Indwara zo mu mara n'izindi ndwara zitera ubwoba? Reka tumenye neza ibyo ari byo!

Ese rimwe na rimwe ujya ugira ikibazo mu nda, kubyimba, cyangwa kumva wuzuye? Wenda ntunamenye ko impamvu y'ibi ishobora kuba udukoko duto kandi tubabaza tuba mu mara yawe. Nubwo iri zina rishobora kumvikana nk'aho riteye ubwoba iyo urumvise, niba ubimenye neza, ntabwo ari ikibazo gikomeye kuri twe. Uyu munsi, reka tuvuge kuri izi ndurwe zo mu mara (`Intestinal Parasites`).

Izi parasite zo mu mara ni izihe?

Mu magambo make, udukoko two mu mara ni utunyabuzima duto cyane, dufite akaremangingo kamwe tuba mu mara yawe. Agakoko ni ikiremwa kiba mu mubiri w'ikindi kinyabuzima (ikinyabuzima) kandi kikibona ibitunga n'ubuhungiro byacyo kuri icyo kinyabuzima. Tekereza nk'itsinda ry'udukoko twigaragaza gusa tudatumiwe, tukicara ku mibiri yacu, tugatungwa n'ibyo kurya n'ibyo kunywa byacu.

Izi parasite zikoresha umubiri w’umuntu kugira ngo zororoke kandi zigerageze gushaka undi muntu uziba hafi. Ariko, izi parasite ntacyo zimariye . Ahubwo zidutera ibimenyetso bitandukanye bitoroshye, rimwe na rimwe ndetse n’ibibazo bikomeye by’ubuzima.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'udukoko two mu bwoko bwa parasites?

Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'udukoko two mu mara: inzoka zitwa `Helminths` n'uturemangingo dufite akaremangingo kamwe twitwa `Protozoa`.

Helminths (inzoka zo mu mara zitera parasites)

Inyoni zo mu bwoko bwa Helminth ni itsinda ry’inzoka zo mu bwoko bwa parasites zirimo inzoka zo mu bwoko bwa roundworms zitandukanye (zifite umubiri uzunguruka) n’inzoka zo mu bwoko bwa flatworms (zifite umubiri urambuye). Nubwo zikura neza mu mibiri yacu, akenshi ntizishobora kororoka muri twe. Ahubwo, zitera amagi, agasohoka mu mibiri yacu mu mwanda wacu. Hanyuma, iyo abandi bantu bahuye n’ayo magi batabizi (urugero, barya n’intoki zanduye), ziba ari zo zikira, kandi ubwoko bw’inzoka bugakomeza kubaho.

Dore bumwe mu bwoko bw'inzoka zo mu nda zikunze kugaragara cyane:

• Inyoni zo mu bwoko bwa Pinworms (cyangwa enterobiasis): Izi ni inzoka zimeze nk'imigozi. Zandurira mu gukorakora aho amagi ya pinworms aboneka hanyuma zikayashyira mu kanwa kawe. Amagi aturuka mu mara mato. Ingore zitera amagi hirya no hino mu kibuno nijoro. Ibi bishobora gutera uburyaryate hirya no hino mu kibuno . Rero, niba ukoze ku kindi gice udakaraba intoki, amagi azoherezwa aho ngaho, ni ko bikwirakwira. Ibi bikunze kugaragara mu bana bato.

• Inyo zizunguruka (`Ascaris` cyangwa `ascariasis`):Iyo urebye hifashishijwe mikorosikopi, izi nzoka zisa n'udukoko duto. Zirakura iyo zihuye n'ubutaka bwanduye zikarya amagi mu butaka. "Ubutaka bwanduye" bivuze ko imyanda irimo amagi y'udukoko yavanze n'ubutaka. Ibi bishobora kugaragara mu turere dufite ubwiherero buke kandi abantu bakiyicarira hanze. Nanone, izi nzoka za 'Ascaris' zishobora kwandurira mu mboga n'imbuto zahinzwe hakoreshejwe imyanda y'abantu nk'ifumbire.

• Inyoni zo mu bwoko bwa Whipworms (cyangwa trichuriasis): Izi nzoni ziva ku ishusho yazo isa n'iy'imbogo. Kimwe na Ascaris, izo nzoka zo mu bwoko bwa whipworms zandurira mu kurya amagi aboneka mu butaka bwanduye.

