Ese wowe, cyangwa umuntu uzi, wigeze wumva utazi niba ibintu utekereza cyangwa wumva ari ukuri cyangwa atari byo? Hari igihe ushobora kumva umeze nk'uri mu yindi si, ubona kandi ukumva ibintu abandi badashobora gusobanukirwa. Ubwo ni bwo bwoko bw'indwara yo mu mutwe tugiye kuvugaho uyu munsi , schizophrenia . Nubwo ibi bishobora gusa n'ibigoye, reka tubikomeze byoroshye.

Iyi ndwara y'amarangamutima ya schizophrenic ni iyihe?

Mu magambo make, schizophrenia ni indwara ikomeye yo mu mutwe igira ingaruka ku bwonko bwawe no ku mubiri wawe. Ibangamira uburyo ubwonko bwawe bukora. Ibi bivuze ko ibitekerezo byawe, kwibuka, ibyiyumvo (ibyiyumvo), n'imyitwarire bishobora kugorana. Ibi bishobora kukugora gukora mu bice byinshi by'ubuzima bwawe bwa buri munsi. Iyo itavuwe, iyi ndwara ishobora kugira ingaruka kuri byose kuva ku kazi kawe kugeza ku mibanire yawe n'abandi ndetse n'imibanire y'urukundo. Ushobora kandi kunanirwa gushyira ibitekerezo byawe mu murongo kandi ushobora kwitwara mu buryo bushobora kukuzanira ingaruka mbi cyangwa ibindi bibazo by'ubuzima.

Ese hari ubwoko bwa schizophrenia ?

Mu bihe byashize, abaganga b'indwara zo mu mutwe bavugaga ku bwoko butandukanye bwa schizophrenia . Urugero, ``Paranoid Schizophrenia`` (ubwoko aho ukeka ibintu byose kandi ukumva ko hari umuntu ukurwanya) na ``Catatonic Schizophrenia`` (ubwoko aho ugumana umubiri wawe mu mwanya umwe cyangwa ugendagenda cyane). Ariko, ubu buryo bwo gushyira mu byiciro ntabwo bwari ingirakamaro mu gusuzuma neza indwara cyangwa guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo kuyivura.

Kubwibyo, abahanga ubu babibona nk'indwara ifite ibice bitandukanye n'urwego rumwe rw'indwara. Nk'uko umukororombya ufite amabara menshi afitanye isano, ufatwa nk'"umukororombya". Dore zimwe mu ndwara zigwa muri iyi "Schizophrenia spectrum":

• `(Schizotypal personality disorder)` (Ibi nabyo biri mu cyiciro cy'indwara z'imico)
• `(Delusional disorder)` (kuba hari byinshi byibeshya)
• `(Indwara y'imitekerereze migufi)` (Urujijo rwo mu mutwe rw'igihe gito)
• `(Schizophreniform disorder)` (Ibimenyetso bisa na schizophrenia , ariko bimara igihe gito)
• Indwara ya Schizoaffective (indwara irangwa no guhinduka kw'amarangamutima hamwe n'ibimenyetso bya Schizoaffective )
• Izindi ndwara za schizoaffective spectrum zavuzwe cyangwa zitarasobanuwe. Izi zituma abaganga bashobora kumenya ubwoko budasanzwe bw'indwara ya schizoaffective idakunze kugaragara.

Ni nde urebwa cyane n'iki kibazo?

Ubusanzwe indwara ya schizophrenia itangira hagati y’imyaka 15 na 25 ku bagabo, naho abagore bakaba bafite hagati y’imyaka 25 na 35. Hafi 20% by’abamaze kurwara iyi ndwara baba bafite imyaka irenga 45. Iyo ibaye muri iyi myaka, ifata abagabo kurusha abagore.

Ni gake cyane abana barwara indwara ya schizophrenia , ariko ntabwo ari ibidashoboka. Iyo iyi ndwara itangiye bakiri abana, akenshi ishobora kuba ikomeye cyane kandi ikagorana kuyivura.

Indwara ya schizophrenia ikunze kugaragara gute?

