Reka twige kuri Kanseri ya Parathyroid. Ntutinye, reka tuganire!

Twese rimwe na rimwe tugira impinduka nto n'utundi tumunga mu mibiri yacu, sibyo? Wenda ni akantu gato mu ijosi, cyangwa bishobora kuba nko kumva unaniwe nta mpamvu, cyangwa kumva ufite inyota igihe cyose. Nubwo ibyinshi muri ibi bintu atari ikintu cyo guhangayikisha, mu bihe bidasanzwe, bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'ingenzi by'uburwayi. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku bwoko bwa kanseri idakunze kugaragara, ariko ni ingenzi cyane ko twese tuyimenya. Iyo ni kanseri ikura mu ngirabuzimafatizo za parathyroid, mu buvuzi yitwa kanseri ya parathyroid , cyangwa `(Parathyroid Carcinoma)`.

Kanseri ya Parathyroid ni iki?

Muri make, kanseri ya parathyroid ni ubwoko budasanzwe bwa kanseri igaragara mu ngingo z'uturemangingo twa parathyroid. Uturemangingo twa parathyroid dukunze kuba inyuma y'uturemangingo twa tiroyide dusa n'ikinyugunyugu imbere mu ijosi ryawe.

Kanseri ya parathyroid ntabwo ishyirwa mu byiciro bine ("uburyo bwo kwita amazina ibyiciro bine") nk'ubundi bwoko bwa kanseri. Ahubwo, abaganga bagabanya kanseri mu moko atatu y'ingenzi:

• Iherereye mu gace: Ibi bivuze ko kanseri iri mu gasabo ka parathyroid gusa. Hari igihe ishobora kuba yarakwirakwiriye gato mu ngingo zikikije. Ibi bivuze ko kanseri ikiri mu gace kamwe gusa.
• Indwara ya Metastatic: Iyi ni igihe kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe, nko mu duce tw'imitsi, umwijima, ibihaha, amagufwa, cyangwa pancreas. Hagati ya 10% na 30% by'abantu barwaye kanseri ya parathyroid bakwirakwira muri kanseri (metastatic) mu gihe cyo kuyisuzuma. Ahantu hakunze kugaragara cyane ni mu bihaha, mu magufwa, cyangwa mu mwijima.
• Isubiramo: Iki ni cyo gihe kanseri igaruka nyuma yo kuvurwa bwa mbere - ubusanzwe nyuma yuko agahu ka kanseri kabazwe. Abantu barenga kimwe cya kabiri barwaye kanseri ya parathyroid bazagira ubwoko bw'iyi kanseri. Kanseri igaruka mu myaka ibiri cyangwa itanu uhereye igihe babazwe bwa mbere. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe ishobora kugaruka nyuma y'imyaka 20.

Izi gland za parathyroid ni izihe?

Abenshi muri twe dufite imisemburo ine ya parathyroid ingana n'amashaza. Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, iyi misemburo iherereye inyuma ya tiroyide. Kimwe na tiroyide, imisemburo ya parathyroid ni kimwe mu bigize sisitemu yawe y'imisemburo. Hari igihe iyi misemburo ya parathyroid ishobora kuba iri iruhande rw'umuyoboro wawe w'amaraso cyangwa ndetse no mu gituza cyawe. Ibi byitwa ectopic.Udukoko twa parathyroid twitwa parathyroid glands, bivuze ko tutaba turi aho twagombaga kuba turi.

Akamaro k'ingenzi k'uturemangingo twa parathyroid ni ukugenzura ingano ya kalisiyumu mu maraso yawe binyuze mu gukora imisemburo ya parathyroid (PTH) . Hari igihe, imwe cyangwa nyinshi mu turemangingo twa parathyroid zitangira gukora imisemburo myinshi ya parathyroid (PTH). Iyi ndwara yitwa Primary Hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) . Iyo PTH ikozwe cyane, urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso yawe ruriyongera. Iyi ndwara yitwa hypercalcemia .

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya kanseri ya parathyroid na adenoma ya parathyroid?

Adenoma ya parathyroid ni ukwiyongera gukomeye kandi kudafata kanseri mu ngirabuzimafatizo ya parathyroid. Ariko, kanseri ya parathyroid ni ukwiyongera kw'uturemangingo twa kanseri kandi tutari kanseri mu ngingo zawe za parathyroid. Mu ndwara zifitanye isano n'ingirabuzimafatizo za parathyroid, adenoma ya parathyroid ikunze kugaragara cyane kuruta kanseri ya parathyroid.

