Ibi birashoboka ko byaba byarakubayeho igihe cyose wagiye kwa muganga. Muganga akura ako gakoresho gato ku meza ye akagashyira mu ijosi rye. Hanyuma agashyira igice cyako gikonje kandi kizingiye ku gituza cyawe, akakubwira ati "Fata umwuka mwinshi ... humeka buhoro buhoro ..." Muganga agutega amatwi witonze uko ubikora. Hari igihe akubita umutwe agakomeza ikizamini gikurikira. Hari n'igihe atekereza akanya gato maze agafata umwanzuro ko akeneye kureba ikindi kintu. Ese iki si ikintu kimenyerewe cyane?
None se, stethoscope ikora iki mu by'ukuri?
Muri make, stethoscope ni igikoresho cy'agaciro gifasha abaganga, abaforomo, n'abakozi bo mu cyumba cy'ubutabazi kumva amajwi aturuka mu mubiri wawe. Aya majwi ashobora kukubwira amakuru y'ingenzi ku ngingo zitandukanye z'ubuzima bwawe, harimo uburyo umutima wawe n'ibihaha bikora ndetse niba amaraso atembera neza mu mitsi yawe.
Mu buvuzi, kumva ayo majwi y'imbere mu mubiri byitwa "auscultation." Umuganga akoresha stethoscope ahanini kugira ngo atege amatwi:
- Ku mutima wawe: Umva uko umutima wawe utera n'uko umeze.
- Ku bihaha byawe: Umva amajwi utanga iyo uhumeka ukanasohora.
- Ku mara yawe: Umva amajwi ava mu mara yawe mu gihe igogora rikomeza.
- Ku mitsi yawe y'amaraso: Umva urusaku rw'amaraso atemba muri imwe mu mitsi minini y'amaraso.
Tekereza, mu mubiri wawe, hari orchestre nto. Buri rugingo rufite ijwi ryarwo ryihariye, injyana yarwo, iyo rukora. Urugero, ijwi rya "lub-dub" ry'umutima. Aya ni amajwi asanzwe.
Ariko rimwe na rimwe, muri ayo majwi asanzwe, dushobora no kumva amajwi adasanzwe. Ayo majwi adasanzwe ni yo atuma umuntu agira ikibazo cy’ubuzima.
Urugero, umuganga ashobora kubona amajwi adasanzwe nk'aya akoresheje stethoscope:
- Amajwi y'umutima adasanzwe: Ibintu bisa n'umutima urimo urusaku .
- Amajwi adasanzwe yo mu bihaha: Guhumeka cyangwa stridor (ijwi rikaze) iyo uhumeka.
- Amajwi adasanzwe yo mu nda: Amajwi avuga cyane cyangwa afite ijwi rirenga, atandukanye n'amajwi asanzwe yo "gukorakora" yo mu nda.
- Amajwi adasanzwe mu mitsi y'amaraso: Amajwi yihariye yumvikana iyo amaraso atembera mu mitsi imwe n'imwe y'amaraso iyo yazibye, urugero, ijwi ryumvikana mu mitsi ya carotid iri mu ijosi (`carotid bruit`) .
Iyo umuganga yumvise ijwi ridasanzwe nk'iri, amenya ko hari ikibazo kirimo. Ariko stethoscope yonyine ntishobora kukubwira icyo ari cyo cyangwa uburemere bwacyo. Ariko iyi ni yo ntambwe ya mbere kandi y'ingenzi mu gusuzuma indwara . Akoresheje iki kimenyetso, umuganga wawe ashobora kukwohereza kugira ngo uhabwe ibindi bipimo, amenye neza ibirimo, kandi agateganya uburyo bwo kuvura bukenewe.
Ese hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa stethoscopes?
Yego, hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa stethoscopes zikoreshwa n'abaganga. Reka turebe ubwoko bw'ingenzi.
| Ubwoko bwa stethoscope | Ni iki kidasanzwe kuri byo? |
|---|---|
| Stethoscope gakondo (Stethoscope imeze nk'iya analogue) | Ubu ni bwo bwoko bukunze gukoreshwa cyane twese twabonye. Aha, amajwi aturuka mu mubiri ajya mu gutwi kwa muganga anyuze mu muyoboro, nta bufasha bw'ikoranabuhanga. Hariho kandi ibintu bitandukanye muri iki cyiciro, nka stethoscope nto zikoreshwa ku bana bato. |
| Stethoscope y'ikoranabuhanga | Ubu bwoko ni ubwateye imbere gato. Bushobora kongera amajwi y'umubiri no kuyasobanura neza. Ibi rero ni ingirakamaro cyane mu kumenya amajwi adasobanutse neza kandi atuje (urugero: gutontoma k'umutima). Binafasha kugabanya urusaku rudakenewe mu bidukikije no kumva amajwi akenewe gusa. |
| Stethoscope y'ikoranabuhanga | Iri ni ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kurushaho. Uretse kongera amajwi, aya majwi ashobora gufatwa amajwi, akazumva nyuma, hanyuma agasangizwa undi muganga. Aya makuru y'amajwi ashobora kandi guhindurwamo ibintu nk'ibishushanyo mbonera no gusesengurwa kuri mudasobwa. |
Muri iki gihe, stethoscope ikoreshwa cyane muri Sri Lanka no mu bindi bice byinshi by'isi ni stethoscope isanzwe. Ukoresheje icyo gikoresho cyoroshye, umuganga ashobora kubona amakuru menshi akenewe.