Iyi ni indwara ikunze kugaragara. Ku isi yose, ifata abantu bagera kuri 221 kuri 100.000.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bitanu by'ingenzi bya schizophrenia ?

Akenshi, abantu barwaye schizophrenia ntibamenya ko bafite ibi bimenyetso. Ariko abakukikije, umuryango wawe, n'inshuti zawe, bashobora kubona izi mpinduka. Dore ibimenyetso bitanu by'ingenzi bya schizophrenia :

1. Ibinyoma: Ibi ni imyizerere y'ibinyoma ufite mu mutwe wawe idashobora kwemezwa ko ari iy'ukuri, uko ibimenyetso ufite byaba bingana kose. Urugero, ushobora gutekereza ko hari umuntu ugenzura ibyo utekereza, uvuga, cyangwa ukora. Cyangwa, ushobora gutekereza ko hari umuntu ukugambanira cyangwa ushaka kukugirira nabi. Wenda utekereza ko ufite imbaraga zidasanzwe cyangwa ko uzwi cyane.

2. Kurota ibintu bitagaragara: Indwara aho ubona, wumva, wumva, uhumura cyangwa uryoherwa n'ibintu bitaboneka. Ikunze kugaragara ni ukumva amajwi atariho. Ayo majwi ashobora kukuvugisha, akakunenga ku byo ukora, cyangwa akaguha amabwiriza.

3. Kuvuga nabi cyangwa kutumvikana: Ushobora kugira ingorane zo gushyira ibitekerezo byawe mu murongo igihe uvuga. Ibi bishobora gusobanura ko bigoye kuguma ku ngingo, cyangwa ibitekerezo byawe bishobora kuba bivanze ku buryo abandi bashobora kutumva ibyo uvuga. Hari igihe ushobora kunanirwa gushyira hamwe amagambo yawe kandi ukavuga mu buryo budafite ishingiro.

4. Imigendere idahuje n'imiterere cyangwa idasanzwe: Imigendere yawe n'imyitwarire yawe bishobora kuba bitandukanye n'ibyo abandi batekereza. Urugero, ushobora kuzenguruka ahantu hamwe nta mpamvu igaragara, cyangwa ugahita ucika intege mu mwanya wawe nta n'umwe ugenda. Ushobora kandi kugira imyifatire idasanzwe.

5. Ibimenyetso bibi: Ibi bivuga kugabanuka cyangwa gutakaza ubushobozi bwawe bwo gukora uko ubyiteze. Urugero, ushobora kutagira amarangamutima mu maso, cyangwa ukavuga mu ijwi ritarimo amarangamutima.Ibi birimo gutakaza ubushake mu kintu icyo ari cyo cyose, cyane cyane kuba umuntu ukunda gusabana n'abandi, no gutakaza ubushake mu gukora ibintu ukunda. Ushobora kandi gutakaza ubushake bwo kugira isuku no kwita ku isura yawe.

Bitewe n'ibi bimenyetso, ushobora no guhura n'ibintu nk'ibi:

• Kugira amakenga no gutinya ibintu byose.
• Kutita ku isuku n'uko umuntu asa.
• Kwiheba, guhangayika, no gutekereza kwiyahura bishobora kubaho.
• Ushobora kugerageza gukoresha nabi inzoga, nikotine, imiti yanditswe na muganga, cyangwa indi miti kugira ngo ugabanye ibyo bimenyetso.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera schizophrenia ?

Schizophrenia nta mpamvu imwe itera. Impuguke zemeza ko iterwa n'ibintu bitandukanye. Impamvu eshatu z'ingenzi zagaragaye:

• Kudahuza kw'ibimenyetso bya shimi bikoreshwa mu gutumanaho hagati y'uturemangingo tw'ubwonko.
• Ibibazo bijyanye n'iterambere ry'ubwonko mbere yo kuvuka.
• Gutakaza isano hagati y'ibice bitandukanye by'ubwonko.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera indwara ya schizophrenia ?