Ariko iki ni ikintu cy'ingenzi: Muri izi ndwara zombi, kanseri ya parathyroid na adenoma ya parathyroid, imvubura ya parathyroid ishobora gukora cyane ikabyara imisemburo myinshi ya parathyroid (PTH). Hanyuma, nk'uko byavuzwe mbere, hypercalcemia ibaho. Iyi hypercalcemia ishobora kwangiza umubiri wawe n'ubuzima bwawe. Kubwibyo, uburyo bukunze kuvura kanseri ya parathyroid, ndetse na adenoma ya parathyroid, ni ukubaga no gukuraho imvubura ya parathyroid ikora cyane.

Ndetse no ku baganga, bishobora kugorana kumenya ako kanya niba ari adenoma ya parathyroid cyangwa kanseri ya parathyroid. Kubera ko uturemangingo twombi dushobora gusa, nyuma yo kubagwa kwa parathyroid, hakenewe ibindi bipimo kugira ngo byemezwe niba ari adenoma cyangwa kanseri.

Hypercalcemia ni iki? Ni iyihe sano ifitanye isano na kanseri ya parathyroid?

Hypercalcemia ni igihe urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso yawe ruri hejuru y’ibisanzwe. Abantu barwaye kanseri ya parathyroid bakunze kurwara hypercalcemia. Ibi biterwa nuko kanseri ituma igitsina cya parathyroid cyawe gikora cyane kandi kikabyara imisemburo ya parathyroid (PTH). Imisemburo ya parathyroid (PTH) igenzura ingano ya kalisiyumu mu maraso yawe. Rero, niba ufite imisemburo ya parathyroid (PTH) myinshi cyane, urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso yawe ruziyongera.

Hypercalcemia ishobora kwangiza ubuzima bwawe n'umubiri wawe. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kuvura hypercalcemia iterwa na kanseri ya parathyroid ndetse na kanseri ubwayo.

Ese hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa kanseri ya parathyroid?

Yego, hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwa kanseri ya parathyroid.

1. Ubwoko bukunze kugaragara cyane: Muri iki gihe, uturemangingo twa kanseri dutuma imiterere y’uturemangingo twa parathyroid (PTH) ikora imisemburo myinshi ya parathyroid (PTH) ikayirekura mu maraso. Ibi bituma urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso yawe rwiyongera.

2. Kanseri ya parathyroid idakora: Iyi nanone yitwa "kanseri ya parathyroid idasohora". Iyi itandukanye n'izindi. Kubera ko abantu bafite ubu bwoko bwa kanseri badafite urugero rwinshi rwa hormone ya parathyroid (PTH) cyangwa calcium mu maraso yabo. Ubu bwoko ni gake cyane, buboneka munsi ya 10% by'abarwayi ba kanseri ya parathyroid.

Iyo kanseri ya parathyroid imaze gupimwa, hakorwa ibindi bipimo kugira ngo hamenyekane niba iherereye aho iri , ko yanduye cyangwa ko isubira inyuma . Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, uburyo bwo gushyira mu byiciro bine bukoreshwa ku zindi kanseri ntibwakoreshwa kuri ibi.

Ni nde ufite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara kanseri ya parathyroid?

Iyi kanseri ifata abagore n'abagabo kimwe. Akenshi igaragara ku bantu barengeje imyaka 30 .

Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara mu rugero rungana iki?

Kanseri ya parathyroid ni indwara idakunze kugaragara. Tekereza gato, ifata 0.005% gusa bya kanseri zose. Nanone, kanseri ya parathyroid ifata hagati ya 0.5% na 1% by'indwara zose ziterwa n'udukoko twa parathyroid. Ibi rero ni gake cyane.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera kanseri ya Parathyroid?

Mu by’ukuri, nta mpamvu yihariye iraboneka itera kanseri ya parathyroid.

Ariko, indwara zikurikira zidasanzwe zo mu bwoko bwa genetiki (ni ukuvuga umurage ukomoka ku muryango) zifatwa nk'ibintu bishobora gutera iyi kanseri:

• Neoplasia nyinshi zo mu bwoko bwa I (MEN1)
• Indwara ya hyperparathyroidism yo mu muryango (FIHP)
• Hyperparathyroidism-indwara yo kurwara ikibyimba cy'umusaya

Byongeye kandi, niba warigeze kuvura umutwe cyangwa ijosi hakoreshejwe imirasire , bishobora no kongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri ya parathyroid.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya Kanseri ya Parathyroid?

Akenshi, ibimenyetso bya kanseri ya parathyroid ni ibimenyetso bya hypercalcemia bivamo. Ibimenyetso n'ibimenyetso bya hypercalcemia bishobora kuba birimo:

• Gukenera kunyara kenshi kurusha uko bisanzwe (guhagarika inkari kenshi)
• Kumva ufite inyota kurusha uko bisanzwe
• Isesemi no kuruka
• Nkuko bisanzweNtabwo numva inzara
• Impatwe
• Kumva unaniwe cyane
• Kumva umeze nk'aho wihebye
• Kwibagirwa cyangwa kubura kwibuka
• Kubabara imitsi, intege nke, cyangwa gucumbagira

Ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragara ku ndwara ya kanseri ya parathyroid:

• Kugira ikibyimba mu ijosi
• Ihindagurika ry'ijwi cyangwa ijwi rituje
• Kugorwa no kumira ibiryo

Niba ufite kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bimenyetso, ntutinye gutekereza ko ari kanseri ya parathyroid. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora no kugaragara mu zindi ndwara nyinshi. Ariko, niba ikintu nk'iki gikomeje, ni byiza kujya kwa muganga kugira ngo akugire inama.