• Inyoni zo mu bwoko bwa Hookworms (Ancylostomiasis): Inyoni zo mu bwoko bwa Hookworms zifite umutwe umeze nk'ingobe. Uku niko zifata ku nkuta z'amara yacu zikanyunyuza amaraso. Kimwe na Ascaris na whipworms, izo nyoni zikwirakwira mu butaka bwanduye. Itandukaniro riri hano ni uko amagi ari mu butaka akura akavamo inyoni. Iyo ugenda mu butaka nta nkweto , izi nyoni zo mu bwoko bwa Hookworms zishobora kwinjira mu mubiri wawe zinyuze mu ruhu rwawe.

• Strongyloides (cyangwa strongyloidiasis): Izi nzoka zandura binyuze mu gukora ku butaka bwanduye. Zishobora kuribwa mu kanwa, cyangwa zigashobora kwinjira mu ruhu iyo umuntu agenda inkweto. Bitandukanye n'izindi nzoka zo mu bwoko bwa helminth, Strongyloides ishobora no kororoka mu mubiri w'umuntu.

• Inzoka zo mu bwoko bwa Taenic (cyangwa Taeniasis): Izi nzoka zifite umubiri umeze nk'agapira, zigabanyemo ibice. Ziba mu myanya y'igogora y'abantu n'inyamaswa (ingurube, inka, amafi). Iyo uriye ingurube, inyama z'inka, cyangwa amafi adatetse neza, ushobora kurya amagi cyangwa udukoko. Cyangwa, ushobora kwandura inzoka zo mu bwoko bwa Taenic face ukoze ku gace karimo amagi ukayashyira mu kanwa.

• Trichinella (cyangwa trichinosis): Trichinella yandura mu buryo nk'ubw'inzoka zo mu bwoko bwa tapeworms. Iyi nzoka y'umuzunguruko yandura no kurya inyama mbisi cyangwa zitatetse neza z'inyamaswa yanduye (akenshi ingurube).

• Flukes: Izi ndwara z’inzoka zo mu nda zishobora kwanduzwa no kunywa amazi yanduye cyangwa kurya ibimera cyangwa amafi yo mu mazi yanduye. Ubwoko bw’indwara ziba mu mara yacu burimo Fasciolopsis buski (itera fasciolopsiasis) na Heterophyes (itera heterophysisis).

Utunyabuzima dufite utunyangingo twinshi (`Protozoa`)

Kimwe n’uturemangingo tw’uturemangingo, utu tunyabuzima dufite akaremangingo kamwe kitwa protozoa twandura iyo habayeho no kurya amagi make cyane. Akenshi twandura binyuze mu mazi yanduye cyangwa imbuto n’imboga byanduye. Ariko, protozoa ishobora no kororoka mu mubiri w’umuntu.

Dore bumwe mu bwoko bwa protozoa bukunze kugaragara:

• Giardia (`Giardia` - ibi bitera indwara ya `giardiasis`)
• Entamoeba histolytica (itera amibe)
• Cyclospora (`Cyclospora` - ibi bitera `cyclosporiasis`)
• Cryptosporidium (`Cryptosporidium` - ibi bitera `cryptosporidiosis`)
• Ubwoko bwa Blastocystis (`ubwoko bwa Blastocystis` - ibi bitera `Blastocystosis`)
• Cystoisospora belli (itera cystoisosporiasis)

Ni iyihe parasite ikunze kugaragara cyane?

Nk’uko bivugwa n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS), hafi 25% by’abatuye isi bafite ubwandu bw’udukoko two mu mara. Iyi mibare iri hejuru ya 50% mu turere dushyuha n’utwo mu turere dushyuha, aho amazi meza n’isuku ari bike. Ubwandu bw’udukoko two mu mara bukunze kugaragara ku isi ni ubwandu bw’inzoka zo mu nda (ascariasis). Bufata abantu bagera kuri miliyari imwe ku isi.

Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, indwara za protozoa zikunze kugaragara cyane ni iziterwa n’udukoko twa Giardia. Inyoni zo mu mara ni zo zikunze kugaragara cyane muri ako gace. Izi ndwara zishobora no kugaragara mu gihugu cyacu ku rugero ruto, cyane cyane mu bice aho isuku idakenewe cyane.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'izi ndwara zandurira mu mitsi?

Hari ubwandu butigaragaza, bityo ushobora no kutamenya ko ufite parasite. Iyo ibimenyetso bigaragaye, bizaterwa n'ubwoko bw'parasite wanduye.

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe by'udukoko two mu mara ni ibi bikurikira:

• Impiswi - kwituma mu myanya ndangagitsina idakora neza
• Ububabare bwo mu nda
• Ububabare bwa gaze na gaze
• Kubyimba inda - kubyimba inda
• Isesemi no kuruka
• Kuryarya mu kibuno ( cyane cyane bitewe n'inzoka zo mu kibuno)

Ese izi ndwara zituruka mu mwanda? Ese zishobora kugaragara mu musarani?

