Wifuza kumenya ibijyanye no guhumeka mu buryo bw'umwuka, byagufasha niba ufite ikibazo cyo guhumeka?

Ese wigeze wibaza uburyo twakwifashisha mu guhumeka mu gihe duhagaritse guhumeka mu buryo butunguranye, cyangwa niba turi kubagwa cyane? Ni bwo abaganga bakoresha uburyo bwitwa "Intubation." Nubwo iri jambo riteye ubwoba, mu by'ukuri rifasha kurokora ubuzima bwa benshi. Reka turebe icyo ari cyo, uko bikorwa, n'impamvu bikorwa mu buryo bworoshye.

`(Intubation)` bisobanura iki mu buryo busanzwe?

Mu magambo make, `(Intubation)` (intubation) ni igihe muganga ashyira umuyoboro muto mu muyoboro wawe w'umwuka (`(trachea)`) haba binyuze mu kanwa kawe cyangwa rimwe na rimwe binyuze mu mazuru yawe. Uyu muyoboro utuma umuyoboro wawe w'umwuka ufunguka, bityo umwuka ukabasha kwinjira byoroshye. Uyu muyoboro ushobora guhuzwa n'imashini. Iyi mashini yohereza ogisijeni cyangwa umwuka uri munsi y'umuvuduko mu bihaha byawe. Ibi tubyita `(Mechanical Ventilation)`.

Iyi "(Intubation)`` ifite andi mazina:

• Uburyo bwo gushyiramo umwuka mu kirere
• Uburyo bwo gusohora intanga mu maraso (ETT)
• Gushyiramo umuyoboro w'amaraso mu muhogo

Aya yose ni amazina y'ikintu kimwe.

Kuki ukeneye gukora ibi `(Intubation)`?

Muganga ashobora gukenera kugushyiramo imashini igabanya umwuka mu mubiri niba udashobora guhumeka neza bitewe no kuziba, kuziba, cyangwa gukomereka k'uburyo bwo guhumeka. Tekereza, mu buryo butunguranye, ugize impanuka ikomeye maze igituza n'ijosi bigakomereka, bigatuma guhumeka bigorana. Cyangwa, niba watakaje ubwenge, ntuzashobora kugenzura uburyo uhumeka. Iki ni cyo gihe bibaye ngombwa.

Hari izindi mpamvu nyinshi zo gukora `(Intubation)`:

• Niba inzira yawe y'ubuhumekero yagizweho ingaruka n'igifu cyawe, igituza, cyangwa ijosi.
• Gutakaza ubwenge (nk'igitutu) cyangwa kugabanuka k'urugero rw'ubwenge. Ibi bishobora gutuma utakaza ubushobozi bwo guhumeka.
• Niba ugomba kubagwa bikomeye aho udashobora guhumeka wenyine. Ubusanzwe, iyo duhawe ikinya, biratugora guhumeka ubwacu.
• Kunanirwa guhumeka. Ibi bivuze ko ibihaha byawe bihagarika gukora neza.
• Ingaruka zo guhumeka ibiryo, kuruka, n'amaraso mu bihaha (aspiration) .
• Iyo ikintu gifashe mu nzira y'ubuhumekero kikabuza umwuka gutembera, byitwa ``Airway obstruction``.
• Guhagarara k'umutima bibaho iyo umutima uhagaze mu buryo butunguranye.
• Iyo guhumeka bihagaze by'agateganyo (Apnea).

Gushyiramo intubation bishobora kuba ngombwa kubera iyo mpamvu.

Ibi ni ibisanzwe gute?

Mu by’ukuri, ""(Intubation)"" ni uburyo busanzwe cyane kandi burokora ubuzima. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika honyine, hafi miliyoni 15 muri ubu buryo bukorerwa mu byumba byo kubaga buri mwaka. Byongeye kandi, ibihumbi amagana muri bwo bikorwa mu bihe byihutirwa. Bityo ushobora kwiyumvisha inshuro ibi bikorwa. Bikorwa kandi buri gihe muri Sri Lanka.

Ni iki mu by'ukuri kibaho iyo hakozwe intubation yo mu nda ibyara?

