Byose ku bijyanye no gupima imiterere y'umubiri mbere yo kubyara mu magambo yoroshye

Uri umubyeyi utwite? Icyo wifuza cyane ni ukubyara umwana muzima. Ushobora kuba uzi neza ibizamini by'amaraso n'ibipimo bipimwa mu gihe utwite kugira ngo ubuzima bwawe n'ubw'umwana wawe burusheho kuba bwiza. Ariko se wigeze wumva ubwoko bwihariye bw'ikizamini gishobora kumenya mbere y'igihe niba umwana wawe utaravuka afite indwara y'uturemangingo cyangwa se afite inenge? Uyu munsi turimo kuvuga kuri iyi ngingo y'ingenzi cyane abantu benshi bibazaho, ari yo Gupima Uturemangingo tw'Umubiri w'Umwana Utaravuka.

Mu magambo make, iki kizamini cy’uturemangingo ni iki?

Kugira ngo tubisobanukirwe, reka tubanze turebe icyo gene na chromosomes ari cyo. Tekereza umubiri wacu nk'inyubako nini. Genesis ni igishushanyo mbonera cyuzuye, cyangwa amabwiriza, yo kubaka iyo nyubako. Chromosomes ni nk'ibitabo binini bikomeza izi genes mu buryo bukurikiranye. Iyo umwana akuze, kimwe cya kabiri cy'ibi "bitabo" biragwa na nyina, ikindi gice kigahabwa se.

Rero, rimwe na rimwe hashobora kubaho inenge, amakosa, cyangwa impinduka muri aya mabwiriza, cyangwa muri ibi "bitabo". Icyo gihe ni bwo umwana ashobora kugira ikibazo cy'uturemangingo cyangwa ubusembwa bw'ivuka. Rero, Gupima Uturemangingo tw'Imbere yo Kubyara ni igikorwa cyo gupima umwana mbere yo kuvuka, mu gihe atwite, kugira ngo harebwe niba umwana afite ikibazo nk'icyo.

Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'ibizamini: reka dusobanukirwe itandukaniro

Ibi bizamini bya gene bishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri by'ingenzi. Ni ngombwa cyane gusobanukirwa itandukaniro nyaryo riri hagati y'ibyo byombi.

1. Ibizamini byo gusuzuma: Ibi ni ibizamini bipima ibyago.

2. Ibizamini byo gusuzuma indwara: Ibi ni ibizamini byemeza imiterere y'indwara.

Tekereza nk'iteganyagihe. Ikizamini cyo gusuzuma kivuga ngo "Hari amahirwe angana na 70% ko imvura izagwa uyu munsi." Givuga gusa ko hari amahirwe menshi ko imvura izagwa, ntabwo ari uko imvura izagwa burundu. Ikizamini cyo gusuzuma ni nko kwemeza nta gushidikanya ko "imvura irimo kugwa ubu."

Iri tandukaniro rishobora kumvikana neza ukurikije imbonerahamwe iri hepfo.

Ni ibihe bipimo byo gupima bikunze gukoreshwa cyane?

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibizamini byo gupima. Muganga wawe azagusaba ibikubereye.

1. Gupima ababyeyi mu buryo bw'uturemangingo (Gupima abanduye)

Iki ni ikizamini cy'ingenzi cyane. Ibi ntibikorerwa umwana, ahubwo bikorerwa nyina na se. Hariho indwara zimwe na zimwe zikomoka ku maraso, kandi nubwo dufite gene itera iyo ndwara mu mubiri wacu, ntabwo tugaragaza ibimenyetso by'iyo ndwara. Twitwa 'abayifata' . Tekereza ko uri umuntu ufata indwara runaka, kandi umugabo wawe nawe akaba ari umuntu ufata indwara imwe, nubwo mwembi mudafite ibimenyetso, hari ibyago bya 25% by'uko umwana azavukana iyo ndwara. Thalassemia, indwara ikunze kugaragara muri Sri Lanka, ni urugero rwiza rw'ibi.

