G (IgG) na Immunoglobulin M (IgM) nazo zikora nka opsonines.
• Ibintu byuzuzanya: Ibi ni itsinda rya poroteyine zifasha ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri. Poroteyine zitandukanye zuzuzanya zikorana kugira ngo ziyobore uturemangingo twa phagocyte aho tugomba kwangirika. C1q, C3, C3b , na C4b byose ni ubwoko bwa opsonines.
• Opsonine ziboha fosfatidylserine: Phosphatidylserine ni ikimenyetso cyo 'kundya'. Iyo uturemangingo tugiye gupfa ( apoptosis ), iki kimenyetso gisohoka mu turemangingo. Opsonine nyinshi, nka Annexin A1 , Apolipoprotein H , Del-1 , Gas6, na Poroteyine S, zishobora kugira uruhare muri ibi.
• Izindi opsonine: Uretse izi, poroteyine nka calreticulin , fibronectin , ficolin (izi ni poroteyine zimenya imiterere), lectini ifata mannose , globulin y'ibinure by'amata (lactadherin) , na pentraxins nazo zikora nka opsonine. Nubwo aya mazina ashobora gusa n'aho agoye, aya yose afasha kurinda imibiri yacu.

Ni iki opsonization ikora muri phagocytosis?

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, uturemangingo twitwa phagocytes 'turya' udukoko n'uturemangingo tudakenewe n'imibiri yacu, ari byo byitwa phagocytosis , kugira ngo umubiri ubashe kubikuraho byoroshye. Icyo gihe ni bwo opsonines ziza kudufasha. Opsonines zitwikira uturemangingo n'ibisambo bashaka kurimbura. Ni nko kongeramo ibirungo ku isahani kugira ngo birusheho kuryoha no kuryoha. Iyo phagocytes zibonye ibyo 'birungo', zituma bisa 'biryoshye'. (Mu by'ukuri, ijambo 'opsonization' rikomoka ku ijambo ry'Ikigiriki risobanura 'gukora ibiryoshye'!)

Uturemangingo twa Phagocyte dukururwa n'iyi nyunganiramirire ya opsonine, hanyuma ifatana na receptor zayo.Bakoresha ibice byitwa opsonins kugira ngo babifate neza. Muri ubwo buryo, opsonins ni nk'ikanya ibafasha gufata ibyo biryo biryoshye. Hanyuma phagocyte ikurura ibyo 'biryo', ikabyica, hanyuma 'ikabyisya'.

Guhangana kw'abantu bibaho gute?

Hari inzira nyinshi zitandukanye zitera opsonization. Iz'ingenzi ni izi:

• Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buvukanwa: Poroteyine nka C3 mu mubiri wacu zigira ubushobozi bwo kumenya no kwihambira ku bice bimwe na bimwe bya bagiteri, virusi cyangwa ibihumyo. Iyi ni intambwe imwe mu gutera opsonization. Iyi ni uburyo bwo kwirinda umubiri wacu uvukana.
• Uburyo bwo guhangana n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri: Ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bumenya antigens zituruka kuri bagiteri, virusi, cyangwa izindi ndwara zangiza zagaragaye mbere. Kimwe n’urufunguzo, izi zigira aho zihurira zigakora antigen-antibody complex . Hanyuma zuzuza poroteyine zifata kuri iyi complex hanyuma zigapfuka indwara cyangwa ingirabuzimafatizo OPSONINES nyinshi. Iki ni ikintu umubiri wacu wiga uko igihe kigenda.
• Ibimenyetso bya 'Eat-me': Iyo uturemangingo twangiritse cyangwa hafi yo gupfa, twohereza ibimenyetso ku budahangarwa bw'umubiri kugira ngo 'bunyice.' Opsonins zibona ibyo bimenyetso kandi zikabihambiraho.

Hari intambwe nyinshi muri buri kimwe muri ibi bikorwa, kandi byose bihurira hamwe kugira ngo bikore ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu.

Kuki kwishyira mu mwanya w’abandi ari ingenzi?

Urabizi, indwara zitera indwara ni amayeri menshi. Kubera ko zigomba kubaho, zigerageza kwihisha cyangwa kwirinda uturemangingo tw’ubudahangarwa bwacu. Icyo gihe inzira yo kwibasira ihinduka ingenzi cyane. Bifasha uturemangingo twa phagocyte kubona iyo ndwara ihishe byoroshye, kuyifata, amaherezo ikayisenya.