Akenshi, iyi "(Intubation)" ikorerwa mu bitaro. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe, abakozi ba serivisi zihutirwa ('EMS)') bayikorera hanze y'ibitaro.

Dore uko ibi bikorwa ubusanzwe:

1. Ubwa mbere, agashinge gato k'imitsi (IV) gashyirwa mu mutsi uri mu kuboko kwawe hanyuma ugahabwa umuti ugabanya ububabare binyuze muri wo kugira ngo usinzire kandi ntugire ububabare.

2. Hanyuma agapfukamunwa ka ogisijeni kazashyirwa ku mazuru no mu kanwa kugira ngo umubiri wawe uhabwe ogisijeni yiyongereye.

3. Umutwe wawe uzasubira inyuma gato hanyuma igikoresho cyitwa "laryngoscope" kizinjizwe mu kanwa kawe (kandi rimwe na rimwe kikanyura mu mazuru yawe bibaye ngombwa). "laryngoscope" ifite umukingo, urumuri, n'icyuma kidakomeye. Ibi bifasha umuganga kubona aho "umuyoboro w'imiyoboro" uherereye neza.

4. Hanyuma, ``(laryngoscope)`` ifatwa kuva imbere mu kanwa kugera inyuma, yitonze kugira ngo idakubita amenyo.

5. Agahu k'uruti (epiglottis) kamanitse inyuma y'umunwa wawe karazamuka kugira ngo karinde agasanduku k'ijwi (larynx).

6. Agace k'umuyoboro wa `(Laryngoscope)` kanyuzwa muri `(Larynx)` yawe kakajya muri `(Trachea)` yawe (umuyoboro w'umuyaga).

7. Hanyuma, agakoresho gato kameze nk'agapira gashyirwamo umwuka hafi y'umuyoboro w'amaraso. Ibi bituma umuyoboro utinjira mu muyoboro w'amaraso, kandi umwuka wose utangwa unyuze muri uwo muyoboro ukajya mu bihaha.

8. Noneho kuraho `(Laryngoscope)`.

9. Kugira ngo wirinde ko umuyoboro wo guhumeka utembera inyuma no inyuma, hashyirwaho plaster ku mpande zombi z'umunwa cyangwa hagashyirwaho umukandara ukikije umutwe.

10. Hanyuma, hafatwa X-ray kugira ngo harebwe ko umuyoboro uri mu mwanya ukwiye, cyangwa agakapu gakoreshwa mu kohereza umwuka muri uwo muyoboro no kumva amajwi ava mu bihaha.

Ibi bizatwara igihe kingana iki?

Mu gihe cy’impanuka, umuganga ashobora gukora iki gikorwa cya "Intubation" mu gihe kitarenze umunota umwe. Iki ni ikintu gishobora gukorwa vuba cyane.

Ese nshobora kuvuga, kurya no kunywa mu gihe umuyoboro w'amazi uri mu mwanya wawo?

Oya. Ntushobora kuvuga. Kuko uyu muyoboro w'umwuka unyura mu mitsi y'ijwi ryawe. Rero nubwo wagerageza kuvuga, nta jwi risohoka.

Nanone, ntushobora kumira mu gihe umuyoboro uri mu mwanya wawo. Bityo ntushobora kurya cyangwa kunywa. Bitewe n'igihe ugomba kumara umeze utyo, abaganga baguha indyo yuzuye mu nda (indyo iterwa mu mitsi) cyangwa umunyu (amazi yo mu ruzi). Hari igihe umuyoboro muto utandukanye ushobora gushyirwamo unyuze mu kanwa cyangwa mu mazuru kugira ngo utange indyo mu gifu cyawe cyangwa mu mara mato.

Ni gute ukuramo umuyoboro? (``(Extubation)`` ni iki?)

Abaganga bamaze kubona ko nta kibazo cyo gukuramo umuyoboro, bazawukuraho. Ibi byitwa "Extubation". Dore uko bikorwa:

• Igipande cyangwa kaseti byari bifashe umuyoboro bikurwaho.
• Igikoresho cyo gukurura amazi gikuraho ibibyimba n'indi myanda mu nzira z'ubuhumekero bwawe.
• Ipuleti yuzuye umwuka iri imbere mu muyoboro w'umuyaga iragabanuka.
• Hanyuma bakubwira gufata umwuka mwinshi no gukorora cyangwa gusohora umwuka mu gihe bakuramo umuyoboro.

