Ni ibisanzwe kumva ufite ubwoba bwinshi n'impagarara iyo wumvise ko umuntu uzi mu cyumba cy'indembe (ICU) yashyizwe mu cyuma gifasha guhumeka. Ubwo bwoba burushaho kwiyongera bitewe no kutamenya byinshi kuri iyi mashini. Mu by'ukuri ni igikoresho cy'agaciro gakomeye gishobora gufasha mu ntambara iri hagati y'ubuzima n'urupfu. None rero uyu munsi, reka tuvuge ku cyo mashini ifasha guhumeka, cyangwa nk'uko yitwa mu buvuzi, ari cyo n'icyo ikora, mu rurimi rworoshye kandi rwumvikana.
Mu magambo make, icyuma gifasha guhumeka ni iki?
Imashini ifasha umuntu guhumeka iyo afite ikibazo cyo guhumeka wenyine. Tekereza nko gukoresha inkoni iyo wavunitse ukuguru. Nk'uko inkoni zigufasha kugenda ukurikije uburemere bwawe, imashini ifasha guhumeka mu bihaha byawe, byaba burundu cyangwa ku rugero runaka.
Igikuru ni uko ventilateur atari umuti. Ni uburyo bwo gufasha umuntu kugira ubuzima. Ni ukuvuga ko bufasha gukomeza guhumeka kugeza igihe umubiri uzakira binyuze mu bundi buryo bwo kuvura n'imiti.
Ibi bintu bibaho cyane cyane hamwe n'icyuma gifasha guhumeka:
- Iha ibihaha byawe umwuka wa ogisijeni ukeneye.
- Bifasha gukuraho umwuka mubi wa dioxyde de carbone wirundanya mu bihaha.
- Udusaho duto tw’umwuka mu bihaha, twitwa alveoli, dutanga igitutu gikenewe kugira ngo dukomeze gufungura tudasenyuka.
Abaganga bashobora guhindura imiterere y'iyi mashini bitewe n'ibyo umurwayi akeneye.
Ese Gushyiramo umwuka mu nda no guhumeka ni ibintu bitandukanye?
Yego. Aha niho abantu benshi bahurira mu rujijo. Nubwo ibi byombi biba hamwe, ibi ni inzira ebyiri zitandukanye.
- Gushyiramo umuyoboro w'amaraso mu muyoboro w'amaraso: Uburyo umuganga akoresha mu gushyira umuyoboro mu muyoboro w'amaraso w'umurwayi (trachea) anyuze mu kanwa k'umurwayi.
- Guhumeka hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga: Ibi bivuze guhuza umuyoboro winjijwe muri ubu buryo n'icyuma gifasha mu guhumeka.
Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, birashoboka guhuza icyuma gifasha guhumeka n'agapfukamunwa gakwira neza mu maso, utiriwe ushyiramo umuyoboro nk'uyu.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo guhumeka buhari?
Imashini zihumeka zisunika umwuka mu bihaha zikoresheje umuvuduko mwiza. Ibi bishobora gukorwa mu buryo bubiri bw'ingenzi. Kugira ngo aya makuru yorohere kuyumva, reka dukore imbonerahamwe nk'iyi.
| Ubwoko bw'ingufu zo guhumeka | Ibisobanuro byoroshye |
|---|---|
| Uburyo bwo guhumeka bw’imashini (bushyizwemo umuyoboro) | Muri ibi, umuyoboro winjizwa mu nzira y'ubuhumekero. Uyu muyoboro winjizwa unyuze mu kanwa (intubation) cyangwa binyuze mu kubagwa gato mu ijosi (tracheostomy) hanyuma ugahuzwa n'icyuma gihumeka. |
| Guhumeka bidakoresha imbaraga nyinshi | Ibi bikubiyemo gukoresha agapfukamunwa gafata neza mu maso. Aka gapfukamunwa gafatanye n'icyuma gihumeka gishyira umwuka mu bihaha. Ibikoresho nka CPAP cyangwa BiPAP®, bikoreshwa no mu rugo, biri muri iki cyiciro. |
Ni nde ukeneye ubufasha bw'icyuma gifasha guhumeka?
Ubufasha bw'icyuma gihumeka bushobora gukenerwa igihe cyose umuntu adashobora guhumeka wenyine, cyane cyane mu bihe nk'ibi:
- Mu gihe cyo kubaga: Anesthesia rusange igabanya ubushobozi bwacu bwo guhumeka. Kubwibyo, imashini ifasha guhumeka neza mu gihe cyose cyo kubaga.
- Indwara zikomeye z'ibihaha cyangwa indwara: Mu bihe nk'umusonga, COVID-19, indwara y'ubuhumekero ikabije (ARDS), n'indwara idakira y'ibihaha (COPD).
- Impanuka cyangwa ibibazo byihutirwa by’ubuvuzi: Mu gihe habaye impanuka itera kuziba kw’imiyoboro y’ubuhumekero cyangwa kunanirwa guhumeka. Urugero, ingaruka zikomeye z’ubwivumbure (anaphylaxis).
- Kwangirika k'ubwonko: Kwangirika k'ubwonko, nko gucika intege mu bwonko cyangwa kuri koma, bishobora kubuza ubutumwa buva mu bwonko bujya mu bihaha kwinjira neza.
- Kutagera ku rugero rw'imyuka mu maraso: Mu bihe nk'ubwiyongere bwa dioxyde de carbone mu maraso (hypercapnia) cyangwa kugabanuka kwa ogisijeni (hypoxemia).