• Ibi bikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bworoshye bwo gupima amaraso.
• Ubusanzwe, umubyeyi ni we ubanza gupimwa. Iyo nyina agaragaye ko afite ubwandu, na se arapimwa.
• Iki kizamini kigomba gukorwa rimwe mu buzima bwose .

2. Ibizamini byo kureba ibitagenda neza mu miterere y'uturemangingo tw'umwana

Buri selile mu mubiri wacu ifite chromosomes 23, zose hamwe zikaba 46. Hari igihe, iyo umwana asamwe, umubare w'izi chromosomes ushobora guhinduka. Urugero, iyo hari chromosomes eshatu 21 aho kuba ebyiri, bishobora gutera Down syndrome.Hari ibizamini byinshi bikorwa kugira ngo harebwe ingaruka z'ibyo bibazo.

• Gupima ADN y'umwana ukiri mu nda (NIPT): Iri ni ijambo ryo mu rurimi rwa Sinhala risobanura 'Gupima mbere yo kubyara bidatera indwara'. Iri ni ikoranabuhanga rigezweho cyane. Iyo utwite, hari uduce duto cyane twa ADN y'umwana wawe tugenda mu maraso yawe. Iki kizamini gikoresha ingero yoroheje y'amaraso yakuweho kugira ngo utandukanye uduce twa ADN y'umwana wawe kandi urebe niba hari ibyago byo kurwara indwara zisanzwe nka Down syndrome. Ibi bishobora gukorwa nyuma y'ibyumweru 10 utwite .
• Gupima amaraso y'umubyeyi: Iki ni ikizamini gikorerwa ku maraso ya nyina. Ariko, ibi ntibireba ADN y'umwana, ahubwo bireba urwego rwa poroteyine zimwe na zimwe mu maraso ya nyina. Hashingiwe kuri izi ngano za poroteyine, ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya genetiki birabarwa. Quad Screen ni urugero rw'ubu bwoko bw'ikizamini. Ibi bigomba gukorwa mu byumweru runaka mu gihe cyo gutwita.

3. Ibizamini byo gusuzuma niba hari ibitagenda neza ku mubiri w'umwana

Ibi akenshi bikorwa binyuze mu gupima ultrasound.

• Isuzuma rya Nuchal Translucency (NT): Iri ni isuzuma ryihariye rikorwa hagati y'ibyumweru 11 na 14 byo gutwita. Ripima ubunini bw'urugingo rw'amazi munsi y'uruhu inyuma y'ijosi ry'umwana. Niba ubu bunini buri hejuru y'ubusanzwe, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'uko hari ikibazo mu mikurire y'amaraso, nka Down syndrome, cyangwa ikibazo ku mutima w'umwana.
• Gupima AFP (Gupima amaraso y'umubyeyi): Iki ni ikizamini cy'amaraso gikorwa hagati y'ibyumweru 15-22. Niba urugero rwa poroteyine yitwa AFP ruri hejuru mu maraso ya nyina, bishobora kugaragaza ikibazo cy'umugongo w'umwana (uturemangingo tw'imitsi) cyangwa inda.
• Gupima Akanato k'Umwana Ukiri Mu Nda (Anomaly Scan): Iyi ni scan ababyeyi benshi bazi. Muri iyi scan ikomeye, ikorwa hagati y'ibyumweru 18 na 20 , muganga asuzuma witonze buri gice cy'umwana, kuva ku mutwe kugeza ku mano, harimo ubwonko, umutima, impyiko, uruti rw'umugongo, amaguru n'amaboko, no mu maso.

Ibizamini byo gusuzuma indwara byemeza ko umuntu yarwaye

Niba ibisubizo by'ikizamini cyo gupimwa bitameze neza, cyangwa niba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kubyara umwana ufite indwara ikomoka ku ngirabuzimafatizo (urugero, kuba ufite imyaka irenga 35, amateka y'umuryango), muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gupima indwara kugira ngo yemeze iyo ndwara.