Umuhogo wawe (`(Pharynx)`) ushobora kuba ubabara gato mu minsi mike nyuma ya `(Extubation)`. Bishobora kandi kugorana kuvuga. Ibi ni ibisanzwe, ntugahangayike.

Ni izihe nyungu zo gukoresha intubation?

Gushyiramo intubation ni uburyo busanzwe kandi butekanye bushobora kugufasha kurokora ubuzima bwawe.

Inyungu ikomeye y'ibi ni uko bishobora kurokora ubuzima bw'umuntu ufite ikibazo cyo guhumeka. Rero, ugereranije n'izindi ngaruka nto, iki ni ikintu gifite akamaro kanini.

Ni amahirwe angahe yo kurokoka niba umuntu ahawe inshinge?

Ibi biratandukanye cyane bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye. Biterwa n'ibintu byinshi, nk'impamvu yo kwinjizwa mu cyuma, imyaka yawe, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, nibindi. Ariko ubushakashatsi bumwe bwagaragaje ko abantu bagera kuri barindwi kuri icumi binjizwa mu cyuma cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze barokoka . Ibyo rero bigaragaza uburyo bikiza ubuzima.

Ni izihe ngaruka zo gushyukwa mu cyuma gifunga imiyoboro y'amaraso (incubation)?

Nubwo muri rusange kwinjizwa mu cyuma gifunga umuntu (incubation) ari umutekano, hari ingaruka zimwe na zimwe. Ariko ibuka ko kurokora ubuzima bifite agaciro karuta izi ngaruka.

• Guhumeka : Mu gihe cyo guhumeka, kuruka, amaraso, cyangwa ibindi bintu bishobora kwinjira mu bihaha.
• Gushyiramo imiyoboro y'amaraso mu nda: Umuyoboro winjizwa mu muyoboro w'umwuka (trachea) muri imwe mu nzira ebyiri z'ingenzi z'imiyoboro y'umwuka (bronchi) iva ku muyoboro w'umwuka ijya mu bihaha.
• Gushyiramo umuyoboro w'ibiryo mu nda: Iyo umuyoboro w'ibiryo ugiye mu muyoboro w'ibiryo (esophagus) aho kujya mu muyoboro w'umwuka (trachea), bishobora kwangiza ubwonko cyangwa ndetse no gupfa iyo bidavuwe vuba na muganga.
• Kunanirwa gucunga inzira y'ubuhumekero: Niba intubation idakorwa neza, abaganga bashobora kutabasha kugufasha.
• Indwara: Indwara za bagiteri, nk'indwara za sinus, zishobora kuvuka nyuma yo gushyirwa mu cyuma.
• Ibikomere: Gushyiramo umuyoboro w'amaraso mu kanwa, amenyo, ururimi, imitsi y'ijwi, cyangwa imiyoboro y'umwuka. Ibi bikomere bishobora gutera kuva amaraso no kubyimba.
• Ibibazo iyo uvuye mu gihe cyo gusinziriza: Abantu benshi bakira neza nyuma yo gusinziriza. Ariko, bamwe bashobora kugorwa no kubyuka, cyangwa bagahura n'ibindi bibazo nko kugira umuriro, imitsi ihindagurika (hyperthermia mbi), cyangwa kwangirika kw'imitsi by'igihe gito cyangwa burundu.
• Kugwa kw'imitsi mu gituza (pulmonary pulmonary): Umwotsi ufungiye mu gituza ushobora gutuma ibihaha bigwa.

Nubwo ibi bintu bishobora kubaho, abaganga bahangayikishijwe cyane n'ibi byose.

Ni nde udashyirwamo umuyoboro w'amazi?

Hari igihe abaganga bafata icyemezo cy'uko atari byiza gushyiramo umuyoboro w'amaraso mu muyoboro w'amaraso. Ibi bishobora kubaho iyo hari ikibazo gikomeye mu nzira y'ubuhumekero, cyangwa iyo hari ikintu cyazibye gituma umuyoboro w'amaraso udashyirwamo neza.