Nubwo impamvu nyazo zibitera zitaramenyekana neza, hari ibintu byinshi byongera ibyago byo kurwara iyi ndwara:

• Ibidukikije: Hari ibintu byinshi biri mu bidukikije bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya schizophrenia . Kuvuka mu gihe cy'itumba byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara zimwe na zimwe. Indwara zimwe na zimwe zigira ingaruka ku bwonko, nk'indwara zandura n'indwara zifata ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri (aho ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe bwibasira ibice by'umubiri wawe), nabyo bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara. Kuba ufite stress nyinshi igihe kirekire nabyo bishobora kubitera.
• Ibintu bitera imikurire n'ivuka: Uburyo ukura mu nda bushobora kugira ingaruka ku byago byawe byo kurwara indwara ya schizophrenia . Niba umubyeyi wawe yari afite diyabete yo mu gihe cyo gutwita, preeclampsia, imirire mibi, cyangwa kubura vitamine D mu gihe atwite, ushobora kuba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara schizophrenia . Ushobora kandi kuba ufite ibyago byinshi niba waravutse ufite ibiro bike cyangwa waragize ibibazo mu gihe cyo kubyara (nk'ubwicanyi bwihutirwa bwo kubagwa).
• Gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge: Gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge bimwe na bimwe, cyane cyane ku rugero rwo hejuru no mu bwana, byagaragaye ko bitera indwara ya schizophrenia . Isano iri hagati yo gukoresha urumogi cyane mu rubyiruko, cyane cyane abangavu, n'iyi ndwara yigwaho cyane. Ariko impuguke ntiziramenya neza niba ikoreshwa rya urumogi rifitanye isano na schizophrenia.Ese ni impamvu itaziguye, cyangwa ni impamvu gusa igira uruhare muri ibyo?

Ese indwara ya schizophrenia iterwa n'uturemangingo?

Impuguke ntizirabona impamvu imwe rukumbi itera schizophrenia , bityo ntibiramenyekana neza niba iterwa n'imiterere y'uturemangingo. Ariko, niba umuntu wo mu muryango wawe, cyane cyane umubyeyi cyangwa umuvandimwe wawe, afite schizophrenia , uba uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara iyo ndwara.

Indwara ya schizophrenia ipimwa ite?

Muganga wawe (cyangwa uw'uwo ukunda) ashobora gusuzuma indwara ya schizophrenia cyangwa indi ndwara ifitanye isano nayo abajije ibibazo, asobanura ibimenyetso byawe, kandi akareba imyitwarire yawe. Azabaza kandi ibibazo kugira ngo ashake izindi mpamvu zishobora gutera ibimenyetso byawe. Hanyuma, bazagereranya ibyo byavuyemo n'ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gusuzuma schizophrenia .

Dukurikije igitabo cy’indwara zo mu mutwe (DSM-5), gusuzuma indwara ya schizoaffective bisaba:

• Nibura ibimenyetso bibiri by'ingenzi twavuze bigomba kuba biriho.
• Ugomba kuba waragize ibi bimenyetso byibuze mu gihe cy'ukwezi .
• Ibimenyetso byawe bigomba kuba byaragize ingaruka ku kazi kawe cyangwa ku mibanire yawe (inshuti, urukundo, umwuga, cyangwa ibindi) .

Ni ibihe bipimo bikorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane iyi ndwara?

Nta bipimo byihariye byo gusuzuma indwara ya schizophrenia bihari. Ariko, mbere yo gusuzuma indwara ya schizophrenia , abaganga bashobora gukora ibizamini bimwe na bimwe kugira ngo barebe ko hari izindi ndwara. Ubwoko bw'ibizamini bukunze kugaragara ni ubu:

• Ibipimo byo gufata amashusho: Abaganga bakoresha ibipimo byo gufata amashusho, nka computerized tomography (CT) scan cyangwa magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, kugira ngo bakureho ibibazo nk'imitsi yo mu bwonko, imvune zo mu bwonko, ibibyimba byo mu bwonko, cyangwa izindi mpinduka mu miterere y'ubwonko.
• Ibipimo by'amaraso, inkari, n'amazi yo mu ruti rw'umugongo (umugongo utemba): Ibi bizamini bireba impinduka mu binyabutabire mu mazi yo mu mubiri wawe kugira ngo harebwe ibintu bishobora gutuma imyitwarire yawe ihinduka. Ibi bishobora gukuraho ibintu nk'uburozi bw'ibyuma biremereye, izindi mpamvu zitera uburozi, n'indwara zandura.
• Gupima imikorere y'ubwonko: Ikizamini cya electroencephalogram (EEG) gipima kandi kigafata amajwi imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'ubwonko bwawe. Iki kizamini gishobora gufasha mu gukuraho indwara nka epilepsy.

Ese indwara ya schizophrenia ishobora kuvurwa?

Schizophrenia ntishobora gukira burundu.Ariko iyi akenshi ni indwara ishobora kuvurwa. Ijanisha rito cyane ry'abantu bashobora gukira burundu indwara ya schizophrenia . Ariko si umuti, kuko nta buryo bwo kumenya uzasubiramo n'utazasubiramo. Niyo mpamvu abahanga bafata abantu bakira iyi ndwara nk' "abari mu kaga."

Indwara ya schizophrenia ivurwa ite?

Ubusanzwe kuvura indwara ya schizophrenia bikubiyemo imiti ivanze, uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe, n'uburyo bwo kwicunga. Muri byo harimo:

• Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe yo mu kigero cya mbere n'icya kabiri: Imiti nka Haloperidol - Haldol®, Aripiprazole - Abilify®, Aristada®, Olanzapine - Zyprexa®, Lyablvi®, Symbyax®, na Quetiapine - Seroquel® ikora mu kubuza imikorere y'imiti imwe n'imwe (neurotransmitters) ubwonko bwawe bukoresha mu kohereza ubutumwa hagati y'uturemangingo. Ariko, ibi bishobora gutera ingaruka mbi nko gusinzira, kwiyongera ibiro, no gutigita.
• Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe: FDA iherutse kwemeza ubwoko bushya bw'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe yitwa Xanomeline na trospium chloride (Cobenfy™). Ubu bwoko bw'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe bukora ku ngirabuzimafatizo za cholinergic aho gukoresha dopamine receptors. Mu igeragezwa rya muganga, ubu buryo bushya bwagaragaye ko bugabanya ibimenyetso bya schizophrenia kandi bufite ingaruka zitandukanye. Ingaruka mbi zirimo isesemi, kubabara mu gifu, kugumana inkari, kwiyongera k'umutima, no kuribwa mu nda.
• Ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze: Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara nka CBT bushobora kugufasha guhangana n'iyi ndwara no kuyifata neza. Ubuvuzi bw'igihe kirekire bushobora kandi gufasha mu bibazo bya kabiri nko guhangayika, kwiheba, cyangwa gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge bishobora guherekezwa na schizophrenia .
• Ubuvuzi bukoresha amashanyarazi (ECT): Niba ubundi buryo bwo kuvura butagenze neza, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gukoresha ECT. Ubu buryo bwo kuvura butuma amashanyarazi anyura mu mutwe wawe, bigatuma ibice bimwe na bimwe by'ubwonko bwawe birushaho gukora neza. Ubu buryo butera indwara nk'iy'igicuri, ishobora gufasha kunoza imikorere y'ubwonko ku bantu bafite ihungabana rikomeye cyangwa imihangayiko. Niba ufite ECT, uzahabwa ikinya. Bityo uzaba usinziriye mu gihe cyo kubagwa kandi ntuzumva ububabare.

Nzumva meze neza nyuma y'igihe kingana iki?

Muganga wawe ni we muntu mwiza wo kukubwira igihe bizatwara kugira ngo wumve umeze neza ukoresheje imiti n'imiti. Imiti itandukanye ifata igihe gitandukanye kugira ngo ikore. Muganga wawe ashobora kandi kukuganiriza ku bundi buryo bwo kuvura bushobora gufasha mu gihe ubuvuzi bwawe bwa mbere budakora.

