Ese uzi kanseri ya teyideri yo mu bwoko bwa Medullary (MTC), ubwoko bwa kanseri ya teyideri?

Ushobora kuba warumvise iby’agahu ka tiroyide gasa n’ikinyugunyugu kari imbere mu ijosi ryawe. Hari igihe ushobora kumva akantu gato muri aka gahunde. Cyangwa muganga ashobora kukubona iyo uri kugusuzuma. Nubwo aka gahunde gasanzwe katari akaga, mu bihe bidasanzwe gashobora kuba ikimenyetso cya kanseri. Uyu munsi, tugiye kuvuga ku bwoko bwa kanseri idasanzwe, ariko idasanzwe, igaragara muri ako gahunde.

Kanseri ya tiroyide yo mu bwoko bwa medullary (MTC) ni iki?

Mu magambo make, kanseri ya teyirode ya Medullary (MTC) ni kanseri ikura mu ngirabuzimafatizo yawe ya tiroyide. Igice cy'imbere cy'iyi ngirabuzimafatizo cyitwa 'medulla' . Hari ubwoko bwihariye bw'ingirabuzimafatizo muri iyi ngirabuzimafatizo, yitwa 'ingirabuzimafatizo za parafollicular C' . Izi ngirabuzimafatizo za C zikora imisemburo ya 'calcitonin' . Rero, iyo izi ngirabuzimafatizo za C zitangiye gukura mu buryo butunguranye, MTC ibaho. Tekereza nk'ibimera bidakenewe mu busitani bikwirakwira hose nta genzura.

Ni ibisanzwe kugira ibibazo byinshi n'ubwoba iyo wumvise ibya kanseri, cyane cyane iyo ari indwara idakunze kugaragara. Ariko ibuka ko itsinda ry'abaganga riri kumwe nawe muri uru rugendo. Hari uburyo bwinshi butandukanye bwo kuvura MTC.

Kanseri ya tiroyide yo mu bwoko bwa medullary (MTC) ikunze kugaragara gute?

Noneho ushobora kuba urimo kwibaza uti "Ese iyi ni indwara abantu bose barwara?" Ntugahangayike. Kanseri ya tiroyide irakunze kugaragara. Ariko, ubwoko tuvuga , kanseri ya tiroyide yo mu bwoko bwa medullary (MTC) , ni gake cyane . Ndetse no mu gihugu nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, 4% kugeza ku 10% bya kanseri ya tiroyide yavuzwe ni yo ifatwa nka MTC. Ibyo bivuze ko abantu bagera ku 1.000 gusa ari bo bafatwa na MTC buri mwaka. Rero, muri Sri Lanka, uyu mubare ushobora kuba uri hasi cyane.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya kanseri ya tiroyide ifata imitsi (MTC)?

None se, ni ibihe bimenyetso bya MTC? Si abantu bose bagira ibimenyetso bimwe. Ariko hari bimwe bikunze kugaragara:

• Ikibyimba kiri hejuru y'agahu ka tiroyide kiragaragara. Iki ni cyo kimenyetso nyamukuru kibaho ku bantu bari hagati ya 75% na 95% iyo bagipimwe. Gishobora kumera nk'ikibyimba gito, kandi rimwe na rimwe kigaragara iyo urebye imbere mu ijosi ryawe.
• Utunyangingo tw’imitsi mu ijosi . Ibi binagaragara ku bantu bagera kuri 70% iyo babimenye. Ibi bishobora kumvikana nk'utubyimba duto ku mpande zombi z'ijosi.

Ariko, ni gake cyane, iyo akadomo ka tiroyide kabaye kanini, ibimenyetso bikurikira bishobora kugaragara:

• Ijwi rihinduka, ijwi rituje.
• Kugorwa no kumira ibiryo.
• Kugorwa no guhumeka.

Igikuru ni uko hari abantu bashobora kuba bafite MTC ariko ntibagaragaze ibimenyetso igihe kirekire. Ibi biterwa nuko ikibyimba ari kanseri.Ni nto cyane. Kubwibyo, niba ubona ikintu kidasanzwe ku ijosi ryawe, ni ngombwa cyane kucyitondera.

Kuki kanseri ya tiroyide yo mu bwoko bwa medullary (MTC) itera?

Noneho reka turebe impamvu iyi MTC ibaho. Hari impamvu nyinshi zibitera. Ahanini, hari uburyo bubiri MTC ibaho.

MTC idakunze kugaragara

Abagera kuri 75% (hafi batatu kuri bane) by'abarwayi ba MTC barwara iyi ndwara rimwe na rimwe . Ibi bivuze ko nta muntu n'umwe mu muryango we wigeze agira MTC mbere. Ibaho nta mateka y'umuryango. Abahanga mu bya siyansi ntibarabona impamvu nyayo y'iyi MTC idakunze kubaho. Ariko, hagati ya 40% na 50% by'abantu bandura MTC muri ubu buryo bagira impinduka muri gene yitwa ``(RET)``` . Iki si ikintu bavukana, ahubwo ni ikibazo cy'imiterere y'umubiri kivuka nyuma y'ubuzima bwabo.