Mu buryo nk'ubwo, uturemangingo twacu bwite dukoresha uburyo bwa opsonization kugira ngo tubwire ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ngo 'Nanduye,' 'Nangiritse,' cyangwa 'Ngiye gupfa.' Iyo umubiri wakiriye iki kimenyetso, uba uzi gukuraho utwo turemangingo.

Mu magambo make, opsonization ni nk'uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo gutumanaho butuma imibiri yacu ikomeza kugira ubuzima bwiza. Iyo bitabaho, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwacu bwaba bugoranye gukora neza.

Ese ibibazo byo kwibasirwa n'abantu bishobora gutera indwara?

Yego rwose. Phagocytosis ishobora kwangirika bitewe n'indwara zimwe na zimwe za genetiki , ingaruka ku miti imwe n'imwe, cyangwa izindi mpamvu.Ibura ry'umubiri hamwe n'izindi ndwara z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bishobora guhindura uburyo umubiri wacu umenya ikibi n'ikitari cyo. Tekereza ibi:

• Uturemangingo twawe tw’umubiri dushobora kudashobora gusenya ibintu byangiza nk’uturemangingo twangiritse, bagiteri na virusi. Ibi bintu byangiza bishobora kwirundanya mu mubiri bigatera indwara.
• Bitabaye ibyo, uturemangingo twawe twa phagocyte dushobora gutangira kwangiza ibintu bitagomba kwangirika, nk'uturemangingo tuzima. Ni nk'aho ingabo zawe zirwanyije ubwazo.

Uko ikibazo cyaba kiri kose, gishobora gutera indwara ziterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri , nka lupus , cyangwa indwara z’imitsi nka Alzheimer . Ushobora kandi kwandura indwara nyinshi cyangwa ukaba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri.

Ese opsonization ishobora gukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara?

Iki ni ikibazo cyiza cyane. Impuguke mu by'ubuvuzi zisanzwe zikora ubushakashatsi ku buryo bwo gukoresha ubu buryo bwo kuvura indwara. Icyizere cyabo ni uguteza imbere uburyo bwo gufasha ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu binyuze mu gukoresha ibintu byangiza cyangwa gukumira ko uturemangingo tuzima twakwibasirwa. Ubu bushakashatsi bushobora gufasha mu guteza imbere uburyo bwo kuvura indwara nka:

• Kanseri: Ishobora 'gushyira' ibimenyetso ku tunyangingo twa kanseri no gufasha ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri kuzirimbura.
• Indwara zandura: Ubu buryo bushobora kugira akamaro cyane mu kurwanya indwara zimwe na zimwe za bagiteri.
• Indwara z’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri: Zigerageza guhagarika uturemangingo tuzima kugira ngo tudahinduka 'ikimenyetso' no kugabanya ubushobozi bw’umubiri bwo kwangiza.

Si ibyo gusa, abashakashatsi barimo gukoresha uburyo bwo gusuzuma indwara kugira ngo bapime uburyo inkingo n'imiti ivura indwara zirwanya indwara bikora neza. Ibi bizamini byitwa OPSONOPHAGORCYTIC KIlling ASSET (OPKA) . Bityo rero, iki ni ishami ry’ubushakashatsi rifite icyizere cyane.

Ibintu bike byo kwibuka muri make

Sawa, twavuze byinshi ku bijyanye no kwivanga mu mubiri, si byo se? Ni igice cy'ingenzi cyane cy'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu. Ni nko kubaka ikiraro gihuza ibintu byangiza umubiri wacu n'uturemangingo tubirimbura.

Uribuka ukuntu navuze ko n'ibiryo byiza abana badakunda bishobora kubirya iyo wongeyeho uburyohe buto? Ni cyo opsonization isobanura. Ituma abo ba phagocyte bashoboraNtabwo bituma 'ibiryo' biryoha uturemangingo gusa, ahubwo binaduha 'ikanya' yo gufata. Hanyuma bashobora guhita babirya!

Rero, kwinuba ni nk'intwari itagira icyo ivuga ifasha imibiri yacu kugumana ubuzima bwiza kandi irinzwe indwara. Ni ukubera ko iyi gahunda igenda neza ari yo ituma tudarwara kenshi. None se, ntabwo ari ngombwa kumenya gato ibi bintu bitangaje biba mu mibiri yacu? Nizeye ko ubu bumenyi buzagufasha wowe n'umuryango wawe kugira ubuzima bwiza.

Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri , opsonization, phagocytosis, mikorobe, uturemangingo, abasirikari b'umubiri, ubwirinzi bw'umubiri