Mpox ni iki? Reka tuvuge kuri iyi virusi iteje akaga mu buryo burambuye!

Ugomba kuba warumvise ibyerekeye `Mpox` nshya ()

`Mpox` ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Mu magambo make, `Mpox` ni indwara iterwa na virusi. Yanavugwaga `monkeypox` mu bihe byashize. Iyo ibayeho, ahanini itera uduheri dufite uduheri ku ruhu, hamwe n'ibimenyetso nk'umuriro n'ububabare bw'umubiri. Ushobora kuba warumvise inkuru y'uduheri. `Mpox` iterwa n'indi virusi ifitanye isano na virusi itera uduheri. Kubwibyo, bimwe mu bimenyetso bishobora kuba bisa.

Mu bice bimwe na bimwe bya Afurika, iyi ndwara ya `Mpox` ikunze kuvugwa. Ibi bivuze ko ari `ikwirakwira` muri utwo turere. Ariko rimwe na rimwe iyi ndwara ishobora gukwirakwira mu bindi bihugu by'isi mu buryo butunguranye. Ubwiyongere butunguranye bw'umubare w'abarwayi ni cyo twita `icyorezo`.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bwa `Mpox`?

Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwa virusi ya `Mpox` bwamaze kumenyekana kugeza ubu:

• Clade I: Ubwo bwoko bw'indwara bukomoka mu karere ka Afurika yo Hagati. Bushobora gutera indwara ikomeye gato kurusha Clade II. Ariko, byatangajwe ko indwara ya Clade I iherutse kugaragara ifite igipimo gito cy'impfu.
• `Clade II`: Ibi ni ibintu bisanzwe mu karere ka Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. Ni ubwoko bwa `Clade II` butera umuraba wa `Mpox` wakwirakwiriye ku isi kuva mu 2022. Ntabwo bishoboka ko wica abantu benshi nka `Clade I`.

Reka turebe uko indwara ya `Mpox` yakwirakwiriye ku isi.

Kuva mu 2023, icyorezo cya `Clade I` Mpox cyagaragaye muri Afurika yo Hagati n'iy'Iburasirazuba.

Nanone, kuva mu 2022, icyorezo cya `Clade II` (Clade II) `Mpox` (Mpox) cyagaragaye ku isi yose, kigira ingaruka ku bihugu byinshi. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika honyine, abantu 1,700 banduye iyi ndwara bagaragaye mu 2023. Muri rusange, abantu barenga 102,000 banduye iyi ndwara bagaragaye ku isi yose kuva mu 2022.

Inshuro ya nyuma icyorezo nk'iki cyabaye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ni mu 2003. Icyo gihe, abantu 47 banduye indwara y'ibicurane iturutse ku mbwa zo mu gasozi. Ariko ntiyanduzwaga iva ku muntu ijya ku wundi.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya `Mpox`?

Noneho reka turebe ibimenyetso bigaragara iyo urwaye `Mpox`. Ibi bimenyetso ntibigaragara kimwe kuri bose, kandi ni ngombwa kubyibuka.

• Ibisebe ku ruhu, ibisebe ku ruhu, cyangwa uduheri ni byo bimenyetso by'ingenzi.
• Kurwara umuriro .
• Utunyangingo tw’imitsi tubyimbye. Ahantu nko mu ijosi no mu kwaha.
• Kumva ukonje kandi uhinda umushyitsi (Ubukonje).
• Umutwe . (Oops, ijambo ry'ikinyajeworujiya ryaraje! Gukosora kuri Sinhala: . )
• Kubabara imitsi.
• Kumva unaniwe cyane (Umunaniro).

Icy'ingenzi ni uko atari buri wese urwara iseru uzagaragaza ibi bimenyetso byose. Hari abantu bashobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso mu buryo butandukanye. Urugero:

• Uduheri two ku ruhu dushobora kugaragara twonyine nta bindi bimenyetso, cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso bikagaragara nyuma.
• Ibimenyetso nk'umuriro n'ububabare bw'umubiri bishobora kugaragara mbere, hanyuma hagakurikiraho uduheri ku ruhu.
• Hari abantu bashobora kugira uduheri ku ruhu cyangwa ntibarware na gato .