MTC kuva ku gisekuru kugeza ku kindi

Ku rundi ruhande, hafi 25% by'abarwayi ba MTC (hafi umwe muri bane) bashobora kuba bafite indwara bavukanye yitwa 'Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2' (MEN2) . Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwa 'MEN2':

• `(MEN2A)`: Abantu bafite iyi ndwara bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara MTC (hafi 90%) .
• `(MEN2B)`: Hari abantu barwaye `(MEN2B)` baba ari abo mu muryango uvukana. Ariko, akenshi si ko bimeze. Abantu bafite `(MEN2B)` baba bafite amahirwe 100% yo kurwara MTC bakiri bato cyane .

Hari urundi bwoko bw'iyi `(MEN2B)`, yitwa `Familial Medullary Thyroid Cancer (FMTC) . Abantu bafite `(FMTC)` bafite `(RET)` mutation ya `(RET)`, ariko barwara MTC gusa (nta bundi bwoko bwa kanseri).

Tekereza, niba umuntu wo mu muryango wawe agaragaye ko afite iyi "mutation" ya gene "(RET)", ushobora kwirinda ibyago bikomeye byo gukurwaho thyroid gland binyuze mu kubagwa mbere yuko kanseri itangira.

Kanseri ya tiroyide yo mu bwoko bwa medullary (MTC) ipimwa ite?

MTC ikunze kugaragara bwa mbere nk'ikibyimba muri tiroyide. Ushobora kubyumva ubwawe, cyangwa muganga wawe akabibona iyo ukoze ijosi ryawe mu gihe cy'isuzuma risanzwe. Hari igihe ikibyimba kiboneka ku buryo butunguranye mu gihe cyo gupima amashusho cyakozwe ku yindi mpamvu.

Niba muganga wawe akeka ko ufite MTC, ashobora gutegeka ibi bipimo:

• Ibizamini byo gupima: Ibi bishobora gufasha kubona neza utunyangingo twa tiroyide. Urugero , gupima thyroid ultrasound , CT scan , na/cyangwa MRI.Ushobora gukora ibizamini nk'ibi. Kimwe no gufata ifoto ukoresheje kamera, izi mashini zishobora kubona neza ibiri mu mubiri.
• Gukoresha urushinge rworoshye (biopsy): Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gufata urugero ruto rw'ingingo (biopsy) mu gace kawe ka tiroyide. Ibi bisaba gukoresha urushinge ruto cyane. Rumeze nk'urushinge ruto. Hanyuma uru rushinge rusuzumwa hifashishijwe mikorosikopi kugira ngo harebwe niba hari uturemangingo twa kanseri.
• Ibipimo by'amaraso: Ibi bishobora kuba birimo ibipimo bipima urugero rw'ibintu biri mu maraso yawe byitwa calcitonin na antigen ya carcinoembryonic (CEA) . Ibi bipimo akenshi biba biri hejuru ku bantu bafite MTC.

Muganga wawe ashobora kandi kukugira inama yo gupima imiterere y’uturemangingo kugira ngo arebe niba ufite indwara y’uturemangingo yitwa ``MEN2''. Niba ari uko bimeze, bashobora kukugira inama yo gupima imiterere y’uturemangingo ku bandi bantu bo mu muryango wawe, kuko ibi bishobora gufasha kumenya niba bari mu kaga.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura kanseri ya tiroyide yo mu bwoko bwa medullary (MTC)?

Noneho reka turebe uburyo bwo kuvura MTC buhari.

Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura MTC ni ukubagwa kugira ngo ukureho gland yawe yose ya tiroyide (kuvanga gland yose ya tiroyide) . Nubwo ibi bishobora gusa nkaho ari igikorwa gikomeye, ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo gukiza iyi kanseri.

• Gukuraho utunyangingo tw’imitsi: Niba kanseri ya tiroyide yarakwirakwiriye (yarahindutse) ku tunyangingo tw’imitsi mu ijosi ryawe, umuganga ubaga ashobora no kuzikuraho.
• Uburyo bwo kuvura imisemburo: Nyuma yo kubagwa, uzakenera gufata imiti isimbuza imisemburo ya tiroyide ubuzima bwawe bwose. Kubera ko imisemburo ikorwa n'imisemburo ya tiroyide ari ingenzi ku mubiri, igomba gutangwa hanze mu buryo bw'ibinini.

Uretse kubagwa, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama y'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura, harimo:

• Kuvura hakoreshejwe imirasire: Uburyo bwo gusenya uturemangingo twa kanseri hakoreshejwe imirasire ifite ingufu nyinshi.
• Chimiotherapie: Uburyo bwo gukoresha imiti mu kwica uturemangingo twa kanseri.
• Uburyo bwo kuvura bwibasiwe: Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe bya MTC, imiti yihariye yibasira gusa impinduka muri ADN irakoreshwa. Ingero zirimo vandetanib na cabozantinib .

Nyuma yo kuvurwa na MTC, muganga wawe azasuzuma buri gihe urugero rwa CEA na Calcitonin binyuze mu gupima amaraso. Ibi bizamufasha kumenya uburyo ubuvuzi bufite akamaro n'uko kanseri yagarutse.

