Ese hari igihe ubona amakuru kuri interineti cyangwa mu binyamakuru nka "Umuti mushya w'iyo ndwara wabonetse" cyangwa "Ibi biribwa byica kanseri"? Iyo tubonye ibintu nk'ibi, tuba dufite amatsiko menshi. None se aya makuru aturuka he koko? Akenshi, isoko ya mbere y'amakuru nk'aya y'ubuvuzi ni "ibinyamakuru
by'ubuvuzi ". None uyu munsi, reka tuvuge ku byo ibi binyamakuru by'ubuvuzi ari byo, uburyo byizewe, n'icyo tugomba kwitondera mu gihe tubisoma.
Mu magambo make, ibi binyamakuru by'ubuvuzi ni ibihe?
Tekereza muri ubu buryo. Abaganga n'abahanga mu bya siyansi bahora bakora ubushakashatsi bushya ku kuntu indwara zikura mu mibiri yacu n'uburyo bwiza bwo kuzivura. Ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi, hamwe n'ingingo z'abahanga n'ibitekerezo, bisohoka mu bitabo byitwa
ibinyamakuru by'ubuvuzi . Ibi ni nk'ibinyamakuru byagenewe abaganga. Hari ibi binyamakuru birenga 30.000 ku isi yose. Ariko muri byo, hari ibinyamakuru bike nka *The New England Journal of Medicine* na *JAMA* bizwi cyane. Ibi bikunze gusomwa n'abaganga, abahanga mu bya siyansi, n'abanyeshuri biga iby'ubuvuzi. Ariko umuntu wese ushaka gusobanukirwa amakuru ya siyansi ashobora kubisoma. Umuntu wese ashobora kandi kubona ubushakashatsi bwasohotse n'ubushakashatsi ku ndwara runaka cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura binyuze muri 'PubMed', ububiko bw'amakuru bwa interineti bucungwa n'Isomero ry'Igihugu ry'Ubuvuzi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Ni gute ubushakashatsi butangazwa muri iki kinyamakuru?
Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane. Iyi gahunda ni nk'akayunguruzo, gakuraho amakosa n'inenge mu makuru no kwemeza ubuziranenge bwayo. Reka turebe uko bikora. Tekereza itsinda ry'abahanga mu bya siyansi bakora ubushakashatsi ku "Ese koko umuti mushya ugabanya cholesterol?" 1.
Ubushakashatsi n'ingingo: Bakora ubushakashatsi, bagakusanya ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi, hanyuma bakandika inkuru irambuye ya siyansi (inyandiko) kuri byo. 2.
Gutanga inyandiko mu kinyamakuru: Hanyuma, iyo nyandiko yoherezwa mu nama y'ubwanditsi bw'ikinyamakuru cy'ubuvuzi babona ko gikwiriye ubushakashatsi. 3.
Isuzuma ry'ubwanditsi: Umwanditsi w'ikinyamakuru abanza kureba niba iyo nkuru izaba ingenzi ku basomyi b'icyo kinyamakuru kandi niba ifite agaciro. 4.
Isuzuma ry'urungano: Niba umwanditsi abona ko iyo nkuru ari nziza, umwanditsi yohereza iyo nyandiko ku rindi tsinda ry'impuguke mu rwego rumwe bakoze ubushakashatsi. Basoma iyo nyandiko kandi bakareba niba hari inenge cyangwa amakosa mu buryo bw'ubushakashatsi n'ukuri kw'ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi.
Iyi nzira yitwa "Isuzuma ry'urungano" cyangwa "isuzuma ry'impuguke". 5.
Icyemezo:Hashingiwe ku nama z'izo mpuguke, iyo inyandiko ifite inenge zikomeye, irangwa ngo isohoke. Iyo hari inenge nto, yoherezwa ku bashakashatsi kugira ngo bayikosore. Iyo byose ari ukuri, iyo nyandiko itoranywa ngo isohoke mu kinyamakuru.
Iyi gahunda ya "Peer Review" ni yo ituma amakuru atangazwa mu kinyamakuru cyiza cy’ubuvuzi arushaho kwizerwa.
Ese ngomba kwishyura kugira ngo nsome ibi binyamakuru?
Hari uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi hano. Bumwe ni uburyo gakondo bwo kwishyuza amafaranga, ubundi ni uburyo bwo gutanga gusoma ku buntu. Reka turebe itandukaniro riri hagati y'ubwo buryo.
| Ibiranga | Ibinyamakuru gakondo (Ibinyamakuru byo kwiyandikisha) | Ibinyamakuru by'Ubwishingizi Bufunguye |
|---|
| Ku musomyi | Ubusanzwe ugomba kwishyura amafaranga yo kwiyandikisha kugira ngo usome ingingo. | Umuntu wese ashobora gusoma izo nkuru ku buntu. |
| Ku mushakashatsi | Ubusanzwe nta kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo ushyire ahagaragara iyo nkuru. | Umushakashatsi cyangwa ikigo cye bagomba kwishyura amafaranga kugira ngo basohore iyo nkuru. |
| Uburyo bwo kubona amafaranga | Kuva ku mafaranga yishyuzwa kugeza ku basomyi. | Kuva ku mafaranga yishyuzwa abashakashatsi. |
Ibinyamakuru bya Open Access bitanga inyungu ikomeye yo kwemerera umuntu wese gusoma ubushakashatsi bushya ku buntu. Ariko hari n'ingaruka mbi.
Mwitondere! Menya kandi ibijyanye na "Ibinyamakuru by'Abagome"
Kimwe mu bintu biteje akaga cyane byagaragaye muri sisitemu ya "Open Access" ni ibyo twita
ibinyamakuru by’abajura . Ibi ni nk’ibinyamakuru by’abajura. Intego yabo nyamukuru si uguteza imbere siyansi y’ubuvuzi,
ahubwo ni ukwinjiza amafaranga.- Bahora boherereza ubutumwa bwa elegitoroniki abahanga mu bya siyansi bifuza gusohora ubushakashatsi bwabo, bikabahatira kwishyura amafaranga kugira ngo basohore inyandiko.
- Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, inyinshi muri izi gazeti ntizikora isuzuma ry'uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose . Ni ukuvuga ko nta kugenzura ukuri n'ubwiza bw'amakuru ari muri iyo nkuru.
- Hari igihe, ndetse no ku muhanga mu bya siyansi, bishobora kugorana kumenya niba ikinyamakuru ari cyiza cyangwa ari ukwiba inyandiko nk'iyi. Ariko, niba urubuga n'inyandiko by'ikinyamakuru bifite amakosa menshi mu myandikire no mu mvugo, hari amahirwe menshi ko ari ikinyamakuru cy'impimbano nk'iki.
Niba urimo gusoma inkuru mu kinyamakuru cy'ubuvuzi...
Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu wawe wa hafi ufite ikibazo cy’uburwayi, ushobora gusoma ibinyamakuru nk’ibi kugira ngo umenye amakuru agezweho kuri cyo. Ibyo ni byiza. Ariko, niba ugiye kwinjira muri iyi si yimbitse y’ubumenyi bw’ubuvuzi, ugomba kwitonda cyane ku bintu bike.
Kuba ubushakashatsi bumwe bwasohotse mu kinyamakuru cy’ubuvuzi bwaragaragaje ibisubizo, ntibivuze ko uburyo bwo kuvura bufite akamaro 100%. Siyansi ihora ihinduka. Ibyo ubushakashatsi bumwe buvuga bishobora kuba bitandukanye n’ibyo ubundi buvuga.
Kubwibyo,
ntugahagarike gufata umuti urimo gufata cyangwa ngo utangire ubundi buryo bushya bwo kuvurwa bushingiye ku nkuru wasomye mu kinyamakuru cy’ubuvuzi cyangwa kuri interineti. Mbere yo kugira icyo ukora,
banza uganire na muganga wawe kuri icyo kibazo. Muganga wawe ashobora gusobanura imiterere nyayo y’ubushakashatsi n’uko bukubereye.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Ibinyamakuru by’ubuvuzi ni ibitabo byihariye bisohora ubushakashatsi n’amakuru agezweho ku baganga n’abahanga mu bya siyansi.
- Mbere y'uko inkuru isohoka mu kinyamakuru cyiza kandi cyizewe, igenzurwa neza n'abakiriya (peer review).
- Witondere "ibinyamakuru by'inkazi" bisohora inyandiko nta kugenzura ubuziranenge, bigamije gusa gushaka amafaranga.
- Ibisubizo by'ubushakashatsi bumwe ntabwo ari ukuri. Ubushakashatsi bw'inyongera bushobora gukenerwa.
- Icy'ingenzi kurushaho: Ntugafate ibyemezo byawe bwite ku bijyanye n'ubuvuzi bwawe ushingiye ku makuru ubona mu kinyamakuru cy'ubuvuzi cyangwa ahandi hantu. Ni ngombwa kuganira na muganga wawe ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose mbere yo kugira icyo ukora.
Ibinyamakuru by'Ubuvuzi, ubushakashatsi, isuzuma ry'urungano, uburenganzira bwo kwinjira, ibinyamakuru by'abanyamahane, amakuru y'ubuzima, amakuru y'ubuvuzi
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