Ni iki nakwitega mu gihe mfite iyi ndwara?

Schizophrenia ni indwara itandukana cyane bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye. Ushobora kugira ingorane mu bintu nk'akazi, imibanire, no kwiyitaho. Ariko iyo uvuwe, ushobora gukora, kwiyitaho, no kugirana umubano mwiza.

Iyi ndwara ikunze kugira ingaruka ku buryo butunguranye. Ibi bivuze ko hashobora kubaho ibihe indwara irushaho kugaragara kandi ibimenyetso byawe bikaba bibi cyane. Hanyuma hashobora kubaho ibihe ibimenyetso byawe birushaho kumera neza, ariko ntibibe neza.

Uko iki kibazo cyaba gikomeye kose, ntukibagirwe ko ukoresheje uburyo bwo kuvura ushobora kwihanganira no kugabanya ingaruka zacyo ku buzima bwawe.

Ni iki giteganyijwe kuri iki kibazo?

Schizophrenia si indwara yica. Ariko ingaruka zayo zishobora gutera imyitwarire mibi cyangwa mibi. Hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy'abantu barwaye schizophrenia bahura n'ibimenyetso birushaho kwiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ibi bishobora guterwa n'uko ibimenyetso byawe bitakira kuvurwa, cyangwa kuko ubona bigoye gukurikiza gahunda yo kuvura neza kugira ngo ucunge ikibazo cyawe. Hafi 10% by'abantu barwaye schizophrenia bapfa biyahuye.

Abandi bakira neza iyo bavuwe, ariko bashobora kugira ibihe aho ibimenyetso bigaruka bikarushaho kwiyongera. Bashobora kandi kugira ibibazo bihoraho, nko kugorwa no gutekereza no kunanirwa, bitewe n'ingaruka z'indwara yari isanzweho.

Nigute nagabanya ibyago byanjye, cyangwa nkabyirinda?

Kubera ko abahanga bataramenya neza impamvu indwara ya schizophrenia itera, ntibishoboka kuyirinda cyangwa ngo bigabanya ibyago byo kuyirwara.

Nitwara nte?

Niba urwaye schizophrenia , ugomba gukora ibi bikurikira kugira ngo wite ku buzima bwawe no kugufasha:

• Fata imiti yawe uko byategetswe: Ikintu cy'ingenzi ushobora gukora ni ugufata imiti yawe neza. Niba urwaye indwara ya schizophrenia , ntuhagarike gufata imiti yawe utabanje kuvugana na muganga wawe. Vugana na muganga wawe ku bibazo cyangwa ingaruka mbi ufite, hanyuma uhitemo umuti ukubereye kandi ufite ingaruka nke cyangwa nta ngaruka mbi ufite.
• Shaka muganga wawe nk'uko ubyifuza: Muganga wawe azagushyiriraho gahunda yo kumubona. Iyi gahunda ni ingenzi cyane mu kuvura indwara yawe.
• Ntukirengagize ibimenyetso:Iyo upimwe kandi ugashaka ubuvuzi hakiri kare, uba ushobora kwakira neza ubuvuzi kandi ukagira umusaruro mwiza.
• Irinde inzoga n'ibiyobyabwenge: Inzoga n'ibiyobyabwenge bishobora kongera ibimenyetso bya schizophrenia no guteza ibindi bibazo. Ibi birimo gukoresha imiti yanditswe na muganga mu bundi buryo butari ubwatanzwe.
• Tekereza kubona ubufasha: Ushobora kubona amakuru n'inkunga by'ingirakamaro bivuye mu miryango nka National Alliance on Mental Illness. Hari ahantu muri Sri Lanka hatanga serivisi nk'izo, bityo reba.

Ni ryari ngomba kubonana na muganga wanjye?

