Ni ibisanzwe kumva uremerewe, uhangayitse, cyangwa ufite ubwoba iyo wumvise ko umuntu ukunda uri mu cyumba cy’indembe (ICU) yashyizwe ku 'mashini ifasha guhumeka'. Ubwoba bwinshi bukunze guterwa n’ibintu bitazwi. Mu by’ukuri, iyi mashini ni igikoresho cy’agaciro mu rugamba rwo kurokora ubuzima. Muri Nirogi Lanka, turashaka kugufasha gusobanukirwa icyo 'mashini ifasha guhumeka'—cyangwa icyo abaganga bita 'Mechanical Ventilation'—ari cyo n’uko ikora, bisobanurwa mu magambo yoroshye kandi asobanutse.
Mu magambo make, icyuma gifasha guhumeka ni iki?
Imashini ifasha guhumeka neza iyo udashobora guhumeka neza wenyine. Tekereza nko gukoresha inkoni ku kuguru kwavunitse; nk'uko inkoni zifasha uburemere bwawe kugira ngo zigufashe kugenda, imashini ifasha guhumeka mu bihaha byawe ifata igice cyangwa imirimo yose yo guhumeka.
Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, imashini ifasha guhumeka si umuti w'indwara. Ni uburyo bwo gufasha umuntu kubaho . Ikora kugira ngo itume imikorere y'ubuhumekero irushaho kuba myiza mu gihe ubundi buryo bwo kuvura n'imiti bifasha umubiri wawe gukira.
Mbere na mbere, icyuma gihumeka gikora imirimo ikurikira:
- Itanga umwuka wa ogisijeni umubiri wawe ukeneye mu bihaha byawe.
- Bifasha gukuraho gaze karubone nyinshi, imyuka ihumanya, mu mubiri wawe.
- Itanga umuvuduko ukenewe kugira ngo udusaho duto tw'umwuka mu bihaha byawe (alveoli) dukomeze gufungura no gukora neza.
Abaganga bawe bashobora guhindura imiterere y'imashini bitewe n'ibyo ukeneye mu buvuzi.
Ese Gushyiramo umwuka mu cyuma (Intubation) no Gushyiramo umwuka mu cyuma (Entilation) ni bimwe?
Oya. Iki ni ikintu gikunze kugaragara mu rujijo. Nubwo akenshi biba hamwe, ni inzira ebyiri zitandukanye.
- Gushyiramo umuyoboro w'amaraso mu kanwa: Ubu ni uburyo bwo kwa muganga aho umuyoboro w'amaraso unyura mu kanwa kawe ukawushyira mu muyoboro w'umwuka (trachea).
- Guhumeka hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga: Ibi bivuga igikorwa cyo guhuza uwo muyoboro n'icyuma gihumeka kugira ngo bigufashe guhumeka.
Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, guhumeka bishobora no gutangwa binyuze mu gapfukamunwa gafata neza mu maso, hatabayeho gukoresha umuyoboro utera umwuka.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ubuhumekero?
Akamashini gafasha guhumeka kagufasha gusunika umwuka mu bihaha byawe gakoresheje umuvuduko mwiza. Ibi bishobora kugerwaho mu buryo bubiri bw'ingenzi. Twabisobanuye muri make hano kugira ngo byoroshye kubisobanukirwa.
| Ubwoko bw'ingufu zo guhumeka | Ibisobanuro byoroshye |
|---|---|
| Guhumeka mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga | Ubu buryo burimo gushyira umuyoboro mu nzira y'ubuhumekero. Uyu muyoboro unyura mu kanwa kawe (intubation) cyangwa unyuze mu kubagwa gato mu ijosi (tracheostomy) ugahuzwa n'icyuma gihumeka. |
| Guhumeka bidakoresha imbaraga nyinshi | Muri ubu buryo, agapfukamunwa gashyirwa ku maso yawe neza kandi gahuzwa n'icyuma gihumeka kugira ngo umwuka winjire mu bihaha byawe. Ibikoresho nka CPAP cyangwa BiPAP®, bikunze gukoreshwa no mu rugo, biri muri iki cyiciro. |
Ni nde ukeneye ubufasha bw'icyuma gifasha guhumeka?
