Abagore benshi bagira ubwoba, isoni, cyangwa isoni iyo bumvise iki kizamini cya "Pap Smear". Hari igihe bibaza bati "Oh, nta kibazo cyabayeho ubushize, kuki wakongera kubikora?" Ariko se wari uzi ko iki kizamini cyoroshye, cy'iminota mike gifite imbaraga kandi gifite agaciro ku buryo gishobora kurokora ubuzima bwawe? None rero uyu munsi, reka dukureho ubwoba bwose n'ibibazo kuri ibi kandi tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye, nk'aho uri kuganira n'inshuti.
Mu magambo make, Pap smear ni iki?
Gupima kanseri y'inkondo y'umura, rimwe na rimwe byitwa Pap test, ahanini bikorwa kugira ngo harebwe kanseri y'inkondo y'umura . Inkondo y'umura ni wo mwanya ujya mu mura wawe. Iki kizamini kigamije gufata ingero nto z'uturemangingo mu nsi y'umura hanyuma ukadusuzuma ukoresheje mikorosikopi.
Ikintu gikomeye kandi cy'ingenzi kuri ibi ni uko aho kumenya niba hari kanseri, ishobora kumenya uturemangingo dushobora kuba kanseri mbere y'uko turwara kanseri . Nk'uko kubona umwotsi muto mu nzu bishobora gukumira inkongi ikomeye. Iyo utwo turemangingo tudasanzwe tubonetse hakiri kare, dushobora gukira burundu hakoreshejwe uburyo bworoshye bwo kuvura mbere y'uko turwara kanseri.
Iki kizamini cyiswe "Pap" mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro Dr. George Papanicolaou, umuganga w'Umunyamerika wagikoze.
Iki kizamini kirashaka iki koko?
Ikizamini cya Pap cyibanda ku ngingo nyinshi z'ingenzi.
- Kanseri y'inkondo y'umura: Ibi bikorwa mu gushaka uturemangingo twa kanseri mu nkondo y'umura.
- Dysplasia: Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane. Gishakisha impinduka mu turemangingo zishobora kuba kanseri . Iyo zibonetse hakiri kare, biroroha cyane kuzivura.
- Virusi ya Papilloma y'Umuntu (HPV): Hari igihe ikizamini cya HPV gikorwa hamwe n'ikizamini cya Pap. HPV ni virusi isanzwe yandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina. Ubwoko bumwe bw'iyi virusi ya HPV ni bwo butera kanseri y'inkondo y'umura.
Icy'ingenzi: Ikizamini cya Pap ntigishobora gupima izindi ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina (STIs) nka gonorrhea cyangwa chlamydia. Izi ndwara zigomba gupimwa ukwazo. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe zishobora gutanga igitekerezo cy'indwara nka trichomonas, bagiteri, cyangwa indwara z'umusemburo.
Ikizamini cya Pap gikwiye gukorwa ku myaka ingahe kandi kangahe?
Ibi biterwa n'imyaka yawe, amateka y'ubuzima bwawe, n'ibisubizo by'ibizamini byabanje. Dore ibyo ukunze gusaba:
| Itsinda ry'imyaka | Igihe gisabwa |
|---|---|
| Imyaka 21 - 30 | Jya upima Pap test buri myaka itatu . |
| Imyaka 30 - 65 | Ushobora guhitamo gupimisha Pap test na HPV hamwe (gupimisha hamwe) buri myaka itanu cyangwa gupimisha Pap test buri myaka itatu. Ushobora kuvugana na muganga wawe kuri ibi hanyuma ugahitamo icyakubera cyiza. |
| Imyaka irenga 65 | Niba ibisubizo byose by’ibizamini byawe byabanje ari ibisanzwe kandi nta bintu byihariye bishobora gutera ibyago ufite, muganga wawe akunze kukugira inama yo guhagarika ibizamini. |
Ni nde ukeneye gupimwa kenshi?
Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe byihariye, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gukora iki kizamini mbere y'iki gihe, cyangwa ndetse na nyuma y'imyaka 65. Muri ibyo bihe harimo:
- Niba wanduye agakoko gatera SIDA, cyangwa niba ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwawe budafite ubushobozi bwo kuvura kanseri (chimiotherapie) cyangwa indi ndwara.