- Kugira ngo wirinde ko ibiryo cyangwa amacandwe byinjira mu bihaha: Kurinda ko ibintu (amacandwe, ibiryo) biva mu kanwa k'umuntu utazi ibintu bigatera ubwandu.
Bigenda bite iyo uhujwe n'icyuma gifasha guhumeka umwuka?
Kubera ko umuntu uhujwe n'icyuma gifasha guhumeka agomba gukurikiranwa cyane, akenshi afungirwa mu cyumba cy'indembe (ICU).Aho ngaho, itsinda ry’abaganga, abaforomo n’abavuzi b’indwara z’ubuhumekero bahuguwe byihariye bita ku murwayi.
Gukurikirana umurwayi
Uzabona ko uwo ukunda afite izindi mashini nyinshi zifatanye n'umubiri we. Bahora bapima ibintu nk'umuvuduko w'amaraso, umuvuduko w'umutima, umuvuduko wo guhumeka, n'urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso. Bakora kandi X-ray zo mu gituza no gupima amaraso.
Gukuramo
Ibihu bishobora kwirundanya mu nzira y'ubuhumekero. Kubwibyo, abaforomo bakunze gushyiramo umuyoboro muto (catheter) kugira ngo bakuremo ibihu. Muri iki gihe, umurwayi ashobora gukorora. Ibi bishobora kukugora kubireba, ariko ni ngombwa kugira ngo inzira y'ubuhumekero ikomeze kuba nziza.
Ubuvuzi, imirire n'isuku
Imiti imwe n'imwe inyuzwa mu bihaha binyuze mu muyoboro w'umwuka. Kubera ko badashobora kurya cyangwa kunywa, intungamubiri z'amazi zitangwa binyuze mu muyoboro unyura mu mazuru ujya mu gifu. Amazi akenewe atangwa mu mitsi binyuze mu muyoboro w'amazi.
Ese umurwayi ari maso?
Abaganga bagerageza gutuma umurwayi yumva amerewe neza, atuje kandi ari maso uko bishoboka kose. Ariko, bitewe n'uko umurwayi ameze, bishobora kuba ngombwa guha umurwayi ikiruhuko no kureka umubiri we ugakira, cyangwa kumusinziriza cyane (gusinzira cyane). Hari igihe umurwayi ashobora gukenera kwitabwaho kugira ngo wirinde kwangiza ubuzima bwe, urugero, kugira ngo amubuze kugerageza gukuramo umuyoboro. Ibi bikorwa ku bw'umutekano w'umurwayi.
Ni izihe nyungu n'ingaruka byagira?
Nk’uko bigenda ku buvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose, gukoresha icyuma gifasha guhumeka bifite ibyiza n’ingaruka.
| Ibyiza | Ingaruka |
|---|---|
| Ntabwo ukeneye gukora cyane kugira ngo uhumeke. Ibande ku gukira no kurwanya indwara iyo ari yo yose umubiri wawe ushobora kwandura. | Bagiteri zishobora kunyura mu muyoboro w'amaraso zikagera mu bihaha zigatera indwara (urugero: umusonga). |
| Umubiri ubona ogisijeni yuzuye ukeneye. Diyokaruboni irakurwaho. | Igitutu gituruka kuri iyo mashini rimwe na rimwe gishobora kwangiza ibihaha. |
| Birinda ko udufuka tw'umwuka mu bihaha dusenyuka. | Ahantu hadakomeye mu bihaha hashobora gutuma ibihaha bigwa (pneumothorax). |
| Bifasha kugumana inzira y'ubuhumekero ifunguye. | Imikorere y'umutima n'umuvuduko w'amaraso bishobora kugira ingaruka. |
Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe bikomeye cyane, umurwayi ashobora kutazongera guhumeka wenyine. Nanone, gushyira umurwayi ku cyuma gihumeka kidafite amahirwe yo gukira bishobora gutuma urupfu rwe rukomeza. Mu bihe nk'ibi bikomeye, ni ngombwa kuganira na muganga wawe mu buryo bweruye no gufata icyemezo cyiza ku murwayi.
Ni gute wikura mu cyuma gifasha guhumeka umwuka?
Iyo umurwayi amaze kumererwa neza kandi abaganga bakaba bizeye ko ashobora guhumeka ku giti cye, batangira "kumukuraho" mu cyuma gifasha guhumeka. Ubwa mbere, bagabanya buhoro buhoro inkunga y'icyuma bareba niba umurwayi ashobora guhumeka ku giti cye. Iyo byose bimeze neza, umuyoboro wa endotracheal (ET tube) urakurwaho.
Nyuma yo gukuraho umuyoboro, ushobora kugira ububabare mu muhogo no kugira induru mu gihe cy'iminsi mike. Ibi ni ibisanzwe.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Guhumeka hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga si umuti w'indwara, ni uburyo bwo gufasha umubiri guhumeka kugeza ukize.
- Ibi nta mpungenge bifite. Itsinda ry’abaganga bahuguwe mu cyumba cy’indembe riri kwita ku murwayi cyane.
- Kimwe no ku buryo bwose bwo kuvura, hari ingaruka, ariko itsinda ry’abaganga rihora rigerageza kugabanya izo ngaruka.
- Vugana na muganga wawe nta guhishanya ku kibazo cyangwa impungenge ushobora kuba ufite. Azagusobanurira ikibazo.
- Hanyuma, ni ingenzi cyane ko umuntu wese aganira n'umuryango we ku byifuzo bye ku bijyanye n'ubuvuzi agomba guhabwa mu gihe arwaye indwara ikomeye, nubwo yaba ari muzima.
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