Reka twige byose kuri Pons: ikiraro gito mu bwonko bwacu!

Twese tuzi ingingo nini mu mubiri wacu. Buri gihe tuvuga ku bintu nk'umutima, ibihaha, impyiko n'umwijima. Ariko se ni iki tuzi ku bice bito cyane biri mu bwonko bigenzura ibi byose, bigenzura umubiri wacu wose? Uyu munsi, tugiye kuvuga ku gice cy'ingenzi cyane cy'ubwonko, nubwo ari gito, gikora imirimo myinshi y'ingenzi mu buzima bwacu bucece. Iki gice tucyita pons .

Mu magambo make, iyi Pons ni iki?

Tekereza ubwonko bwawe nk'umujyi munini. Hagomba kuba hari imihanda n'ibiraro byo gutwara amakuru mu bice byose by'uyu mujyi. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, pons ni ikiraro gikomeye gikwirakwiza amakuru hagati y'igice cyo hejuru cy'ubwonko bwawe n'umugongo uri munsi yacyo. Mu by'ukuri, ijambo ry'ikilatini 'pons' risobanura 'ikiraro'.

Iherereye mu gice cya kabiri cy'ubwonko bwacu. Mu by'ukuri, hejuru gato ya medulla oblongata. Iki gice gito gikora nk'ikigo gikomeye gifasha gutwara ibimenyetso biva mu gice cyo hejuru cy'ubwonko bwacu bikagera mu bice byo hasi by'umubiri wacu, n'ibimenyetso biva mu mubiri bikagera mu bwonko.

Nanone, hari urusobe rwihariye rw'imitsi ifitanye isano itaziguye n'ubwonko bwacu. Iyi mitsi tuyita 'Imitsi yo mu bwonko' . Pons kandi ikora nk'ihuriro rikomeye kandi igahagarara kuri iyi mitsi myinshi. Kubwibyo, ifite isano n'ibintu byinshi nko kugaragara mu maso, uko amaso agenda, kumva no kuringaniza.

Ni iyihe mirimo y'ingenzi ya pons?

Iki kiraro gito gikora akazi kenshi. Kimwe n'ahantu hanini ho guhurira mu muhanda munini, ni ingenzi mu kohereza ibimenyetso mu mitsi yacu. Pons zirimo kandi imiti myinshi yihariye, yitwa neurotransmitters , ifasha muri uko kohereza ibimenyetso. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane mu kugena uburyo dusinzira.

Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igaragaza imirimo y'ingenzi ya pons.

Isano n'imitsi yo mu mutwe ifitanye isano itaziguye n'ubwonko

Hari imitsi 12 ikomeye ihuza ubwonko bwacu kandi ikagenzura imikorere y'isura, umutwe, n'ijosi. Iyi ni yo twita imitsi yo mu mutwe. Imizi y'ingenzi (nuclei) ya 4 muri iyi 12 iherereye muri pons. Ibi bivuze ko pons ari nk'icyicaro gikuru cy'iyi mitsi 4.

Aho amaponi aherereye, uko asa n'ingano yawo

Aho iherereye: Aha hantu haherereye mu nsi y'agahanga kacu, nk'igice kimwe cyo hasi cyane cy'ubwonko.

Ishusho: Isa n'igiti kiri hejuru y'indabyo z'amashu. Ifite ibara ryoroheje ry'umweru.

Ingano: Iyi ntabwo ari nini nkuko ushobora kubitekereza.

• Uburebure: Hafi santimetero 27.
• Ubugari: Hafi santimetero 38 (1.5 santimetero).
• Ubujyakuzimu: Hafi santimetero 25.

Amaponi akozwe mu ki?

Kimwe n'ubundi bwonko bwacu, pons zigizwe ahanini n'ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'imitsi. Izi zishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi.

1. Uturemangingo tw'imitsi (Neurons)

Izi ni zo selile z'ingenzi zikora mu mitsi yacu. Izi selile zohereza kandi zikakira ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi n'ibinyabutabire. Hari ibice byinshi by'ingenzi bya neuron:

• Umubiri w'ingirabuzimafatizo: Iki ni cyo gice cy'ingenzi cy'ingirabuzimafatizo.
• Axon: Igice kirekire, gisa n'ukuboko gituruka ku mubiri w'ingirabuzimafatizo. Gikoreshwa mu gutwara ibimenyetso ku zindi ngirabuzimafatizo.
• Dendrites: Imiterere mito, ifite amashami menshi nk'amashami y'igiti. Iyi miterere yakira ibimenyetso bivuye ku zindi nyuroni.
• Myeline: Agakoresho k'ibinure gakingira ikirenge cya axon. Ibi bifasha ibimenyetso kugenda vuba.

2. Uturemangingo twa Glial

Aba ni nk'itsinda ry'abakozi bashinzwe gufasha neurons. Nubwo badatanga ibimenyetso, izi cells zifasha neurons kuguma zifite ubuzima bwiza, kuzirinda, kuzigaburira, no kuzirinda kwandura. Mu by'ukuri, hari cells za glial zikubye inshuro icumi ugereranyije na neurons mu mitsi yacu.

Ni izihe ndwara zikunze kugaragara zishobora kugira ingaruka ku ma pons?

Kimwe n'indwara iyo ari yo yose igira ingaruka ku bwonko, pons zishobora kwibasirwa n'indwara zitandukanye kuko ziba ahantu hakomeye kandi hakomeye.