Ubusanzwe, amagi y'inzoka zo mu bwoko bwa parasites asohokana n'umwanda, ariko inzoka ubwazo ntizisohoka kenshi. Amagi ni mato cyane ku buryo agomba kubonwa hakoreshejwe mikorosikopi.

Ariko, inzoka zo mu bwoko bwa tapeworm ziratandukanye gato. Hari igihe ibice by'umubiri bya tapeworm, hamwe n'amagi, bishobora gusohoka mu musego. Hanyuma uzabona uduce duto mu musarani tumeze nk'udutete tw'umuceri wera dufatanye n'umusego.

Izi ndwara zandurira mu mitsi zibaho gute?

Uburyo udukoko twandura bushobora gutandukana bitewe n’udukoko. Ariko, abantu benshi bandura udukoko two mu mara banywa amagi y’udukoko twambukiranya umwanda. Ayo magi ni mato cyane ku buryo ushobora kutamenya ko uyamira.

Dore uburyo bumwe na bumwe ushobora kwandura indwara ziterwa n’udukoko two mu mara:

• Kunywa amazi yanduye: Amazi yo kunywa ya leta n'ay'abantu ku giti cyabo, pisine, imigezi, ibiyaga, n'ibindi.
• Kurya ibiryo byanduye: Kurya imboga n'imbuto byogejwe mu mazi yanduye, cyangwa kurya ibintu byatewe mu butaka bwanduye. Bishobora kandi kwandura no kurya inyama mbisi cyangwa zitatetse neza n'amafi arimo udukoko.
• Gushyira intoki mu kanwa: Amagi amwe y’udukoko ashobora kubaho ku buso butandukanye igihe runaka. Ushobora kwandura iyo ukoze ku buso nk’ubwo hanyuma ugashyira ikiganza mu kanwa. Bitewe n’udukoko, ubu buso bushobora kuba burimo ibiryamirwa, ubwoya bw’amatungo, ndetse n’uruhu rw’umuntu.
• Kugenda nta mwamba mu butaka bwanduye: Udukoko tw'inzoka zimwe na zimwe zo mu mara dushobora kwinjira mu mubiri wawe binyuze mu ruhu rwawe niba ugenda nta mwamba mu butaka aho batuye.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kugira ibi?

Ibyago byawe byo kwandura indwara iterwa n'udukoko (no kuyikwirakwiza ku wundi muntu) biterwa n'aho utuye n'imyitwarire yawe ya buri munsi.

Kwandura indwara bikunze kugaragara ahantu nk'aha:

• Uduce dufite ikirere gishyushye kandi gikonje: cyane cyane uturere dushyuha n'utwo muri tropike, nka Afurika yo munsi ya Sahara, Aziya, Amerika y'Epfo, na Karayibe. (Inyoni ya `Strongyloides` ikunze kugaragara cyane mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no mu byaro bya Appalachian.)
• Ahantu hafite amazi meza make.
• Ahantu hatari ibikoresho by'isuku rusange bihagije.
• Ahantu abantu benshi baba bateraniye hamwe.
• Ahantu abantu batuye hafi y'amatungo yo mu rugo.

Izi ngeso zishobora kongera ibyago byawe:

• Kwiyuhagira ku mugaragaro (kubera kutagira ibikoresho by’isuku rusange bihagije).
• Gukoresha amase y'abantu nk'ifumbire.
• Gutembera hanze nta inkweto za sandali ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa n'akaga.
• Gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina mu kanwa no mu kibuno cyangwa mu gitsina nta rukingo mu gace gafite ibyago byinshi.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa n'indwara zandurira mu mitsi?

Iyo ufite umutwaro munini w’udukoko twa parasite, ushobora kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye. Iyo ufite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri budakomeye cyangwa utwite , uba uri mu kaga gakomeye. Bitewe n’udukoko twa parasite, iyo tutivuwe, ingaruka nka:

• Kubura amazi mu mubiri ( biterwa no gucibwamo cyane)
• Imirire mibi
• Kubura amaraso mu mubiri bitewe no kubura icyuma
• Kuziba amara
• Appendicitis
• Gufata mu mara (gufata mu mara)
• Cholangitis
• Kolecystite
• Pancreatite
• Peritonite (ubwandu bw'inda)
• Indwara y'amacandwe
• Gutemba kw'impyiko
• Kwangirika kw'ingingo z'imbere (niba inzoka y'umuyoboro ijya mu bwonko, amaso, umutima, ibihaha, cyangwa umwijima)

Ubamenya ute neza neza?

