Reka twige ku bwenge bw'ibanga bugenzura kalisiyumu mu mubiri wawe: Hormone Parathyroid (PTH).

Twese dufite utunyangingo duto tw’ibinyabutabire dukora mu mibiri yacu, tutagaragara, kugira ngo tugire ubuzima bwiza. Imwe muri izo misemburo ni imisemburo ya parathyroid. Muri make, iyi misemburo igenzura ingano ya kalisiyumu mu maraso yacu. Kuki ari ingenzi cyane? Kubera ko kalisiyumu ari ingenzi kugira ngo imitsi yacu, imitsi n’umutima bikore neza.

Iyi hormone ya parathyroid (Parathyroid Hormone - PTH) ikorwa n'uturemangingo twa parathyroid. Tuba mu ijosi ryacu, inyuma ya tiroyide. Ni uturemangingo tune duto cyane. Akazi kayo k'ingenzi ni ukugenzura ingano ya kalisiyumu mu maraso yacu . Wibuke ko atari kalisiyumu iri mu magufwa, ahubwo ari kalisiyumu iri mu maraso. Byongeye kandi, iyi PTH inafasha mu kugenzura imyunyu ngugu ya fosifore na vitamine D mu maraso no mu magufwa.

Imisemburo ya parathyroid (PTH) ikora ite?

Noneho reka turebe uburyo iyi hormone ya parathyroid (PTH) ikora. Iyo urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso yawe rugabanutse, uturemangingo twa parathyroid dusohora PTH. Bimeze nk'icyuma gipima. Iyi PTH ihita ikora ku bice byinshi by'umubiri wacu kugira ngo yongere izamure urugero rwa kalisiyumu.

• Amagufwa: Ubwa mbere, amagufwa yacu ahabwa ikimenyetso gito, kivuga ngo ‘Rekura kalisiyumu mu maraso.’ Hanyuma kalisiyumu nkeya iva mu magufwa yongerwa mu maraso. Ibi ntibica intege amagufwa, kuko iyi ni inzira igenzurwa.
• Impyiko: Icya kabiri, bigira ingaruka ku mpyiko zacu. Kimwe ni uko impyiko zifasha mu gukora vitamine D, yitwa calcitriol. Iyi calcitriol ifasha umubiri kwinjiza calcium mu byo urya. Ikindi ni uko ibwira impyiko 'gukomeza calcium mu mubiri, ntuyikure mu nkari'. Icyo gihe calcium ntizapfa ubusa.
• Uduce duto: Icya gatatu, nk'uko byavuzwe mbere, vitamine D (Calcitriol) yohereza ikimenyetso ku mara yacu mato kugira ngo yinjize kalisiyumu nyinshi mu biribwa turya.

Uko ni ko PTH ikora kugira ngo urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso rugume ku rugero rukwiye binyuze mu kugira ingaruka ku bice bitandukanye by'umubiri. Ese iyi si uburyo butangaje?

Ni gute umubiri wacu ugenzura urugero rwa PTH?

Ni gute umubiri wacu ugenzura uru rugero rwa PTH? Bibaho mu buryo butangaje cyane. Byitwa feedback loop . Mu magambo make, iyo kalisiyumu mu maraso igabanutse, imvubura za parathyroid zirashishikarizwa kandi zigasohora PTH. Iyo kalisiyumu mu maraso yiyongera, imenyesha imvubura 'kureka gukora PTH ubu, bihagije'. Nguko uko igenzurwa. Ni nk'imodoka iri mu nzu ifungura iyo amazi ari mu kigega cy'amazi ari make hanyuma ikazima iyo ikigega cyuzuye.

Ariko, rimwe na rimwe iyo hari ikibazo ku ngirabuzimafatizo zacu za parathyroid, iyi gahunda yo gusubiza ibibazo ishobora kudakora neza, bigatuma habaho PTH nyinshi cyangwa nkeya cyane. Ni bwo ibibazo bitangira.

Ni izihe ndwara zishobora kubaho iyo urugero rwa PTH ruhungabanye?

Noneho reka turebe indwara zishobora kubaho iyo urugero rwa hormone ya parathyroid (PTH) ruhungabanye.