- Niba nyoko yarafashe umuti witwa Diethylstilbestrol (DES) igihe yari agutwite mu nda (uyu wari umuti wahabwaga ababyeyi batwite kugeza ahagana mu 1971).
- Niba warigeze kugira kanseri y'inkondo y'umura mbere.
- Niba ibisubizo by'ibizamini bya Pap byabanje bitari bisanzwe .
Witegura ute mbere yo gukora ikizamini?
Kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo nyabyo, ni ngombwa cyane gukurikiza izi ntambwe uhereye iminsi ibiri mbere y'ikizamini.
- Irinde imibonano mpuzabitsina mu gitsina iminsi ibiri mbere yo kwipimisha.
- Ntugakoreshe tampons, amavuta yo kwisiga cyangwa imiti, ifuro ryo kuboneza urubyaro cyangwa jeli, amavuta yo kwisiga, cyangwa douches mu gihe cy'iminsi ibiri .
- Ni byiza gutegura gahunda yo gupima nyuma y’uko imihango yawe irangiye . Niba uri mu mihango ku munsi wo gupima, baza muganga wawe icyo wakora. Ushobora gukenera guhindura umunsi, kuko kuva amaraso menshi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bisubizo.
Uburyo bwo gukora ikizamini - nta kintu cyo gutinya!
Iki kizamini gikorerwa mu cyumba cya muganga. Ibi byose bifata iminota mike gusa. Nta mpamvu ufite yo gutinya cyangwa kugira isoni. Muganga n'abaforomo bazagufasha cyane.
1. Ubwa mbere, uzasabwa gukuramo imyenda yawe munsi y'ikibuno cyangwa kuyihindura burundu ukambara ikanzu yo kwa muganga.
2. Hanyuma uzategekwa kuryama ku meza yihariye yo gusuzuma hanyuma amaguru yawe ashyirwe mu mavuta. Uzahabwa igitambaro cyangwa impapuro zo gupfuka amaguru yawe.
3. Hanyuma, muganga azashyira buhoro buhoro igikoresho cya pulasitiki cyangwa icyuma cyitwa 'speculum' mu gitsina cyawe. Ushobora kumva ufite igitutu gito kuri iki gihe. Iki gikoresho gikoreshwa mu gufungura igituba gato no kureba neza umura w'inkondo y'umura.
4. Hanyuma, ukoresheje uburoso buto cyane cyangwa agapira gato, ukura buhoro buhoro uturemangingo tumwe na tumwe ku buso bw'umura. Ibi ntibibabaza.
5. Ingero y'uturemangingo twakusanyijwe ishyirwa mu icupa rito ririmo amazi yihariye, hanyuma speculum irakurwamo.
Nibyo rwose. Igikorwa cyose kimara munsi y'iminota 5.
Ushobora kugira utudomo duto tw'amaraso nyuma yo gupimwa. Ibi ni ibisanzwe, ntugire ikibazo. Ariko, niba kuva amaraso kumara amasaha arenga 24 cyangwa niba ufite ububabare cyangwa kutamererwa neza, nyamuneka menyesha muganga wawe.
Iyo ubonye ibisubizo ... ibyo bivuze iki?
Ingero z'uturemangingo twawe zoherezwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo zipimwe. Bishobora gufata ibyumweru bitatu kugira ngo ibisubizo bigaruke. Hari ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi bw'ibisubizo.
| Ubwoko bw'ibisubizo | Ubusobanuro bworoshye |
|---|---|
| Ibisanzwe / Ibibi | Inkuru nziza! Nta turemangingo tudasanzwe twabonetse ku mura wawe w'inkondo y'umura. Byose ni byiza. Uzakora ikizamini gitaha mu myaka 3-5. |
| Ntabwo bisobanutse neza (Ntabwo bisobanutse neza / Bidasanzwe) | Hari igihe laboratwari idashobora kumenya neza niba uturemangingo ari dusanzwe cyangwa tudasanzwe bitewe n'impamvu nk'izidahagije cyangwa ubwandu. Muri ibyo bihe, muganga wawe azagusaba kongera gupimwa mu mezi make. |
| Ibidasanzwe (Bidasanzwe / Bifite Ishingiro) | Ibi bivuze ko hari impinduka zagaragaye mu turemangingo tw’inkondo y’umura. Ntugahangayikishwe n’ibi bisubizo! Ibi ntibivuze ko urwaye kanseri. Akenshi izi ni impinduka ziba mbere yuko ziba kanseri. Muganga azagusaba ko ukorerwa ikindi kizamini (colposcopy) kugira ngo akore ubushakashatsi kuri iyi ndwara. |
Ni iki gikurikiraho iyo habonetse igisubizo kidasanzwe?