• Stroke: Kwangirika guterwa no kuziba cyangwa gucika k'umuyoboro w'amaraso utanga amaraso ku mashanyarazi.
• Ibibyimba byo mu bwonko: Ibibyimba, byaba ibya kanseri cyangwa ibitari kanseri, bishobora kugaragara mu myanya y'ubuhumekero cyangwa hafi yayo.
• Ibikomere byo mu bwonko bikomeretse: Ibikomere byo mu mutwe biturutse ku mpanuka nabyo bishobora kwangiza pons.
• Multiple sclerosis: Indwara y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri yangiza myelin itwikiriye imitsi.
• Kugabanya umuvuduko wa myelin mu gice cyo hagati cy’inyama: Indwara ikomeye iterwa no kwangirika k’umuvuduko wa myelin mu gice cyo hagati cy’inyama bitewe no gukosora vuba urugero rwa sodium mu mubiri.
• Indwara yo mu nda ifungiranye: Indwara ibabaje cyane iterwa no kwangirika gukomeye kwa pons. Muri iyi ndwara, umurwayi aba afite ubwenge ariko ntashobora kwimura igice icyo ari cyo cyose cy'umubiri uretse amaso.
• Indwara: Indwara nka bagiteri na virusi nazo zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mitsi ikwirakwira mu bwonko.

Ibimenyetso bishobora kubaho iyo hari ikibazo kuri pons

Ibimenyetso bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'igice cya pons cyangiritse, kuko nkuko twabivuze mbere, gikora imirimo itandukanye.

Ibizamini bigenzura ubuzima bw'ingufu zo mu bwoko bwa pons

Niba ufite ibimenyetso nk'ibi, muganga wawe ashobora kugusuzuma no kukwohereza mu bipimo bitandukanye kugira ngo amenye icyateye indwara yawe.

• Isuzuma ry'imitsi: Muganga azasuzuma ibintu nko kuringaniza imikorere y'amaso yawe, uko imitsi yo mu maso ikora, n'imikorere y'imitsi yo mu maso.
• MRI scan: Ubu ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kubona amashusho asobanutse neza y'ubwonko na pons.
• Gupima CT: Ibi bishobora no gufata amafoto y'ubwonko, cyane cyane mu bihe byihutirwa.
• Gupima amaraso: Ibi bifasha mu kumenya indwara zandura, ibibazo by’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, cyangwa uburozi mu mubiri.
• Ikizamini cya EEG: Ikizamini gipima imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'ubwonko.
• Gupima imiterere y'uturemangingo: Niba ukeka ko hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zidakunze kugaragara zikomoka ku murage, ushobora koherezwa muri iki kizamini.

Ibibazo biri muri pons bivurwa bite?

Nta buryo bumwe bwihariye bwo kuvura ibi. Ubuvuzi bushingira gusa ku cyateye indwara.

• Mu gihe umuntu afite ubumuga, hatangwa uburyo bwo gushonga cyangwa gukuraho amaraso yagabanutse.
• Niba ari ikibyimba cyo mu bwonko, kubagwa, kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imirasire, cyangwa imiti ivura indwara ya kanseri bishobora kuba ngombwa, bitewe n'ubwoko bwacyo.
• Iyo hari ubwandu, imiti igabanya ubukana cyangwa indi miti izatangwa kugira ngo ivurwe.
• Mu ndwara nka sclerosis nyinshi, ushobora gufata imiti kugira ngo ugenzure iyo ndwara ubuzima bwawe bwose.
• Mu ndwara zimwe na zimwe zidakira, uburyo bwo kuvura indwara nka physiotherapy butangwa kugira ngo bugabanye ibimenyetso no kubungabunga ubuzima bw'umurwayi.

Ni iki twakora kugira ngo turinde ubuzima bw'imbwa?

Ntidushobora gukumira indwara zimwe na zimwe zifata pons, nk'indwara zikomoka ku ngirabuzimafatizo. Ariko, hari byinshi dushobora gukora kugira ngo tugabanye ibyago byacu.

• Kurya indyo yuzuye: Indyo ikungahaye kuri vitamine n'intungamubiri ni ingenzi cyane ku buzima bw'imitsi yawe.
• Komeza kugira ibiro byiza kandi ugire imyitozo ngororamubiri: Ibi bintu bishobora gufasha mu kurwanya indwara zongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara zo mu bwonko, nk'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, diyabete na cholesterol.
• Ambara ibikoresho by'umutekano: Mu gihe ugenda ku magare, kuri moto, cyangwa urimo gukora akazi kateza akaga, menya neza ko wambaye ingofero yo mu mutwe nk'ingofero. Gukomereka ku mutwe bishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.
• Gucunga neza indwara zawe zidakira: Niba ufite indwara nk'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso na diyabete, kurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe kandi ufate imiti wahawe . Iyo idacunzwe, kwangirika k'ubwonko bishobora kuba bikomeye.

Amaherezo, pons ni igice gito, ariko gifite imbaraga, kandi cy'ingenzi mu mubiri wacu. Nubwo dushobora kuba tutabizi, iki kiraro gito kirimo gukora bucece buri guhumeka dufata, buri segonda dusinziriye, na buri kanya tubungabunga uburinganire bw'umubiri wacu. Kubwibyo, kwita ku buzima bw'ubwonko bwacu muri rusange ni uburyo bwiza bwo kurinda iki gice gito.