Bigenda bite iyo urugero rwa PTH rwiyongereye? (Hyperparathyroidism)

Iyo urugero rwa PTH ruri hejuru cyane, turwita hyperparathyroidism . Hanyuma ibintu bibiri by'ingenzi bibaho:

• Urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso ruriyongera . Ibi byitwa hypercalcemia.
• Urugero rwa fosifore mu maraso ruragabanuka . Ibi byitwa hypophosphatemia.

Tekereza, PTH ikomeza kurekura kalisiyumu mu magufwa ikayishyira mu maraso, ikabuza impyiko kurekura kalisiyumu, kandi ikayikuramo byinshi mu biribwa ... hanyuma amaraso akazura kalisiyumu, sibyo? Ibi ni nk'umuyoboro ufunga amazi akarenga inkombe.

Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutera iyi ndwara, nko:

• Parathyroid Adenoma: Iyi si kanseri, ariko iyi kanseri ituma agahu gakora PTH nyinshi cyane. Iyi ni yo mpamvu ikunze kugaragara.
• Parathyroid Hyperplasia: Uturemangingo twose uko ari tune turakura kandi tugakora imisemburo myinshi.
• Indwara y'impyiko: Iyi ndwara ishobora kugaragara cyane cyane ku bantu bafite indwara y'impyiko igihe kirekire. Kubera ko iyo impyiko zidakora neza, umusaruro wa vitamine D uragabanuka kandi fosifore isohoka ikagabanuka. Ibi bitera imbaraga imvubura za parathyroid gukora PTH nyinshi.
• Kanseri ya Parathyroid: Ibi ni gake cyane, ariko birashoboka.

Bigenda bite iyo urugero rwa PTH rugabanutse? (Hypoparathyroidism)

Iyo urugero rwa PTH ruri hasi, byitwa hypoparathyroidism . Hanyuma ibinyuranye n'ibyo bibaho:

• Igipimo cya kalisiyumu mu maraso kiri hasi . Ibi byitwa hypocalcemia.
• Urugero rwa fosifore mu maraso ruriyongera . Ibi byitwa hyperphosphatemia.

Hypoparathyroidism ni indwara idakunze kugaragara. Inyinshi mu ndwara (hafi 75%) ziterwa no kwangirika cyangwa gukuraho imvubura za parathyroid mu gihe cyo kubagwa ijosi, cyane cyane kubagwa kwa tiroyide. Ishobora kandi guterwa n'indwara zimwe na zimwe za genetiki n'indwara ziterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri - indwara aho ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwibasira uturemangingo twabwo bwite.

Wamenya ute ko urugero rwa PTH rwawe rudasanzwe? Ni ibihe bimenyetso?

Nkuko twabiganiriyeho mbere, PTH igenzura cyane cyane ingano ya kalisiyumu mu maraso. Rero ibimenyetso bibaho iyo urugero rwa PTH ruri hasi cyangwa hejuru mu by'ukuri ni ibimenyetso by'urugero rwa kalisiyumu ruri hasi cyangwa ruri hejuru mu maraso. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo.

Ibimenyetso bya kalisiyumu nke mu maraso (Hypocalcemia):

Ushobora kumva ibintu nk'ibi:

• Igihu cyangwa urujijo mu bwonko . Bishobora kumvikana nk'aho umutwe wawe wuzuyemo igihu.
• Uruhu rwuma, inzara zigacika byoroshye, kandi umusatsi ukagwa.
• Kubabara imitsi, cyane cyane mu maguru no mu maboko.
• Kuryana mu minwa, mu ntoki cyangwa mu birenge.
• Ibintu nk'imihangayiko no kwiheba nabyo bishobora kubaho.
• Mu bihe bikomeye, indwara zo mu mutwe zishobora kubaho.

Tekereza, Niluka yumvise intoki ze zishaje, zimurya mu kanwa, maze inyama zo ku maguru ye zitangira guhinduka umutuku. Yumvise amerewe nabi cyane. Ubwo yajyaga kwa muganga ni bwo yamenye ko urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso ye rwari rwagabanutse, kandi impamvu yari hypoparathyroidism.

