Icyo ugomba kumenya kuri 'Statines' yo kugenzura cholesterol

Ese ikizamini cyawe giheruka cy’amaraso cyagaragaje ko urugero rwa cholesterol yawe ruri hejuru gato? Ese wagize ubwoba kandi ugahangayika gato ubwo wabonaga ko urugero rwa "cholesterol mbi" cyangwa LDL na rwo ruri hejuru? Niba ari uko bimeze, muganga wawe ashobora kuba yaragutegetse gutangira gufata umuti wa 'Statin'. None rero uyu munsi, reka tuvuge muri make kuri 'Statin', ingenzi ku bantu benshi.

Ese, iyi 'Statines' ni iyihe?

Muri make, 'Statines' ni ubwoko bw'imiti abaganga batanga kugira ngo igabanye urugero rwa cholesterol mu maraso yawe, cyane cyane cholesterol "mbi".

Iyo tuvuze kuri cholesterol, twumva ubwoko bubiri, sibyo?

1. LDL (Lipoporoteyine ntoya): Iyi ni yo twita cholesterol "mbi" . Tekereza imiyoboro y'amaraso yawe nk'umuyoboro utwara amazi. Icyo iyi cholesterol ya LDL ikora ni ukwishyira nk'ibisigazwa by'amavuta imbere muri uwo muyoboro, bigagabanya buhoro buhoro inzira amaraso atemberamo. Ubwoko bumwe bwa "statins" bushobora kugabanya iyi cholesterol mbi ho 50% cyangwa birenga.

2. HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein): Iyi niyo twita cholesterol "nziza" . Ifata cholesterol mbi yishyize mu mitsi y'amaraso ikayigeza mu mwijima kugira ngo ivanwe mu mubiri. Ni nk'aho imyanda ikurwa mu mubiri.

Statines ntigabanya gusa cholesterol mbi ya LDL, ahubwo inafasha kugabanya triglycerides, ubundi bwoko bw'ibinure mu maraso, kandi yongera gato urugero rwiza rwa cholesterol ya HDL.

Iyi miti ikunze gutangwa rimwe ku munsi, icyarimwe. Hari imiti ya statine ikora neza iyo ifashwe nijoro. Ibi biterwa nuko imibiri yacu ikora cholesterol nyinshi nijoro. Ariko, hari imiti mishya ya statine ikora neza iyo ifashwe igihe icyo ari cyo cyose cy'umunsi. Muganga wawe azagusobanurira ibi.

Uyu muti ukora ute imbere mu mubiri?

Iyi ni inkuru ishimishije cyane. Tekereza ko umwijima wawe ari wo ruganda rukora cholesterol. Mu by'ukuri, 75% bya cholesterol umubiri wacu ukeneye ikorerwa mu mwijima wacu. Ibisigaye bikomoka ku biribwa turya.

Rero, umwijima ufite enzyme ikenewe muri iyi gahunda yo gukora cholesterol. Yitwa `HMG-CoA reductase`. Umuti wa `Statin` ukora nk'umurinzi w'irembo, ubuza enzyme ya `HMG-CoA reductase` kugera ku mwijima. Hanyuma umwijima utakaza ibikoresho fatizo ukeneye kugira ngo ukore cholesterol. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ingano ya cholesterol ikorwa n'umwijima igabanuka cyane. Urabyumva?

Kuki dukeneye 'Statines'?

Impamvu nyamukuru ni ukugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima n'imitsi yo mu bwonko.

Nkuko nabivuze mbere, iyo cholesterol mbi yiyongera mu maraso, ishyirwa ku nkuta z'imitsi y'amaraso. Mu buvuzi, ibi tubyita 'Atherosclerosis' . Cholesterol yiyongera muri ubu buryo yitwa 'plaque'. Ibi bigabanya umwanya uri mu mitsi y'amaraso kandi bikabangamira inzira y'amaraso.

Tekereza uko bigenda iyo umutsi utanga amaraso mu mutima ufunzwe gutya? Umutima ntubona umwuka n'intungamubiri ukeneye. Ibyo bitera indwara y'umutima. Kandi iyo iyi 'plaque' ituritse mu mutsi utanga amaraso mu bwonko maze amaraso agatangira kuzura, itera indwara yo mu bwonko.