Ugomba kujya kwa muganga wawe uko byategetswe. Nanone, niba ubonye impinduka mu bimenyetso byawe, urugero, niba ibimenyetso byawe birushaho kwiyongera nubwo ufata imiti yawe, ugomba kujya kwa muganga wawe. Niba ingaruka mbi z'imiti yawe zibangamira ubuzima bwawe, ushobora no kubimenyesha muganga wawe. Muganga wawe rimwe na rimwe ashobora kuvura neza ikibazo cyawe, kandi ashobora kukugira inama y'indi miti cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura budafite ingaruka mbi.

Ni ryari nkwiye kujya mu ishami rishinzwe ubutabazi bwihutirwa (ETU) ?

Niba ufite igitekerezo cyo kwigirira nabi cyangwa kugirira nabi abandi, hamagara umurongo w’ubufasha ku buzima bwo mu mutwe w’igihugu kuri 1926 ako kanya. Niba wumva ko ugiye kwigirira nabi, jya mu ishami rishinzwe ubutabazi bw’ibanze ry’ibitaro biri hafi yawe ako kanya, cyangwa hamagara Ishami rishinzwe ambulance rya Suwaseriya kuri 1990.

Nakora iki niba uwo nkunda agaragaza ibimenyetso bya schizophrenia ?

Niba utekereza ko uwo ukunda agaragaza ibimenyetso bya schizophrenia cyangwa indi ndwara isa nayo, ushobora kugerageza kugufasha muri ubu buryo:

• Baza uko wabafasha: Kubatega amatwi, kubaha ubufasha, gukomeza gushyikirana nabo, no kubafasha kumva bafitanye isano n'abandi.
• Bashishikarize gushaka umuntu wagufasha: Indwara z'amarangamutima ziterwa na schizophrenia , cyane cyane imiti, zishobora koroshya ibimenyetso by'umuntu no kumufasha gusobanukirwa ibiriho n'ibitariho.
• Ntugacire urubanza cyangwa ngo ugire impaka: Nubwo hari ibimenyetso, ntukabacire urubanza cyangwa ngo ubagire impaka ku kuri cyangwa atari byo. Abantu babona ibintu bitabaho cyangwa imiziririzo akenshi ntibakira ibimenyetso kuko badashobora kumenya ukuri cyangwa atari byo.
• Komeza gutuza:Niba bababaye cyangwa barakaye, ntuzamure ijwi ryawe. Gerageza gutuma aho uri hatuza kandi hatuje uko bishoboka kose. Nanone, menya neza ko badakwiye kumva bafashwe mu mutego cyangwa ngo bagire ubwoba na gato.
• Shaka ubufasha mu gihe cyihutirwa: Abantu barwaye schizophrenia bari mu kaga gakomeye ko kwiyahura. Niba bavuga ko batekereza kwiyahura cyangwa kugirira abandi nabi, shaka ubufasha vuba (urugero: hamagara 911, ubajyane kwa muganga).

Amaherezo, icyo kwibuka

Schizophrenia ishobora kuba indwara iteye ubwoba kuri wowe no ku bakunzi bawe. Ariko nubwo sosiyete ifite imyumvire itari yo, si indwara idashobora gukira, kugira ngo ubeho ubuzima bwiza kandi bushimishije. Niba utekereza ko ufite ibimenyetso bya schizophrenia , ni ngombwa kuvugana na muganga vuba bishoboka. Akazi kabo ni ukugufasha. Abaganga, cyane cyane abafite amahugurwa yihariye ku ndwara zo mu mutwe nka schizophrenia , bahuguwe kugufasha kumva udaciriwe urubanza, ufite isoni cyangwa ufite isoni.

Niba utekereza ko uwo ukunda ashobora kuba arwaye indwara yo mu mutwe cyangwa indwara ya schizoaffective , mutere inkunga yo gushaka ubuvuzi mu buryo bworoheje kandi bushyigikira. Gusuzuma no kuvurwa hakiri kare bishobora kugira uruhare runini mu gukira no gucunga iyi ndwara.

` Schizophrenia-affective Schizophrenia, indwara zo mu mutwe, ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, ibimenyetso by'indwara zo mu mutwe, ubuvuzi -affective schizophrenia , impamvu z'indwara zo mu mutwe