Wumva ijwi ute ukoresheje ibi? Ni ibihe bice bya stethoscope?
Uburyo stethoscope ikora biroroshye cyane. Iyo ikintu kigenda imbere mu mubiri wawe, kirema imitingito. Iyi mitingito ikora imitingito y'amajwi. Igice cya stethoscope gifatanye n'igituza cyawe gifata iyi mitingito y'amajwi kikayohereza mu muyoboro w'ububobere ukayijyana mu gutwi kwa muganga. Ni nk'amajwi anyura mu mwobo muremure.
Reka turebe ibice by'ingenzi bya stethoscope n'icyo bikora.
| Igice | Ikora iki? (Ikora iki?) |
|---|---|
| Igice cy'igituza | Iki ni igice cy'icyuma na pulasitiki kizengurutse muganga ashyira ku ruhu rwawe. Akenshi kiba gifite impande ebyiri. Kimwe ni uruhande runini kandi rurambuye. Kitwa diaphragm . Ikindi ni uruhande ruto, rufite ubugari, rumeze nk'igikombe. Kitwa inzogera . Ushobora guhinduranya hagati y'izo mpande zombi kugira ngo wumve ubwoko butandukanye bw'amajwi. |
| Imodoka | Uyu ni umuyoboro w'amazi urimo ubusa, utwara amajwi ava mu gituza ujya mu gutwi kwa muganga. Akenshi ugabanyukamo kabiri mu ishusho ya Y, ugahuza n'amatwi yombi. |
| Imiyoboro yo mu matwi n'inama | Ibi ni ibice by'icyuma biyobora ijwi riva mu muyoboro mu gutwi kwa muganga. Bifite kandi ibice byoroshye ku mpera, nka za telefoni zo mu matwi dukoresha twumva umuziki. Ibi bikomeza stethoscope mu gutwi neza kandi bigabanya urusaku rwo hanze rwinjira. |
Ni nde wakoze iki gikoresho cyiza cyane?
Stethoscope yavumbuwe bwa mbere mu 1816 n'umuganga w'Umufaransa witwaga René Laennec . Ariko stethoscope ya mbere yakoze yari itandukanye cyane n'iyo tubona muri iki gihe. Yari umuyoboro woroshye gusa ukozwe mu giti. Uko igihe cyagiye gihita, abandi baganga benshi bagiye bayinoza buhoro buhoro. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibanze cya stethoscope igezweho tubona muri iki gihe cyakozwe mu myaka ya 1960.Yakozwe n'umuganga w'Umunyamerika witwa David Littmann.
Ushobora kudatekereza cyane kuri ibi bikoresho iyo ufite ubwoba bwo kujya kwa muganga. Ariko ni ngombwa kumenya uburyo igikoresho cyoroshye nka stethoscope, iyo gihujwe n'ubumenyi n'uburambe bya muganga, gishobora kuba igikoresho gikomeye mu kurinda ubuzima bwawe.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Stethoscope ni igikoresho cy'ingenzi cy'ubuvuzi gikoreshwa mu kumva amajwi aturuka mu ngingo z'umubiri wawe, nk'umutima, ibihaha n'amara.
- Muganga abona ibimenyetso byinshi by'ingirakamaro ku buzima bwawe bitewe n'amajwi asanzwe n'adasanzwe wumva.
- Iyo stethoscope igaragaje ko hari indwara, muganga wawe ashobora kukwohereza kugira ngo uhabwe ibindi bipimo kugira ngo yemeze neza ikibazo.
- Uretse stethoscope isanzwe tubona muri iki gihe, hari kandi stethoscope z'ikoranabuhanga n'iz'ikoranabuhanga zituma amajwi arushaho kwiyongera.
- Iki gikoresho cyoroshye, iyo gihujwe n'uburambe bwa muganga, bigira uruhare runini mu gikorwa cyo kumenya indwara hakiri kare.
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