Ese ibibyimba bya `Mpox` bisa bite?

Ibisebe biterwa n'iyi 'Mpox' (mpox) bishobora kugaragara nk'ibisebe ku kanwa, mu maso, mu biganza, mu maguru, mu myanya ndangagitsina (igitsina, mu gitsina), cyangwa mu kibuno. Hari abantu bashobora kuba bafite ibisebe bikwirakwira umubiri wose, mu gihe abandi bashobora kugira udusebe duke gusa.

Uduheri tw’iseru dunyura mu byiciro bitandukanye, tumaramo ibyumweru bibiri kugeza kuri bine:

1. Uruhu rushobora kugaragara nk'uduheri dutukura kandi duto. Ibi bishobora no kubabaza gato.

2. Hanyuma, utu duce tuzazamuka hejuru.

3. Utu duce twabyimbye duhinduka udusebe twuzuye amazi.

4. Nyuma y'iminsi mike, ibi bisebe bizuzuramo amabyi.

5. Amaherezo, ibi bisebe birakama, bigahinduka igishishwa, hanyuma bikagwa.

Ni iki gitera `Mpox`?

Iyi ndwara ya `Mpox` iterwa n'ubwandu bwa virusi yitwa `monkeypox virus`. Iyi virusi kandi yitwa `Orthopoxvirus monkeypox`. Nkuko mubizi, virusi ni agace gato cyane k'amakuru yerekeye imiterere y'umubiri gatwikiriwe n'igitambaro kirinda. Virusi itera `Mpox` ni virusi iri mu muryango wa `pox virus`, kandi iri mu bwoko bwa `Orthopoxvirus`.

Mpox yandurira ite?

Noneho reka turebe uburyo iyi ndwara ya `Mpox` ishobora kwanduzwa umuntu umwe ijya ku wundi, cyangwa ikava ku nyamaswa ijya ku muntu. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane, kuko iyo tuzi uburyo yanduzwa, bitworohera kwirinda.

• Mpox yandurira mu gukora ku bisebe cyangwa ku magufwa.(Ku nyamaswa cyangwa umuntu wanduye). Tekereza, uruhu rwawe rukora ku ruhu rw'umurwayi.
• Binyuze mu gukora ku macandwe y'umurwayi, ku mazuru cyangwa mu kanwa (amacandwe), ku maraso, cyangwa ku yandi matembabuzi yo mu mubiri (ava mu nyamaswa cyangwa ku muntu).
• Mu gukora ku bintu nk'imyenda, ibitanda, cyangwa amasume byakoreshejwe n'umuntu wanduye cyangwa inyamaswa.
• Kwanduzanya kw'umubyeyi utwite umwana we mu gihe atwite cyangwa abyara (kwanduzanya kw'impinja).

Kugira ngo bisobanuke neza, izi ni zimwe mu bihe ushobora kwandura `Mpox`:

• Gukoranaho cyane, ku buryo bw'umubiri. Urugero, guhoberana, gusomana, cyangwa gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina.
• Gukoranaho n'uruhu.
• Gusangira ibintu byawe bwite, nk'amasume, amashuka yo kuryamaho, n'ibikinisho by'imibonano mpuzabitsina.
• Mu kurumwa cyangwa gukubitwa n'inyamaswa yanduye.
• Mu kurya inyama z'inyamaswa yanduye (niba zitatetse neza)
• Nubwo bidakunze kubaho, bikekwa ko ishobora no kwanduzwa no kwicara hafi y'umuntu wanduye, kuvuga, kwitsamura, cyangwa gukorora , ariko ibi ntibishoboka.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara `Mpox`?