MTC ni kanseri ishobora kuba ikomeye cyane kurusha izindi kanseri zisanzwe za tiroyide. Ariko, iyo ibonetse mbere yuko ikwirakwira mu duce tw’imitsi mu ijosi cyangwa mu bindi bice by’umubiri, biroroshye cyane kuyivura, kuyivura no kuyigenzura.

Ni iki giteganyijwe ku muntu urwaye kanseri ya tiroyide yo mu kigero cy'imyaka (MTC)?

Iteganyagihe, cyangwa uko bizagenda, ku muntu urwaye MTC biterwa n'ibintu byinshi.

• Intambwe ya kanseri (ni ukuvuga aho kanseri imaze gukwirakwira).
• Niba kanseri yarakwirakwiriye (yarahindutse) mu bindi bice by'umubiri.
• Ingano y'ikibyimba cya kanseri cyakuweho mu gihe cyo kubagwa.
• Imyaka yawe n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.

Igipimo cy’indwara ya MTC muri rusange si cyiza nk’icya kanseri ya tiroyide yo mu bwoko bwa papillary na kanseri ya tiroyide yo mu bwoko bwa follicular . Ariko, niba wowe na muganga wawe mufata MTC hakiri kare, ishobora gukira burundu mu kubagwa . Nubwo indwara ya MTC yatinze, ikwirakwira buhoro buhoro .

Amahirwe yo gukira ashobora kuba make gato ku bantu nk'aba:

• Abantu barengeje imyaka 65.
• Abantu bari mu cyiciro cyo hejuru cya kanseri.
• Abo kanseri yabo itashoboye gukurwaho burundu mu gihe cyo kubagwa.

Ni iki cyizere cy'ubuzima cya kanseri ya tiroyide yo mu mutwe (MTC)?

Ku bijyanye n'umubare w'abazima barwaye MTC, ubushakashatsi buriho bwerekana ko igipimo cy'imyaka itanu cyo kubaho ku cyiciro cya mbere, icya kabiri, n'icya gatatu cya MTC kiri hafi 93%. Ariko, ku cyiciro cya kane, iki gipimo kiragabanuka kikagera kuri 28%.

Ariko, icy'ingenzi hano ni uko kubera ko abanduye MTC bake cyane bavugwa buri mwaka, ibi bipimo byo kurokoka bishobora kuba atari byo koko. Itsinda ry'abaganga rizaguha igitekerezo cyiza cy'icyo wakwitega.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya kanseri ya tiroyide yo mu matungo maremare n'iya kanseri y'imitsi?

Noneho ushobora kuba wibaza uti 'Itandukaniro riri hagati y'iyi MTC n'izindi kanseri za tiroyide ni irihe?'

Kanseri ya tiroyide yo mu bwoko bwa papillary ni yo kanseri ikunze kugaragara cyane ya tiroyide . Ifata 80% by'ibizamini bya kanseri ya tiroyide. Ariko, kanseri ya tiroyide yo mu bwoko bwa medullary (MTC) ni gake cyane .

Itandukaniro rikomeye riri mu turemangingo ubwo bwoko bubiri bwa kanseri butangira.

• Kanseri ya tiroyide yo mu bwoko bwa papillary itangirira mu turemangingo twa follicular mu ngirabuzimafatizo yawe ya tiroyide dukora thyroglobulin, poroteyine.
• MTC ikomoka ku turemangingo twa C two mu ngirabuzimafatizo ya tiroyide dukora calcitonin, imisemburo.

Ikindi kintu ni uko kanseri ya tiroyide yo mu bwoko bwa papillary ikunze kujyana no guhura n’imirasire y’izuba, ariko nta sano igaragara ihari na MTC.

Amaherezo, ibuka ibi.

Kumva ko urwaye kanseri, uko yaba imeze kose, ni ikintu giteye ubwoba cyane. Twese turabizi. Ariko ku bijyanye na kanseri ya tiroyide yo mu bwoko bwa medullary (MTC) , ibuka ko ikira neza iyo ivuwe hakiri kare .

Nubwo impamvu nyayo y’icyorezo cya MTC itazwi neza, hari isano ikomeye n’indwara zimwe na zimwe z’uruhererekane rw’abantu. Kubwibyo, niba wowe cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango wawe wa hafi (uwo mu muryango wawe - ababyeyi, abavandimwe, abana) basanzwe barwaye MTC, ni ngombwa cyane gupimwa imiterere y’umubiri. Ibi bishobora kugufasha cyane wowe n’umuryango wawe.

Niba ufite ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose ku bijyanye n'ibyago byawe byo kurwara MTC, ntutinye kuvugana na muganga wawe. Bahora bahari kugira ngo bagufashe kandi bagusubize ibibazo byawe. Icy'ingenzi ni uguhora umenye amakuru, ugakomeza kumenya amakuru, no gufata ingamba zikenewe.

Kanseri ya tiroyide isanzwe, MTC, thyroid gland, ibimenyetso bya kanseri, gupima imiterere y'uturemangingo , MEN2, kubagwa kwa tiroyide