Muganga wawe azakubaza ibimenyetso byawe kandi agukorere isuzuma ry’umubiri. Hanyuma, azakora ibizamini by’umwanda kugira ngo arebe niba nta magi y’udukoko ari mu mwanda wawe. Akenshi, ni byo byonyine bikenewe.

Ibindi bizamini byo gusuzuma indwara ni ibi bikurikira:

• Ikizamini cya kaseti ya Scotch™: Iki kizamini gishobora kugufasha kumenya niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe afite inzoka zo mu nda. Agace k'ikaseti gafata kashyirwa hafi y'inkari yawe hanyuma amagi yose ashobora kuba ahari agafatwa. Hanyuma muganga areba kaseti akoresheje mikorosikopi kugira ngo arebe niba hari amagi.
• Ibizamini by'amaraso: Ibizamini by'amaraso bishobora kwerekana niba ufite umubare muto w'uturemangingo dutukura (anemia) cyangwa umubare munini wa eosinophils, ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera. Ibi bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa na parasites. Hari ibipimo bigaragaza ibintu byitwa antigens cyangwa antibody. Izi poroteyine nto zishobora kwerekana ko hari parasites.
• Ibizamini byo gufata amashusho: Muganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka gukorerwa X-ray, ultrasound, MRI (imaging magnetic resonance imaging), cyangwa CT scan (computed tomography scan) kugira ngo arebe niba hari inzoka zikuze mu mara yawe.
• Colonoscopy: Iki kizamini gishobora kwerekana ibyangiritse mu mara yawe biterwa n'indwara zo mu mara.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ibi?

Hari ubwandu bugenda bwonyine, ariko abantu benshi bagomba gufata imiti igabanya ubukana bw’udukoko twandujwe na muganga kugira ngo bakureho udukoko two mu mara. Iyi miti ikora mu gutuma udukoko duto duto ducika intege, ikabuza gukura kwatwo, cyangwa ikica udukoko cyangwa amagi yatwo. Imiti runaka ukeneye izaterwa n’udukoko ufite n’ubukana bw’ibimenyetso byawe.

Imwe mu miti ikoreshwa cyane yo kurwanya udukoko:

• Kuri pinworms: `Pyrantel pamoate`
• Ku nzoka zo mu mara zikomoka mu butaka: `Mebendazole` cyangwa `albendazole`
• Ku ndwara za protozoal: `Metronidazole`, `tinidazole` cyangwa `trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)`

Bitewe n'umuti, ushobora gusabwa gufata doze imwe gusa kugira ngo ukize ubwandu. Indi miti ishobora gukenera gufatwa rimwe cyangwa inshuro nyinshi ku munsi, kuva ku minsi itatu kugeza ku byumweru bitatu. Imwe, nk'imiti yo gukuraho inzoka, isaba ikiruhuko gito mbere yuko wongera kuyifata. Ni ngombwa cyane gufata imiti yawe neza nk'uko muganga wawe abikubwiye.

Uzabona ko ibimenyetso byawe bizagabanuka nyuma y'uko umuti uvuyeho udukoko n'amagi yatwo.

Bigenda bite nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Udukoko twinshi two mu mara dupfa vuba iyo dukoresheje imiti. Iyo utwo dukoko tumaze kugenda, ibimenyetso bikunze kurangira.

Indwara zishobora kugorana gukira iyo ufite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye cyangwa niba utwite. Muri ibyo bihe, muganga azakurikirana yitonze niba uburyo bwo kuvura bukora neza kandi niba udukoko turimo kugenda.

Ni gute wakwirinda izi ndwara?

Amazi meza n'ibikoresho by'isuku ni byo bisubizo byiza byo kwirinda indwara nyinshi zo mu mara.

Ariko kandi, ushobora no kwirinda udukoko two mu mara ukoresheje ibi bikurikira:

• Nywa amazi meza. Irinde kunywa amazi yo mu biyaga, mu migezi no mu bidendezi. Niba ushidikanya ku isuku y'amazi, koresha amazi ari mu macupa.
• Karaba intoki zawe kenshi. Koresha amazi meza n'isabune irwanya udukoko kugira ngo intoki zawe zitarimo amagi ya parasite. Buri gihe karaba intoki zawe nyuma yo kuva mu bwiherero, mbere yo gutegura ibiryo, mbere yo kurya, na nyuma yo gusukura abana bato (udutambaro twanduye) cyangwa amatungo.
• Mu turere twibasiwe cyane n’indwara, jya urya imboga n’imbuto byateguwe neza gusa. Irinde kurya imboga n’imbuto mbisi niba uri mu gace gakunze kugaragaramo udukoko two mu mara. Jya urya imboga n’imbuto zogejwe n’amazi meza, zakuweho, hanyuma zitekwa.
• Ambara inkweto n'uturindantoki. Kwambara inkweto zidashyira ibirenge byawe ahagaragara bishobora gufasha kwirinda kwandura indwara za whipworm. Ambara uturindantoki niba urimo gukora ku butaka.
• Teka inyama n'amafi neza kugeza bigeze ku bushyuhe bukwiye. Teka inyama zose kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 62.8, hanyuma inyama ziseye kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 160.
• Koresha agakingirizo cyangwa agakingirizo k'amenyo mu gihe cy'imibonano kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kwandura .

Ni iki twakora iyo habayeho ubwandu?

Mu gihe ubwandu buri gukira, kora ibi bikurikira:

• Komeza kunywa amazi menshi: Nywa amazi menshi, ibinyobwa bya siporo, cyangwa umutobe kugira ngo wirinde amazi menshi.
• Kurya indyo yuzuye: Kurya ibiryo bisukuye kandi bifite intungamubiri kandi ubone intungamubiri ukeneye umunsi wose. Niba ufite ibibazo byo mu gifu, gerageza kurya amafunguro make aho kurya amafunguro menshi.
• Irinde kongera kwandura niba bishoboka:Imiti ishobora kuvura indwara zisanzweho, ariko ntishobora gukumira ubwandu bushobora kuzavuka mu gihe kizaza. Hari igihe kwiyuhagira no gukaraba ibitanda buri munsi mu gihe cyo kuvurwa (ku ndwara z'inzoka zo mu bwoko bwa pinworms) bishobora gufasha mu kwirinda kongera kwandura. Hari n'igihe kwambara inkweto n'uturindantoki igihe ukora akazi ko hanze bishobora gufasha. Fata ingamba zo kwirinda kongera kwandura indwara ziterwa n'udukoko.

Ni ibihe bihe byiza byo kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso by'udukoko two mu mara, cyane cyane niba utuye mu gace gashobora kwibasirwa n'indwara, cyangwa uherutse kujyayo, cyangwa ukeka ko ushobora kuba warariye ibiryo bidatetse neza , menya neza ko wagiye kwa muganga.

Ni ryari ugomba kujya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze (ER)?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso byo kubura amazi mu mubiri, jya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bwihuse:

• Impiswi ikomeye kandi y'amazi igaruka kenshi.
• Kuzungera.
• Urujijo rutunguranye.
• Umutwe .
• Kugabanuka k'umusaruro w'inkari cyangwa inkari z'umukara.
• Umunaniro.

Abantu benshi barwara udukoko two mu mara barya amagi y’udukoko (akunze kuboneka mu mwanda). Ibi bishobora kugutangaza. Twese dutekereza ko dufite ububasha busesuye ku byo dushyira mu kanwa. Ariko, si ko bimeze ku magi y’udukoko. Ni mato cyane ku buryo atabonwa n’amaso. Iyo ukoze amagi ku ntoki zawe, ushobora kuyakwirakwiza mu mubiri wawe wose, ku biryo, ndetse no mu kanwa kawe.

Ariko, kumenya ni ingenzi . Iyo usobanukiwe uburyo udukoko two mu mara dukwirakwira, uzatekereza kabiri ku bijyanye no kureka gukaraba intoki no kurya ibiryo bidatetse neza. Niba urwaye indwara, ntutinde kujya kwa muganga. Imiti igabanya udukoko ishobora gufasha gukuraho aba bantu batatumiwe mu mubiri wawe mbere yuko iguteza ibibazo by'ubuzima.

Amaherezo, icyo kwibuka

Udukoko two mu mara ni ikintu tudakwiye kwirengagiza, ariko natwe ntitugomba gutinya.

• Isuku ni ingenzi. Ibintu byoroshye nko gukaraba intoki neza, kunywa amazi meza, no guteka ibiryo neza bishobora kugira ingaruka nziza.
• Niba ufite ibimenyetso , ntubyirengagize. Shaka inama kwa muganga ako kanya.
• Kurikiza neza uburyo muganga aguhaye ubuvuzi .
• Sangiza aya makuru umuryango wawe n'inshuti zawe . Ubumenyi ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda.

Rero, twese tugerageze kugira ubuzima bwiza, tuzirikana ibi bintu!

` udukoko two mu mara, indwara z'inzoka, inzoka zo mu nda, indwara zandurira mu mitsi, gusuzuma umwanda, impiswi, isuku