Mu by’ukuri, umuntu wese ashobora kwandura Mpox. Ariko, hari abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura cyangwa guhura n’iyi ndwara. Icyorezo cy’ubu ku isi gikunze kugaragara ko gikunze kugaragara cyane mu bagabo bakorana imibonano mpuzabitsina n’abagabo (MSM). Ariko, muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, aho Clade I ari yo ikunze kugaragara cyane, abarenga kimwe cya kabiri cy’abandura ni abana bari munsi y’imyaka 15.

Mu bihugu nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ushobora kuba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura Mpox niba:

• Umuntu mwakoranye imibonano mpuzabitsina mu byumweru bibiri bishize yasanzwemo Mpox.
• Mu mezi atandatu ashize, wakoreye imibonano mpuzabitsina mu kabyiniro k'imibonano mpuzabitsina, mu bwogero, cyangwa ahandi hantu hakorerwa imibonano mpuzabitsina.
• Wakoze imibonano mpuzabitsina mu birori cyangwa ahantu hakwirakwira indwara y'ibicurane.
• Uwo mwashakanye yahuye n'imwe muri izi ngorane zavuzwe haruguru.
• Niba wararwaye indwara imwe cyangwa nyinshi zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina (STIs) mu mezi atandatu ashize (urugero: kwandura agakoko gatera SIDA gakabije, gonorrhea, syphilis, chancroid, cyangwa chlamydia).
• Mu mezi atandatu ashize wakoranye imibonano mpuzabitsina n'abantu barenze umwe.

Icy'ingenzi: Ibi bintu bishobora gutera indwara ntibivuze ko abantu bose bo muri ayo matsinda bazarwara indwara y'inkoko. Ariko, ni ngombwa kwitonda cyane muri ibyo bihe.

Nanone, niba hari abantu babonye `Mpox`Iyi ndwara ishobora gukomera cyane. Ibi ni ibi bikurikira:

• Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye, cyane cyane abacitse intege kubera ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA.
• Ku bantu bafite indwara z'uruhu nka eczema.
• Abagore batwite.
• Abana bari munsi y'umwaka umwe na bo bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara zikomeye.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa na Mpox?

Iyo urwaye inkoko, hari igihe idakira gusa, ahubwo ishobora no guteza izindi ngorane. Ni byiza kumenya ibi bikurikira:

• Udukoko twa bagiteri. Hari igihe dushobora gutera indwara ikomeye yitwa sepsis, ari na yo bagiteri zinjira mu maraso zigafata umubiri wose.
• Indwara y'iseru ishobora gutera indwara zo mu maso, bigatuma amaso atabona neza cyangwa akangirika.
• Myopericarditis - Iyi ni ububyimbirwe bw'uturemangingo dukikije umutima.
• Encephalitis - Kubyimba ubwonko.
• Umusonga.
• Guhumeka nabi - Ibi bivuze ko guhumeka bigoye cyane no kubona umwuka wa ogisijeni mu mubiri bigoranye.
• Inkovu zikomeye.

Ni gute Mpox ipimwa?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya Mpox, ni gute muganga yemeza ko ari Mpox? Muganga asanzwe afata icyitegererezo (swab) ku bisebe bibiri kugeza kuri bitatu ku ruhu rwawe. Iki cyitegererezo cyoherezwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo gipimwe na polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Ibipimo by'amaraso nabyo bishobora gukorwa.

Niba utekereza ko ushobora kuba warahuye n'umuntu warwaye indwara y'ibicurane, ni ngombwa kubimenyesha muganga wawe. Muganga wawe ashobora kandi gusuzuma izindi ndwara zishobora gutera uduheri ku ruhu, nka measles cyangwa chickenpox.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura `Mpox`?