Umufasha guhumeka ashobora gukenerwa igihe cyose udashobora guhumeka neza wenyine. Ibintu bikunze kubaho birimo:
- Mu gihe cyo kubaga: Imiti isanzwe yo gusinziriza ishobora kugabanya guhumeka kwawe. Imashini ifasha guhumeka neza kandi mu buryo buhamye mu gihe cyose cyo kubaga.
- Indwara cyangwa indwara zikomeye zo mu bihaha: Indwara nka pneumonia, COVID-19, indwara y’ubuhumekero ikabije (ARDS), cyangwa indwara z’ibihaha zidakira nka COPD.
- Ibibazo byihutirwa: Niba inzira z'ubuhumekero bwawe zarazibye cyangwa guhumeka bikananirwa bitewe n'ihungabana cyangwa ibibazo by'ubuvuzi, urugero nko gucika intege cyane.
- Ibikomere byo mu bwonko: Indwara nk'indwara yo mu bwonko cyangwa koma zishobora kwangiza ibimenyetso by'ubwonko bibwira ibihaha byawe guhumeka.
- Kudahuza kw'umwuka: Iyo ufite urugero rubi rwa dioxyde de carbone (hypercapnia) cyangwa ogisijeni nkeya (hypoxemia) mu maraso yawe.
- Kurinda guhumeka: Kurinda ibiryo, amacandwe, cyangwa amazi kwinjira mu bihaha byawe mu gihe usinziriye cyane ku buryo udashobora kurinda uburyo bwawe bwo guhumeka.
Ni iki kibaho iyo uri kuri ventilator?
Kubera ko ukeneye kwitabwaho buri gihe kandi witonze, ubusanzwe uzitabwaho mu cyumba cy’indembe (ICU) n’itsinda ryihariye ry’abaganga, abaforomo, n’abavuzi b’indwara zo mu myanya y’ubuhumekero.
Gukurikirana
Ushobora kubona imashini nyinshi zikurikiyeho. Izi mashini zihora zigenzura umuvuduko w'amaraso yawe, umuvuduko w'umutima, umuvuduko wo guhumeka, n'umuvuduko wa ogisijeni. Uzahabwa kandi imashini za X-ray zo mu gituza zisanzwe n'ibizamini by'amaraso.
Gukuramo
Kugira ngo umwuka wawe uhumeke neza, itsinda ry’abaforomo rizajya rikoresha umuyoboro muto (catheter) kugira ngo rikuremo amatembabuzi menshi. Ibi bishobora gutuma ukorora. Nubwo ibi bishobora kugaragara nk'ibidashimishije ku bakunzi, ni ingenzi mu gutuma umwuka wawe uhumeka uhora usukuye kandi wirinde kwandura.
Imiti, Imirire, n'Isuku
Imiti imwe n'imwe ishobora gutangwa mu bihaha byawe binyuze mu muyoboro w'umwuka (ufite aerosol). Kubera ko udashobora kurya, uzahabwa intungamubiri z'amazi binyuze mu muyoboro wa nasogastric (umuyoboro unyura mu mazuru ukagera mu nda). Amavuta akenewe atangwa mu mitsi.
Uri maso?
Intego yacu ni ukugukomeza umerewe neza, utuje kandi uri maso uko bishoboka kose. Ariko, bitewe n'uko umerewe, dushobora gukenera kugukomeza mu gihe cyo kuruhuka cyane kugira ngo umubiri wawe ugire ikiruhuko gikenewe kugira ngo ukire. Hari igihe, kugira ngo wirinde imvune zitunguranye —nk'ukuramo umuyoboro wo guhumeka—dushobora gukenera gufata amaboko yawe buhoro buhoro. Ibi bikorwa ku bw'umutekano wawe gusa.