Niba ibisubizo byawe bitameze neza, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gukora ikizamini cyitwa colposcopy .
Ibi kandi biroroshye nko gupima Pap. Icyo ukora hano ni ukureba neza umura wawe w'inkondo y'umura ukoresheje icyuma cyihariye cyo gukuraho imisemburo (colposcope). Ushobora kubona neza ahantu ukeka ko hari uturemangingo tudasanzwe. Iyo bibaye ngombwa, agace gato cyane k'urugingo (biopsy) karakurwa muri ako gace kakoherezwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo gakorerwe isuzuma ryinshi. Uku ni ko ushobora kumenya neza impinduka nyazo mu turemangingo.
Ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bikunze kubazwa
Ese ibizamini bya Pap birakenewe nyuma yo kubagwa igitsina?
Ibi biterwa n'ubwoko bw'ikibagwa wakorewe n'impamvu yacyo.
- Niba umura wawe w'inkondo y'umura utarakuweho mu gihe cyo kubagwa, ugomba gukomeza gupimwa Pap.
- Niba umura wawe warakuweho burundu mu gihe cyo kubagwa, kandi ukabagwa ntukorwe kubera kanseri (urugero nk'indwara ya fibroids), birashoboka ko utazongera gukenera gupimwa na Pap.
- Ariko, niba warabazwe kugira ngo ukureho umura wawe bitewe na kanseri y'inkondo y'umura, kanseri y'umura, cyangwa kanseri y'intanga ngore, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gukomeza gupimwa kugira ngo arebe niba hari ibyago byo kurwara kanseri mu gice cyo hejuru cy'igitsina cyawe. Ni byiza kuganira na muganga wawe kuri ibi.
Ese umuntu uri isugi akeneye ibizamini bya Pap?
Yego. Ijanisha rito cyane rya kanseri y'inkondo y'umura riterwa no kudakora imibonano mpuzabitsina. Nanone, HPV, impamvu nyamukuru ya kanseri y'inkondo y'umura, rimwe na rimwe ishobora kwandurira mu gukoranaho kw'uruhu n'uruhu nta mibonano mpuzabitsina. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kwipimisha Pap ku gihe cyagenwe nyuma y'imyaka 21, waba ukora imibonano mpuzabitsina cyangwa utabikora .
Bigenda bite iyo udakoze ikizamini cya Pap?
Ubu ni bwo buryo bwiza kandi bwonyine bwo kumenya impinduka mu turemangingo mbere yuko zihinduka kanseri y'inkondo y'umura. Iyo udakoze iki kizamini, ushobora kutamenya ko uturemangingo twa kanseri turimo gukura mu mubiri wawe. Iyo kanseri imaze gukura kandi ibimenyetso bikagaragara, bishobora kuba bitinze kuyivura.
Wibuke ko kuvumbura hakiri kare ari bwo buryo bwiza bwo kurokora ubuzima, kandi ikizamini cya Pap ni umwanya w'ingenzi cyane wo kubikora.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Pap Smear ni ikizamini cyo kurokora ubuzima gishobora gukumira kanseri y'inkondo y'umura. Ntugatinye cyangwa ngo ugire isoni zo kubikora.
- Akamaro gakomeye k'ibi ni uko bishobora kumenya impinduka mu turemangingo zitera kanseri mbere yuko ikwirakwira.
- Menya neza ko iki kizamini gikozwe hakurikijwe gahunda muganga wawe agusaba, ijyanye n'imyaka yawe n'ubuzima bwawe.
- Kuba ibisubizo by'ibizamini ari "ibidasanzwe" ntibivuze ko urwaye kanseri. Ntukayitinye kandi ukurikize amabwiriza ya muganga wawe.
- Niba ufite ikibazo, ubwoba, cyangwa gushidikanya kuri ibi, ganira na muganga wawe ku mugaragaro.
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