Kugeza ubu nta miti yemewe ivura indwara ziterwa na virusi ziterwa na measles. Ariko, niba indwara yawe ikomeye cyangwa utwite, muganga wawe ashobora gufata icyemezo cyo kuguha imiti igabanya ubukana nka tecovirimat (TPOXX) cyangwa cidofovir/brincidofovir, ikoreshwa mu kuvura izindi ndwara za virusi (nk'indwara y'ingutu). Gukingira ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri mu rukingo (VIG-IV) na byo rimwe na rimwe ni amahitamo.

Iyi miti yemejwe kuvura izindi ndwara zandura virusi, bityo bamwe mu bantu barwaye Mpox bashobora kuyibyaza umusaruro. Ariko, abashakashatsi baracyari kwiga uburyo iyi miti ikora neza kuri Mpox.

Ni gute wakwirinda `Mpox`? Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi kurusha ibindi!

Uburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara iseru ni urukingo niba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura. Ni ngombwa gukingirwa mbere cyangwa vuba bishoboka nyuma yo kwandura.

Uretse gukingirwa, hari ubundi buryo bwinshi bwo gufasha mu gukumira ikwirakwira rya Mpox:

• Kwirinda kwegerana mu mibanire (urugero, mu matsinda y'abantu, mu birori), cyane cyane iyo uruhu rwawe cyangwa urw'abandi rugaragara.
• Ntukore ku bisebe by'inkoko, udusebe cyangwa ibibyimba.
• Irinde gukora ku buriri n'ibindi bintu bishobora kwanduzwa na Mpox.
• Buri gihe karaba intoki zawe neza n'isabune.
• Kora imibonano mpuzabitsina itekanye, harimo gukoresha agakingirizo n'ingobyi z'amenyo.
• Ambara agapfukamunwa gapfuka umunwa n'amazuru yawe iyo uri kumwe n'abandi bantu.
• Sukura ahantu hakunze gukorwaho kenshi (urugero: imigozi y'inzugi, ameza) kandi wica udukoko.
• Koresha ibikoresho byo kwirinda ku giti cyawe (PPE) (nk'uturindantoki, udupfukamunwa) mu gihe wita ku barwayi ba Mpox .
• Irinde gukora ku nyamaswa zanduye cyangwa inyamaswa zo mu gasozi.
• Teka neza ibiryo byose birimo inyama kandi wirinde kurya inyamaswa zo mu gasozi.

Wibuke ko ushobora kuba urwaye indwara y'inkoko ariko ntubimenye. Nubwo nta bimenyetso bikomeye ugaragaza, ushobora kwanduza abandi iyo ndwara binyuze mu gihe kirekire kandi ubana hafi.

Ni nde ukwiye guhabwa urukingo rwa Mpox?

Muri iki gihe, urukingo rwa Mpox rusabwa gusa ku bantu bahuye na Mpox cyangwa bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura. Ibi bintu bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'aho utuye n'aho utemberera.

Urugero, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, abantu bafite imyaka 18 kuzamura bafite ibyago byo kwandura basabwa guhabwa doze ebyiri z'urukingo rwa JYNNEOS™, iminsi 28 itandukanye. Muri rusange, uri mu kaga niba warigeze guhura n'umuntu urwaye Mpox, ukeka ko wahuye na yo, cyangwa ufite ibyago byo kwandura Mpox.

Baza abayobozi b'ubuzima rusange bo mu gace utuyemo kugira ngo bakubwire inama zigezweho (urugero, Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC) muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika). Niba utazi neza niba ukwiye gukingirwa, vugana na muganga.

Urukingo rwa `Mpox` rutangwa gute?

Umuganga cyangwa umukozi w’ubuzima wahuguwe azaguha doze ebyiri z’urukingo rwa Mpox, nibura iminsi 28 itandukanye. Uru ni urukingo. Rushobora gutangwa mu bice byo hejuru by’uruhu (intradermal vaccination) cyangwa mu bice by’ibinure biri munsi y’uruhu (subcutaneous vaccination).