Ni izihe nyungu n'ingaruka byagira?
Nkuko bigenda ku buvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose, gukoresha umwuka uhumeka bifite inyungu ndetse n'ingaruka mbi.
| Ibyiza | Ingaruka |
|---|---|
| Bikuraho imbaraga zo guhumeka, bigatuma umubiri wawe ushyira imbaraga mu kurwanya indwara no gukira. | Bagiteri zishobora kunyura mu muyoboro w'ubuhumekero zijya mu bihaha, zishobora gutera indwara nk'umusonga uterwa n'umwuka uhumeka. |
| Bituma umubiri wawe ubona ogisijeni ihagije kandi bigakuraho dioxyde de carbone nyinshi. | Umuvuduko ukenewe kugira ngo ibihaha bibyimbe, rimwe na rimwe, ushobora gutera imvune ku bihaha bitewe n’umuvuduko. |
| Bituma udusaho duto tw'umwuka (alveoli) mu bihaha byawe dufunguka kandi dukora. | Birashoboka ko umwuka winjira mu mwanya ukikije ibihaha, bigatuma bigwa (Pneumothorax). |
| Igumana uburyo bwo guhumeka butekanye kandi bufunguye igihe cyose. | Bishobora gushyira imihangayiko ku mikorere y'umutima no kugira ingaruka ku muvuduko w'amaraso yawe. |
Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe by’uburwayi bukomeye, umurwayi ashobora gutakaza ubushobozi bwo guhumeka ku giti cye. Byongeye kandi, gushyira umurwayi nta cyizere cyo gukira ku cyuma gifasha guhumeka bishobora gutuma urupfu rwe rukomeza mu buryo butari ngombwa. Mu bihe nk’ibi bikomeye, ni ngombwa ko ugirana ikiganiro na muganga wawe mu ruhame kugira ngo ufate icyemezo cyiza gishoboka ku muntu wawe.
Ni gute umurwayi akurwa mu cyuma gifasha guhumeka umwuka?
Iyo ubuzima bw'uwo ukunda bumaze kumera neza kandi abaganga bemeza ko biteguye guhumeka bonyine, inzira yo "gukuraho ibere" iratangira. Tugabanya buhoro buhoro inkunga y'imashini kugira ngo tumenye niba umurwayi ashobora gukomeza guhumeka. Iyo byose bigenze neza, umuyoboro wa endotracheal (ET) ukurwaho neza.
Menya neza ko ari ibisanzwe rwose ko umurwayi agira ububabare mu muhogo cyangwa ijwi rituje mu minsi mike nyuma yo gukuramo umuyoboro.
Ibintu by'ingenzi byatekerejweho muri Nirogi Lanka
- Guhumeka hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga si umuti w'indwara; ni uburyo bwo gufasha umubiri guhumeka mu gihe ukize.
- Nta mpamvu yo kugira ubwoba. Umuntu wawe akurikiranirwa hafi n'itsinda ry'inzobere mu cyumba cy'indembe (ICU).
- Kimwe no mu buvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose, hari ingaruka zishobora kubaho, ariko itsinda ryacu ry’abaganga ryiyemeje kuzigabanya kuri buri ntambwe.
- Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa impungenge, nyamuneka vugana na muganga wawe mu buryo bweruye. Barahari kugira ngo bagusobanurire buri kantu kose.
- Hanyuma, turashishikariza buri wese kuganira ku byifuzo bye bwite bijyanye n'ubuvuzi n'umuryango we mu gihe agifite ubuzima bwiza, kugira ngo ibyo ukunda bimenyekane mu gihe habayeho ikibazo gikomeye cy'uburwayi.
Agakoresho ko guhumeka, guhumeka mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, ubufasha bw'ubuzima, ICU, ikigo cyita ku barwaye cyane, guhumeka, intubation, tracheostomy, ARDS, umusonga, ibibazo byo guhumeka, ubuvuzi bwihutirwa