Kanseri ya Parathyroid ipimwa ite?

Gusuzuma kanseri ya parathyroid rimwe na rimwe bishobora kugorana. Impamvu imwe ni uko uturemangingo twa adenoma ya parathyroid itari kanseri n'utw'ingirabuzimafatizo za parathyroid dushobora kuba dusa.

Kanseri ya parathyroid ikunze gupimwa nyuma yuko imvubura ya parathyroid idasanzwe kandi ikora cyane ikuweho ('parathyroidectomy'), hanyuma ingingo zigasuzumwa kurushaho. Hari igihe umuganga ubaga ashobora kubona kanseri ya parathyroid mu gihe cyo kubagwa.

Ni ibihe bipimo bikorerwa kugira ngo hamenyekane indwara?

Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, kanseri ya parathyroid ikunze kumenyekana nyuma yo gupimwa indwara ya hyperparathyroidism y’ibanze , kandi iyo mvubura ya parathyroid idasanzwe kandi ikora cyane irakurwaho. Hari igihe umuganga ubaga ashobora gusuzuma kanseri ya parathyroid mu gihe cyo kubagwa.

Mbere yo kubagwa kugira ngo ukureho ingirabuzimafatizo yawe ya parathyroid ikora cyane, ushobora gukorerwa ibizamini nk'ibi bikurikira:

• Isuzuma rya kalisiyumu mu maraso
• Ikizamini cya PTH mu maraso
• Gupima parathyroid - Ubusanzwe iyi ni scan ya radioactive sestamibi na/cyangwa CT scan.

Iyo usanzwe urwaye kanseri ya parathyroid, muganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka gupima amashusho nk'aya kugira ngo arebe niba kanseri yarakwirakwiriye (yaranduye) mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe:

• CT scan (computerized tomography scan): CT scan ikoresha X-rays na mudasobwa kugira ngo ikore amashusho menshi y’umubiri wawe mu buryo butatu (3D).
• Isuzuma rya MRI (MRI - isuzuma rya resonance ya magnetic):Isuzuma rya MRI rikoresha rukuruzi nini, imiraba ya radiyo, na mudasobwa kugira ngo rikore amashusho arambuye y'umubiri wawe. Ntirikoresha imirasire ya X (imirasire).

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura kanseri ya parathyroid?

Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura kanseri ya parathyroid ni ukubaga gukuraho ingirabuzimafatizo ya parathyroid ya kanseri (`en bloc resection`). Niba kanseri ya parathyroid yarakwirakwiriye (yarahindutse), umuganga wawe ashobora no gukenera gukuraho ingirabuzimafatizo zikikije ingirabuzimafatizo ya parathyroid cyangwa ingirabuzimafatizo za kanseri mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe.

Uburyo bukurikira bwo kubaga bushobora gukoreshwa kuri kanseri ya parathyroid:

• Gukuraho burundu: Muri ubu buryo, umuganga ubaga akuraho parathyroid gland yawe yose hamwe na capsule iyikikije. Hari igihe bashobora no gukuramo kimwe cya kabiri cy'ingirabuzimafatizo ya tiroyide ku ruhande rumwe n'ingirabuzimafatizo ya parathyroid ya kanseri, hamwe n'ingingo, imitsi n'imitsi biyikikije.
• Gukuraho ikibyimba: Muri ubu buryo, umuganga ubaga akuraho ikibyimba kinini gishoboka. Hari ibibyimba bishobora kudakurwaho burundu.
• Gukuraho kanseri (Metastasectomy): Muri ibi, umuganga ubaga akuraho kanseri iyo ari yo yose yakwirakwiriye (yahindutse) ku zindi ngingo cyangwa mu ngingo z'umubiri wawe, urugero, mu bihaha.

Ese nzakorerwa imiti igabanya ubukana cyangwa imiti ivura imirasire?

Ubusanzwe imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri ya parathyroid (chimiotherapie) n'imirasire ntibikoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri ya parathyroid. Muganga wawe ni we uzagena niba imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri cyangwa imirasire ari amahitamo akubereye.

Ese hari umuti wa kanseri ya parathyroid?