Ibi bizamini ni ukuri cyane kuko bifata icyitegererezo cy'uturemangingo tw'umwana. Ariko, ntabwo ari ibintu byoroshye nko gusuzuma. Bifatwa nk'ibipimo 'by'ubwiyongere',Hari ibyago bike cyane (0.1% - 0.5%) byo gukuramo inda.

Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'ibizamini byo gusuzuma indwara:

1. Amniocentesis: Ibi bikunze gukorwa hagati y'ibyumweru 16 na 20 byo gutwita . Muri iki kizamini, muganga, abiyobowe na scanner, ashyira urushinge ruto cyane mu nda yawe mu mura wawe maze agakuramo amazi make ya amniotic akikije umwana. Aya mazi arimo uturemangingo tw'umwana.

2. Gupima Viliyonike (CVS): Ibi bikunze gukorwa mbere gato, hagati y'ibyumweru 11 na 13 byo gutwita . Aha, urushinge rushyirwa mu nda cyangwa mu gitsina hanyuma agace gato cyane k'urugingo rugakurwa muri placenta. Uturemangingo turi muri placenta dusa n'uturemangingo tw'umwana.

Kohereza ibi bipimo muri laboratwari kugira ngo bipimwe, bishobora kumenyekana neza niba umwana afite ibibazo bya chromosomes.

Ese ni ngombwa gukora ibi bizamini? Ni nde w'ingenzi kuri bo?

Oya, si itegeko gukora ibi bizamini. Iki ni icyemezo cy’umuntu ku giti cye kuri wowe n’umuryango wawe. Mbere yo gufata icyo cyemezo, ugomba gutekereza ku byo wemera, indangagaciro zawe, n’imigambi yawe y’ejo hazaza.

Hari ababyeyi bakunda kumenya ikibazo cy’uburwayi mbere y’uko umwana wabo avuka. Muri ubwo buryo, bagira umwanya wo kubitegura mbere y’igihe, kubyiga no kwitegura mu mutwe ubuvuzi bwihariye n’ubuvuzi umwana azakenera.

Nanone, hari igihe ibisubizo bishobora kuba bibi cyane, kandi bamwe mu babyeyi basabwa gufata ibyemezo bigoye cyane, nko gukomeza gutwita cyangwa kutabikomeza.

Ubusanzwe, ibi bizamini byitabwaho cyane mu bihe bikurikira:

• Niba ibisubizo by'ikizamini cyakozwe mbere byari 'ibishobora gutera ibyago byinshi'.
• Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe cyangwa uw'umugabo wawe ufite indwara y'uturemangingo.
• Iyo umubyeyi arengeje imyaka 35 (kuko ibyago byo kurwara zimwe na zimwe mu ndwara zikomoka ku ngirabuzimafatizo byiyongera uko umuntu agenda akura).
• Niba warigeze gukuramo inda cyangwa kubyara umwana wapfuye mbere.

Ibibazo by'ingenzi ugomba kubaza muganga wawe

Mbere yo gufata icyemezo kuri ibi, baza muganga wawe ibibazo byose ufite mu mutwe kandi ubisobanure neza. Ntugire icyo uhisha.

• "Ukurikije imyaka yanjye n'amateka yanjye y'ubuzima, ni ibihe bipimo byo gupimwa bimbera byiza?"
• "Niba ibisubizo by'ikizamini cyo gupimwa bitameze neza, twakora iki nyuma?"
• "Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora kubaho ku mwana cyangwa kuri njye mu gihe nkoze ikizamini cyo gusuzuma?"
• "Ni iki gishobora gutuma habaho ibimenyetso bitari byo muri ibi bizamini?"
• "Bitwara igihe kingana iki kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo?"
• "Ese ikizamini nka NIPT gishobora no kumenya igitsina cy'umwana?" (Yego, ikizamini cya NIPT ndetse wenda na scan ya Anomaly nabyo bishobora kumenya igitsina cy'umwana.)