Urushinge rwa `intradermal` rushobora gusiga inkovu nto. Niba ushaka ko urushinge rutangwa ahantu hatagaragara, ushobora gusaba ko rutangwa inyuma y'urutugu (`urutugu`) aho gusaba ko ruterwa mu gahanga. Cyangwa ushobora gusaba ko ruterwa mu ruhu rwo hasi.

Bigenda bite uramutse urwaye `Mpox`?

Ubusanzwe indwara y'inkoko irashira mu byumweru bibiri cyangwa bine. Muganga wawe azagukurikirana kugeza igihe indwara y'uruhu rwawe irangiye burundu.

`Clade II` Mpox – ubwoko bw’indwara bukwirakwira ku isi muri iki gihe – ntabwo ikunze kwica abantu. Nubwo igipimo cy’impfu za `Clade I` cyahoze ari 10% mu mateka, cyagabanutse kikagera munsi ya 3.3% mu cyorezo giherutse. Rero ntugatinye.

Ibintu ushobora gukora mu rugo iyo ufite Mpox

Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya `Mpox`, hari ibintu bike ushobora gukora uri mu rugo kugira ngo bigufashe gukira:

• Imiti itangwa mu buryo butazwi ( OTC), nka ibuprofen na parasetamol, ishobora kugabanya ibimenyetso by'indwara (umuriro, ububabare bw'umubiri).
• Oga ukoresheje oatmeal ya colloidal. Kwinika mu mazi y'akazuyazi ukoresheje iyi vange bishobora kugabanya ubwivumbure n'ubushye buterwa n'uduheri ku ruhu.
• Kuruhuka bihagije no kunywa ibinyobwa byinshi. Kuruhuka uri mu rugo no kunywa amazi menshi ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ukire vuba.

Nanone, ushobora gukora ibi bikurikira kugira ngo wirinde gukwirakwiza Mpox ku bandi no kurinda abandi:

• Niba wanduye, jya witandukanya n'abandi. Irinde ko wahura n'abandi kugeza igihe uruhu rwawe ruzakira neza.
• Ambara agapfukamunwa. Niba ugomba kuba uri kumwe n'abandi bantu - urugero, mu gihe ushaka ubuvuzi - ambara agapfukamunwa gapfuka umunwa n'amazuru neza, nka `N95` cyangwa `KN95`.
• Upfuke uduce duto tw'uruhu dufite ibisebe cyangwa uduheri. Koresha agatambaro ko kwambara kugira ngo ugabanye ikwirakwira ry'indwara ku bandi no ku bintu ukoraho.
• Irinde ko habaho inyamaswa zo mu rugo (cyane cyane imbeba). Mpox ishobora kwandurira mu bantu no mu nyamaswa.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga?

Tukugira inama yo kujya kwa muganga mu bihe bikurikira:

• Niba ufite ibimenyetso nk'umuriro, ububabare bw'umubiri, cyangwa kubyimba kw'uturemangingo tw'imitsi .
• Uruhu rushya cyangwa igisebe ku ruhu rwaweNiba byaragaragaye.
• Niba warigeze guhura cyane n'umuntu urwaye Mpox .
• Niba wifuza kumenya byinshi ku rukingo rwa Mpox cyangwa aho ushobora kurubona.

Niba utwite, wahuye na Mpox, cyangwa ufite ibimenyetso, hita ubimenyesha umuganga w’abagore n’ababyara. Bashobora kugufasha kugabanya ibyago bikomeye byo kugira ibibazo no gukumira kwanduza umwana wawe Mpox mu gihe utwite no kubyara.

Ni ryari ugomba kujya mu Ishami ry’Ubuvuzi bw’Ingoboka (ETU) ?

Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikomeye bikurikira, jya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze ako kanya, cyangwa uhamagare 1990 (serivisi y’imbangukiragutabara yo muri Sri Lanka):

• Niba uhura n'ingorane zo guhumeka cyangwa guhumeka nabi cyane .
• Niba ufite ububabare bushya cyangwa bukomeje kwiyongera mu gituza .
• Niba wumva ijosi rikomereye .
• Niba wumva utazi icyo ukora cyangwa ufite ikibazo cyo gutekereza neza .
• Niba ufite ikibazo cyo kuvuga cyangwa kwimuka k'umubiri wawe .
• Iyo habayeho gutakaza ubwenge .
• Iyo habayeho icyorezo .
• Iyo igikomere kidakira kandi kikaba kibabaza cyane .

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, byaba byiza ubajije ibibazo nk'ibi:

• Ese nkwiye kubona urukingo rwa Mpox?
• Ese hari uburyo bwo kuvura ibi?
• Ni gute nakwiyitaho ndi mu rugo?
• Ni ibihe bimenyetso bikomeye ngomba kwitondera?

Kuki ubu twita "monkeypox" aho kwita "Mpox"?

Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Buzima (OMS) wahinduye izina ry'iyi ndwara witwa 'Mpox' mu Gushyingo 2022. Ibi bihuye n'inama za vuba za OMS zo kwirinda gukoresha amazina abangamira itsinda iryo ari ryo ryose. Ariko, virusi itera 'Mpox' iracyatwa 'virusi y'inkende'.

Itandukaniro riri hagati ya `Mpox` n'izindi ndwara

Indwara y'iseru n'inkoko

Nubwo byombi bitera uduheri ku ruhu, inkoko n'uduheri biterwa na virusi ebyiri zitandukanye. Inkoko ni virusi ya orthopox, naho inkoko ni virusi ya herpes. Virusi zombi zishobora kwandurira mu gukoranaho uruhu cyangwa gukoranaho imbonankubone igihe kirekire. Ariko, inkoko ni indwara yandura cyane kandi ikwirakwira cyane kurusha inkoko. Abantu barwaye inkoko bakunze kugira uduheri kurusha abafite inkoko.

Isura y'ibisebe iratandukanye. Ibisebe by'ibisebe bishobora kugaragara mu miraba, ariko ibisebe bya 'Mpox' bihita bikura icyarimwe. Ibimenyetso by'ibisebe by'ibisebe - harimo n'ibisebe - akenshi biragenda neza mu byumweru bibiri, ariko 'Mpox' bifata ibyumweru bibiri kugeza kuri bine kugira ngo bikire.

`Mpox` na `smallpox` (`smallpox`)

Indwara y'inkorora na Mpox byombi biri mu bwoko bwa Orthopoxvirus, bivuze ko biterwa na virusi ebyiri zisa ariko zitandukanye. Kubera gahunda zo gukingira zagenze neza, indwara y'inkorora yarakuweho ku isi mu 1980 (bivuze ko itakiri indwara ikwirakwira hose). Indwara y'inkorora ni indwara yandura cyane kandi ikwirakwira byoroshye kurusha Mpox. Nubwo ibimenyetso bya Mpox bisa n'ibya indora, ntabwo bikomeye nk'indora kandi ni byoroshye.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Inkuru y’icyorezo, ndetse n’ijambo "icyorezo", ishobora gutera impungenge n’ubwoba bwinshi mu mitwe yacu. Cyane cyane ko benshi muri twe tutari twarigeze twumva 'Mpox' kugeza mu 2022, bishobora kumvikana nk’ikindi kintu cyongewe ku rutonde rw’ibibazo dufite.

Ariko, ubushakashatsi kuri virusi zisa n'indwara y'ingutu bumaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo bukorwa. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abashinzwe ubuvuzi bashoboye gushyira mu bikorwa vuba inkingo n'izindi ngamba zo kugabanya ikwirakwira rya Mpox. Niba ubona ko uri mu kaga ko kwandura Mpox, hari uburyo bwo kugabanya ibyo byago. Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa impungenge kuri ibi, ntutindiganye kuvugana na muganga. Uburezi ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda!

Mpox , Mpox, Virusi, Ibisebe by'uruhu, Ibimenyetso, Kwandura, Kwirinda, Urukingo