Muri iki gihe, nta miti yihariye ihari ya kanseri ya parathyroid. Abantu benshi barwaye kanseri ya parathyroid bagaragaza ibimenyetso bya hypercalcemia. Kubera ko hypercalcemia ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi, muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira umwe cyangwa myinshi muri iyi miti ikurikira ya hypercalcemia:

• Cinacalcet (Cinacalcet - Sensipar®)
• Bisphosphonates
• Denosumab (Denosumab - XGEVA®)

Niba ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye bya hypercalcemia, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kujya mu bitaro ako kanya ugatangira guterwa imiti iva mu mitsi (IV) n'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura.

Ese kanseri yanjye ya parathyroid ishobora kugaruka?

Yego, abantu barenga kimwe cya kabiri barwaye kanseri ya parathyroid bashobora kongera kuyirwara.Kanseri ikunze kugaruka mu myaka mike - akenshi hagati y'imyaka ibiri n'itanu. Ariko hari igihe ishobora kubaho imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo (imyaka 20 cyangwa irenga) nyuma yo kuvurwa no kuvurwa bwa mbere.

Ese iyi kanseri ishobora gukwirakwira (metastasize) mu bindi bice by'umubiri?

Yego, kanseri ya parathyroid ishobora gukwirakwira (metastasize) mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe. Hagati ya 10% na 30% by'abantu barwaye kanseri ya parathyroid baba bamaze gukwirakwira (metastasis) mu gihe cyo kuyisuzuma. Muri ibi bihe, kanseri ikunze gukwirakwira mu bihaha, mu magufwa, cyangwa mu mwijima. Ariko, ishobora no gukwirakwira mu duce twa lymph cyangwa pancreas.

Ni iki giteganyijwe ku ndwara ya kanseri ya parathyroid?

Igipimo cy’uko kanseri ya parathyroid ikwirakwira giterwa n’uburyo kubagwa kugira ngo ikureho parathyroid gland kurangira igihe umenyeshejwe bwa mbere, kuko uburyo bwo kuvura bwa kabiri nko kuvura hakoreshejwe imirasire na chimiotherapie ari buke.

Ku bantu barwaye kanseri ya parathyroid bakorewe ikizamini cyo gucibwamo ibice by’umubiri kandi bafite ibyago bike, igipimo cyo kubaho kiri hejuru ya 90% nyuma y’imyaka itanu nyuma yo kubagwa bwa mbere. Igipimo cyo kubaho kiri hejuru ya 67% nyuma y’imyaka icumi nyuma yo kubagwa bwa mbere.

Abantu barenga kimwe cya kabiri basanzwe barwaye kanseri ya parathyroid bakabagwa kugira ngo bakureho iyo mvubura, kanseri ishobora kongera kugaruka. Muri ibi bihe, kanseri ikunze kugaruka mu myaka ibiri cyangwa itanu nyuma yo kubagwa bwa mbere. Ariko, ishobora kugaruka nyuma y’imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo.

Ese kanseri ya Parathyroid ishobora kwirindwa?

Ikibabaje ni uko nta buryo buzwi bwo kwirinda kanseri ya parathyroid. Nanone, nta buryo bwo kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara iyi ndwara. Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe wagize ibibazo bya parathyroid, ni byiza kuvugana na muganga wawe.

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

Niba urwaye kanseri ya parathyroid, ushobora kubaza muganga wawe ibibazo nk'ibi:

• Ese kanseri yakwirakwiriye hirya y’agahu kanjye ka parathyroid?
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo kuvura kanseri ya parathyroid?
• Ni izihe ngaruka mbi n'ingaruka mbi z'ubuvuzi?
• Ese umuryango wanjye uri mu kaga ko kurwara kanseri ya parathyroid?
• Ese nshobora kongera kurwara kanseri ya parathyroid?
• Ese ndi mu kaga ko kurwara ubundi bwoko bwa kanseri?
• Ni ubuhe buvuzi nkeneye nyuma yo kuvurwa?
• Ese nkwiye kumenya ibimenyetso by'ingorane?

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Gufatwa na kanseri bishobora gutera ubwoba. Ariko ibuka koItsinda ry'abaganga bawe riri hano kugira ngo rigufashe kandi rikwereke uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura. Nubwo kubaga ari bwo buryo bwonyine bwo kuvura kanseri ya parathyroid, ubushakashatsi n'ubuvuzi bwa kanseri bikomeje gutera imbere. Hashobora no kubaho igerageza ry'ubuvuzi ushobora kwitabira. Rero, ntutinye kubaza muganga wawe ibibazo bijyanye na kanseri yawe ya parathyroid. Menya neza ko byose bisobanurwa mu buryo ubyumva.

Kanseri ya Parathyroid, Ingirabuzimafatizo za Parathyroid, Hypercalcemia, Imisemburo ya Parathyroid, PTH, Ibimenyetso bya Kanseri, Uburyo bwo kuvura Kanseri, Kubaga