Statines igabanya cholesterol, bigabanya cyane ibyago byo kugira ibi bibazo bikomeye.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa 'statins' bukunze gukoreshwa cyane?

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa 'statins'. Muganga wawe azaguha ubwoko bukubereye, akurikije uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze, urugero rwa cholesterol, n'ibindi bintu.

Hari igihe 'statin' iza mu kinini kimwe hamwe n'undi muti. Urugero, umuti witwa ezetimibe hamwe na simvastatin.

Ni nde usabwa gufata 'Statines'?

Muganga azakwandikira statine bitewe n'ibyago byawe muri rusange byo kurwara indwara z'umutima. Ibi biterwa n'ibintu byinshi, harimo imyaka yawe, igitsina, amateka y'umuryango wawe, ndetse no kumenya niba unywa itabi. Statine zikunze kugirwa inama ku bantu bakurikira:

• Ku bantu badashobora kugabanya urugero rwa cholesterol (cyane cyane urugero rwa LDL ruri hejuru ya 190 mg/dL) nubwo baba barya indyo n'imyitozo ngororamubiri .
• Ku bantu bafite diyabete kandi bari hagati y'imyaka 40-75, bafite cholesterol ya LDL iri hejuru ya 70 mg/dL.
• Ku bantu bamaze kugira indwara y'umutima, indwara yo gucika kw'imitsi, cyangwa indwara y'imitsi yo mu miyoboro y'amaraso (PAD) .
• Ku bantu bafite hagati y’imyaka 40 na 75 bafite urugero rwa LDL ruri hejuru ya 70 mg/dL, bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara z’umutima.
• Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango (ababyeyi, abavandimwe) warwaye indwara y'umutima akiri muto kandi akaba afite urugero rwa cholesterol ruri hejuru.

Ese hari ingaruka mbi kuri ibi?

Iki ni ikibazo ku bantu benshi. Ni ukuri, kimwe n'indi miti yose, imiti ya statine ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi. Ariko icy'ingenzi ni uko abantu benshi batagira ingaruka mbi. Ndetse n'ingaruka mbi ntoya zibaho zizashira uko imiti ikomeza.

Icy'ingenzi: Niba ugize ingaruka mbi, ntugahagarike gufata imiti yawe wenyine. Ikintu cyiza wakora ni ukuganira na muganga wawe kuri iyo ngingo. Ushobora gukemura ikibazo uhinduye ubwoko bwa statin ufata cyangwa uhindura ingano y'umuti.

Ese hari abantu badakwiye gufata imiti ya statine?

Yego. Statines ntiyemerwa ku bagore batwite, ababyeyi bonsa, n'abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe zikomeye z'umwijima. Ugomba kandi kubwira muganga wawe indi miti iyo ari yo yose ufata. Imitobe y'imbuto, cyane cyane umutobe w'imbuto za grapefruit n'umutobe w'amakomamanga, ishobora kugira ingaruka ku miti imwe na imwe ya statine, bityo rero baza muganga wawe na byo.

Bigenda bite uramutse uhagaritse gufata umuti?

Iyo uhagaritse gufata statin, urugero rwa cholesterol yawe rusubira inyuma aho rwari ruri. Ibyo bivuze ko ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima na stroke bisubira hejuru. Bityo rero, akenshi ni umuti w'ubuzima bwose.

Igihe cyo kubonana na muganga ako kanya

Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikurikira mugihe ufata statin, shaka ubufasha bwa muganga byihutirwa.

• Niba wumva ububabare bukabije cyangwa intege nke mu mitsi cyangwa ingingo zawe.
• Niba ufite ububabare ku mubiri wawe bitewe n'umuriro .
• IbyaweNiba amaso yawe cyangwa uruhu rwawe bisa n'umuhondo (jaundice).
• Iyo inkari zawe zihindutse ibara ryijimye nk'amazi y'icyayi .

Mu gihe nk'iki, ni byiza kujya mu bitaro byita ku barwayi barwaye indwara zihutirwa (ETU).