Muri ibyo bihe, abaganga bashobora gufata icyemezo cyo kubaga mu ijosi ryo hasi kugira ngo bafungure uburyo bwo guhumeka. Ibi byitwa " tracheostomy." Ibi bikunze gukorwa iyo ukeneye gukoresha umuyoboro w'umwuka mu gihe cy'iminsi irenga mike, cyangwa niba utekereza ko ushobora kuwukoresha mu byumweru byinshi.

Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umuntu akire?

Abantu benshi bakira mu masaha make cyangwa iminsi mike nyuma yo kwinjizwa mu cyuma. Ariko, niba ufite ikibazo cyo gukorora, kumira, cyangwa kuvuga ndetse n'ibyumweru bike nyuma yo kwinjizwa mu cyuma, gana muganga. Bashobora kukwohereza kwa muganga w'inzobere mu matwi, amazuru no mu muhogo (otolaryngologist).

Ni ryari ugomba kujya kwa muganga nyuma yo kwinjizwa mu cyuma?

Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso nyuma yo kwinjizwa mu cyuma , hita ubonana na muganga:

• Kubabara mu gatuza
• Guhumeka bigoranye, nko kubura umwuka
• Ingorane cyangwa kutabasha kuvuga cyangwa kumira
• Kubabara cyane mu muhogo
• Kubyimba mu maso

Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi, bwira muganga.

Gukoresha intanga mu muyoboro w'amaraso bingana iki?

Ibi biterwa n'impamvu ugomba kubagwa `(Intubation)`. Hari igihe abaganga bakoresha `(Intubation)` mu gihe cyo kubagwa giteganyijwe. Ntabwo ari ikibazo gikomeye. Ariko mu gihe cyihutirwa, iyo udashobora guhumeka wenyine, iyo `(Intubation)` ikozwe nk'ingamba zo kurokora ubuzima, ni ikibazo gikomeye cyane.

Ese "gushyiramo umwuka" na "gushyiramo umwuka" ni ibintu bitandukanye?

``(Intubation)`` na ``(Mechanical Ventilation)`` bifitanye isano. Ariko ntabwo ari bimwe neza.

• Gushyiramo umuyoboro w'umwuka mu cyuma ni uburyo bwo gushyiramo umuyoboro w'umwuka mu nzira y'ubuhumekero.
• Hanyuma muganga ahuza umuyoboro n'igikoresho gikoreshwa mu guhumeka. Iki gikoresho gishobora kuba agakapu gafata mu ntoki gatuma umwuka uhumeka, cyangwa kikaba ari icyuma gihumeka.
• Imashini ihumeka umwuka ni imashini ipompa umwuka wa ogisijeni mu myanya y'ubuhumekero no mu bihaha. Hari igihe imashini ihumeka umwuka ikoresheje agapfukamunwa kawutwikira mu maso aho kuwunyuza mu muyoboro.

Urabyumva? Akenshi, icyuma gifasha guhumeka kiba gihujwe nyuma yo "guhumeka".

`(Nasotracheal intubation)` ni iki?

Aha niho abaganga bashyiramo umuyoboro w'ubuhumekero unyuze mu mazuru yawe. Ibi bikunze gukoreshwa iyo uri kubagwa umutwe, umunwa, cyangwa ijosi. Binafasha kwirinda ko ijosi cyangwa umuyoboro w'umuyaga byangirika.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Igitekerezo cy'uko umuganga agushyiramo umuyoboro mu muhogo gishobora gutera ubwoba. Ariko uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ya "intubation" ni uburyo bukunze gukorwa mu byumba byo kubaga no mu byumba byihutirwa kugira ngo bugufashe kurokora ubuzima bwawe niba udashobora guhumeka. Abantu benshi bagira ububabare mu muhogo cyangwa ingorane zo kuvuga nyuma yaho. Ariko izo ngaruka mbi zikunze gushira mu cyumweru kimwe. Rero, wizera abaganga bawe. Bahora bagerageza gukora icyakugirira akamaro.

Gushyiramo imashini ihumeka, guhumeka, ubuvuzi bwihutirwa, ubufasha mu guhumeka, guhumeka, kubaga, tracheostomy