Ibimenyetso by'uko umuntu afite kalisiyumu nyinshi mu maraso (Hypercalcemia):

Ibimenyetso nk'ibi bishobora kugaragaza ko umuntu afite kalisiyumu nyinshi mu maraso:

• Numva ndushye cyane, nk'aho nta mbaraga mfite (Umunaniro). Uko nasinzira kose, umunaniro ntushira.
• Umutwe.
• Kubabara ingingo n'amagufwa.
• Gukenera kunyara kenshi no kugira inyota.
• Ibintu nko kubabara mu gifu, isesemi, kuruka no gucibwamo.
• Biragoye kwibanda ku kintu, kwibuka bigabanuka, no kwitiranya ibintu mu mutwe.
• Mu bihe bikomeye, amabuye mu mpyiko no gutera k'umutima mu buryo budasanzwe bishobora kubaho.

Urugero, Marume Saman yari amaze iminsi mike yumva ananiwe cyane, kandi ingingo ze zari zimubabaza. Yahoraga afite inyota kandi akeneye kujya mu bwiherero. Ubwo muganga yamusuzumaga, bamubwiye ko kalisiyumu mu maraso ye yari hejuru gato. Yari afite hyperparathyroidism.

Niba ufite ibi bimenyetso, bivuze ko wumva urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso yawe ruri hasi cyangwa ruri hejuru, ugomba kujya kwa muganga . Ntukibagirwe ibyo. Ibi si ibimenyetso byiza byo kwirengagiza.

Ni gute wasuzuma urwego rwa PTH?

Muganga wawe ashobora gusuzuma urugero rw'imisemburo ya parathyroid yawe akoresheje isuzuma ryoroheje ry'amaraso . Abaganga n'ama laboratwari bita iki kizamini "PTH, intact." Akenshi basuzuma urugero rwa kalisiyumu, fosifore, na vitamine D mu maraso yawe kugira ngo bamenye neza.

Ni izihe ngero zisanzwe za PTH?

Mu isuzuma risanzwe ry’amaraso ya PTH, urugero rwiza ruri hagati ya picograms 15 na 65 kuri mililitiro (pg/mL) . Picogram ni kimwe cya tiriyari imwe ya garama. Ibyo bivuze ko ingano nto cyane ikora akazi k’ingenzi mu mibiri yacu.

Ariko ikintu kimwe ugomba kuzirikana ni uko izi ndangagaciro zisanzwe zishobora gutandukana gato bitewe na laboratwari. Kubwibyo, ugomba guhora ureba urugero rusanzwe rw'iyo laboratwari kuri raporo y'isuzuma ry'amaraso yawe.

Niba upimwe indwara ya PTH, muganga wawe ni we uzasobanura neza ibisubizo. Azagereranya n'urugero rwa kalisiyumu yawe kandi akubwire niba hari ikindi gipimo gikenewe.

None se, ni ibihe bintu tugomba kwibuka muri ibi byose?

Hormone Parathyroid (PTH) ni imisemburo y'ingenzi cyane igenzura neza urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso yacu. Uru rugero rwa kalisiyumu ni ingenzi cyane ku mikorere myiza y'imitsi, imitsi n'umutima.

Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya hypercalcemia (calcium nyinshi mu maraso) cyangwa hypocalcemia (calcium nke mu maraso), nk'ibibazo by'imitsi, impinduka mu mikorere y'ubwonko, umunaniro ukabije, no kubabara amagufwa, ni ngombwa gushaka inama kwa muganga vuba. Iyo ibi bibazo bikomeje, bishobora kwangiza impyiko, umutima n'amagufwa.

Muganga wawe ashobora gukora ibizamini bike byoroshye kugira ngo amenye niba urugero rw'imisemburo ya parathyroid ari yo itera. Niba ari uko bimeze, bashobora guhita batangira kuvurwa. Hari igihe ibi bibazo bishobora kuvurwa n'imiti, rimwe na rimwe no kubagwa byoroheje. Rero, kwita ku mubiri wawe, gusobanukirwa ibimenyetso bitanga, no kubikora ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo gukomeza kugira ubuzima bwiza.

` Imisemburo ya parathyroid, PTH, kalisiyumu, hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia