Reka twige ku ndwara ya Lynch Syndrome, yongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri.

Ese wigeze wumva ijambo "Lynch Syndrome"? Iri rishobora kuba ari ijambo rishya kuri wewe. Ariko ni ngombwa ko twese tumenya. Muri make, Lynch Syndrome ni indwara yongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri bitewe n'impinduka zimwe na zimwe mu turemangingo twacu. By'umwihariko, yongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri mbere y'imyaka 50. Reka tubiganireho mu buryo burambuye, si byo se?

Lynch Syndrome ni iki mu by'ukuri? Ni nde uyirwara?

Indwara ya Lynch ni indwara y’uturemangingo ivukanwa . Ni ukuvuga ko iterwa n’impinduka mu turemangingo mu turemangingo dukomoka kuri ba nyina cyangwa ba data. Tekereza ko iyo uturemangingo twigabanyijemo ibice, hari igihe hashobora kubaho amakosa mato. Imibiri yacu ifite uturemangingo twihariye dusuzuma kandi tugakosora ayo makosa. Ayo makosa yitwa 'Mismatch Repair genes' (MMR genes). Umuntu ufite Lynch syndrome afite inenge muri imwe cyangwa nyinshi muri izi 'MMR'. Hanyuma, andi makosa ntashobora gukosorwa iyo utwo turemangingo twigabanyijemo ibice. Utwo turemangingo twangiritse twiyongeranya tugahinduka kanseri .

Ibi bishobora kuba kuri buri wese. Kubera ko ari imiterere y’umubiri. Hari igihe, nubwo nta muntu n'umwe mu muryango wigeze agira iyi ndwara mbere, umuntu ashobora kuyirwara bitewe n’impinduka mu miterere y’umubiri. Ibi bivuze ko kuba nta mateka y’umuryango, bitavuze ko bitazabaho.

Imibare igaragara muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ivuga ko umuntu umwe kuri 279 ashobora kuba afite indwara ya Lynch syndrome. Bivugwa ko abantu bagera ku 4.000 barwaye kanseri y'inkondo y'umura n'abagera ku 1.800 barwaye kanseri y'inkondo y'umura baterwa na Lynch syndrome buri mwaka. Ni ngombwa cyane kumenya iyi ndwara no muri Sri Lanka.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara ya Lynch?

Ibimenyetso bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'uburemere bw'iyi ndwara n'ubwoko bwa kanseri iyitera. Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara bya kanseri y'inkondo y'umura birimo:

• Amaraso mu musego wawe.
• Kwihagarika impatwe .
• Kubabara mu nda cyangwa kuribwa mu nda.
• Impiswi cyangwa umwanda muto ugereranije n'ibisanzwe.
• Kumva umuntu ananiwe cyane kenshi (`Umunaniro`).
• Kumva wuzuye cyangwa ubyimbye.
• Isesemi cyangwa kuruka.

Icy'ingenzi ni uko hari abantu bashobora kutagaragaza ibimenyetso kugeza igihe kanseri igeze kure cyane. Kubwibyo, niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, ugomba guhita ubonana na muganga .

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa kanseri bushobora guterwa na Lynch syndrome?

Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku ngingo nyinshi z'umubiri. Dore ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri bushobora guterwa na Lynch syndrome:

• Kanseri y'ubwonko
• Kanseri y'urura runini n'iy'urura runini - Iyi ni yo nkuru.
• Kanseri y'umusatsi
• Kanseri y'umwijima
• Kanseri y'intanga ngore
• Kanseri y'impyiko
• Kanseri ya porositate
• Kanseri y'uruhu
• Kanseri y'amara mato
• Kanseri y'igifu
• Kanseri yo mu gice cyo hejuru cy'inkari
• Kanseri yo mu nda (endometrial) - Ubundi bwoko bwa kanseri ikunze kwibasira abagore.

Impinduka gene (`gene`) ibonekamo ni yo igaragaza urugingo rufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri. Hari gene eshanu z'ingenzi zifitanye isano na Lynch syndrome. Izo ni: `MLH1`, `MSH2`, `MSH6`, `PMS2` na `EPCAM`.

Kanseri y'inkondo y'umura iterwa na Lynch syndrome ishobora kugaragara mbere y'igihe (mu mwaka 1-2) kurusha mu baturage muri rusange. Ubusanzwe bifata imyaka 10 kugira ngo kanseri y'inkondo y'umura igaragare. Nanone, umuntu warwaye kanseri y'inkondo y'umura aba afite ibyago byinshi byo kongera kurwara kanseri . Hari ibyago bigera kuri 15% mu myaka 10 nyuma yo kubagwa kanseri ya mbere, ibyago bigera kuri 40% mu myaka 20, na ibyago bigera kuri 60% nyuma y'imyaka 30.

Ni iki gitera indwara ya Lynch?

Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, impamvu nyamukuru y'ibi ni ihinduka ry'uturemangingo muri imwe cyangwa nyinshi muri jeni eshanu zikosora amakosa muri ADN yacu ("gene yo gusana idahuye" cyangwa "gene ya MMR"). Izo jeni eshanu ni izi:

• `MLH1`
• `MSH2`
• `MSH6`
• `PMS2`
• `EPCAM`

Niba ufite indwara ya Lynch syndrome, uturemangingo twa 'MMR' ntabwo tubona amabwiriza akenewe kugira ngo dukureho uturemangingo twangiritse. Hanyuma utwo turemangingo twangiritse twirundanya mu turemangingo tugatera kanseri.

Ibi biva mu bisekuruza bijya mu bindi?

Indwara ya Lynch ni indwara ya "autosomal dominant". Mu magambo make, nubwo umubyeyi umwe gusa yaba afite gene yahinduwe, umwana ashobora kuyiragwa . Ibi bivuze ko hari amahirwe angana na 50% ko umwana na we azayirwara.

Niba waranduye indwara ya Lynch syndrome, ni ngombwa kumenyesha abagize umuryango wawe no kubashishikariza gushaka inama ku bijyanye n’imiterere y’umubiri . Ubujyanama ku imiterere y’umubiri bushobora kugufasha wowe n’umuryango wawe gusobanukirwa indwara n’ibyago byo kuba umwana wawe yayikuramo. Gupima imiterere y’umubiri bishobora no gukorwa kugira ngo harebwe niba ufite imiterere y’imiterere y’umubiri ya Lynch syndrome.

Indwara ya Lynch ipimwa ite?

Muganga wawe ashobora gusuzuma indwara ya Lynch binyuze mu gupima umwana utwite no gupima imiterere y’umubiri. Gupima imiterere y’umubiri bishobora no gukorwa nyuma yuko umwana avutse.

Ikizamini cy’uturemangingo gikubiyemo gufata ikizamini cy’amaraso cyangwa agapira ko mu bwoko bwa buccal swab kugira ngo harebwe niba hari impinduka mu turemangingo twavuzwe haruguru `MLH1`, `MSH2`, `MSH6`, `PMS2` cyangwa `EPCAM`. Iyo ikizamini cy’uturemangingo cyemeza ko hari impinduka nk’izo, muganga azasuzuma indwara ya Lynch syndrome.

Ni ibihe bipimo bikoreshwa mu gupima kanseri zijyanye na Lynch syndrome?

Iyo usanzwe urwaye indwara ya Lynch syndrome, muganga wawe akunze kukugira inama yo gupima kanseri inshuro nyinshi. Ibipimo bikunze kugaragara ni ibi bikurikira:

• Colonoscopy: Ibi bikubiyemo gushyiramo umuyoboro (scope) ufite kamera inyujijwe mu kibuno kugira ngo basuzume imbere mu mara manini no mu nda. Ibi bikorwa rimwe mu mwaka cyangwa buri myaka ibiri.
• Ultrasound ya Transvaginal: Igikoresho gito (probe) gishyirwa mu gitsina kugira ngo gisuzume intanga ngabo n'umura. Ibi kandi bigirwa inama rimwe cyangwa kabiri mu mwaka.
• Isuzuma ry'inkari: Icyitegererezo cy'inkari zawe gifatwa kugira ngo harebwe ibintu nk'ibibyimba by'impyiko. Ibi bikorwa rimwe mu mwaka.
• Isuzuma ry’ikibyimba: Niba muganga wawe akeka ko ufite ikibyimba ahantu runaka mu mubiri wawe, azafata agace gato kacyo akagapima muri laboratwari kugira ngo arebe niba kirimo uturemangingo twa kanseri.
• Gupima kanseri yo mu gifu no mu mara mato: Uburyo bukoresha umuyoboro muto woroshye (scope) cyangwa kamera ntoya (umuyoboro muto woroshye umirwa nk'ikinini) kugira ngo harebwe kanseri yo mu gifu no mu mara mato. Ushobora gusabwa kubikora buri myaka itatu kugeza kuri itanu.

Indwara ya Lynch ivurwa ite?

Ikintu cy'ingenzi mu kuvura indwara ya Lynch syndrome ni ukumenya indwara ya kanseri hakiri kare no kuyikuraho kubagwa . Ibi bivuze ko ugomba kwisuzumisha buri gihe no kuyifata hakiri kare, niba ihari.

Ni nde uvura ibi?

Ni byiza gushaka ubuvuzi bw'itsinda ry'abaganga b'inzobere ku ndwara nk'iyi.Kubera ko indwara ya Lynch ishobora kugira ingaruka ku ngingo nyinshi z’umubiri, itsinda rishinzwe kuvura rishobora kuba rigizwe n’inzobere zitandukanye, harimo abaganga b’indwara zo mu nda, abaganga babaga, abaganga b’indwara za kanseri z’abagore, abaganga b’inzobere mu kuvura indwara z’uruhu, abaganga b’indwara z’uruhu, abaganga b’indwara z’abagore, abaganga b’inzobere mu kuvura indwara z’uruhu, abahanga mu kuvura indwara z’uruhu, n’abaganga b’inzobere mu kuvura indwara z’uruhu.

Ese kanseri ishobora kugaruka nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Yego, nubwo kanseri yakurwaho mu buryo bwo kubaga, hari amahirwe ko kanseri yagaruka . Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa gukomeza gupimwa.

Bamwe mu bantu bafite indwara ya Lynch syndrome, kubera ko bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri, bahitamo kubagwa kugira ngo bakuremo nyababyeyi (hysterectomy), ovaries (oophorectomy), cyangwa igice cy'amara (colectomy cyangwa reseption recol reseption) hakiri kare. Iki ni icyemezo cy'umuntu ku giti cye, kandi kigomba gufatwa ku nama za muganga.

Ese indwara ya Lynch ishobora kwirindwa?

Ikibabaje ni uko indwara ya Lynch syndrome ari indwara iterwa n’uturemangingo, bityo ntishobora kwirindwa burundu . Ariko, abantu barwaye indwara ya Lynch syndrome bashobora gupimwa kanseri mu buzima bwabo bwose, guhera mu myaka y’ubukure, kugira ngo kanseri ibashe kumenyekana hakiri kare niba igaragaye .

Bigenda bite uramutse urwaye indwara ya Lynch? Ni iki wakwitega?

Kugeza ubu nta muti uhari wa Lynch syndrome. Ariko, umusaruro mwiza uboneka iyo kanseri ibonetse ikakurwaho hakiri kare, mbere yuko ikwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri . Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane ko abantu barwaye Lynch syndrome bakora ibizamini byo gupimwa buri mwaka, nka colonoscopy.

Ese indwara ya Lynch izatera ibibyimba mu mara yanjye?

Abantu barwaye indwara ya Lynch syndrome bashobora kurwara 'adenomas' nyinshi, ubwoko bw'ibibyimba bitari kanseri mu mara cyangwa mu nda yabo. Iyo izi 'polyps' zitabonetse kandi zikavanwaho, zishobora kuba kanseri. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa kugira colonoscopy buri gihe kugira ngo barebe niba zihari kandi bazikureho niba zihari.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ufite indwara ya Lynch, ni ngombwa ko ujya kwisuzumisha buri mwaka no gupimwa buri gihe .

Niba ubonye ibibyimba, uduce dushya tw’umubiri, cyangwa impinduka z’uruhu aho ari ho hose ku mubiri wawe, jya kwa muganga vuba kuko ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso bya kanseri.

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

• Ni kangahe nkwiye gupimwa kanseri?
• Iki kibyimba kiri kuri kanseri y'uruhu rwanjye?
• Ni iyihe mpinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo mfite?
• Ese nshobora gupimwa imiterere y'umubiri mbere yo guteganya gutwita?

Ese Lynch Syndrome na HNPCC ni kimwe?

Indwara ya Lynch na ``Heroditary Non-Polposis Colorectal Cancer`` (``HNPCC``) rimwe na rimwe bikoreshwa mu buryo bumwe mu gusobanura indwara imwe. Ariko, hari itandukaniro rito hagati y’ibyo byombi mu buryo bihererekanywa mu bisekuruza.

Indwara ya Lynch iterwa n'impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo ya `MMR`. Impinduka imwe mu ngirabuzimafatizo inagira ingaruka ku bantu bafite `HNPCC`. Ariko, izina `HNPCC` ritangwa iyo iyi ndwara ibayeho mu muryango . Ibyo bivuze ko `HNPCC` ihora ivuka mu bisekuruza bitandukanye. Indwara ya Lynch rimwe na rimwe ishobora kubaho nta muntu n'umwe mu muryango uyirwaye, kandi ishobora no kubaho bitewe n'impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo. Niyo mpamvu izina Lynch syndrome ubu rikoreshwa cyane.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Nta muntu ukunda kumva amagambo agira ati “Urwaye kanseri.” Iyo umenye ko ufite indwara ya Lynch syndrome, ushobora kumva ayo magambo aturutse kwa muganga wawe. Ariko si ngombwa ko biba ari bibi.

Iyo umaze gufatwa na Lynch syndrome, muganga wawe azakorana nawe gutegura gahunda yo gupima kanseri buri gihe kugira ngo bigufashe kubona kanseri hakiri kare. Kuyimenya no kuyivura hakiri kare ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kongera amahirwe yo kubaho . Hanyuma ushobora kubaho ubuzima bwiza kandi bushimishije.

Bityo rero, aho kugira ubwoba bw'aya makuru, menya neza, shaka inama kwa muganga nibiba ngombwa, kandi ugerageze kubaho ubuzima bwiza . Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite iyi ndwara, ni ngombwa cyane kumubwira ibi.

` Lynch syndrome, HNPCC, kanseri, impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo, indwara z'uruhererekane, kanseri y'amara, kanseri y'umura