Ese uzi indwara ya Takayasu's Arteritis? Reka tubiganireho!

Wigeze wumva indwara yitwa Takayasu's Arteritis? Izina rishobora kumvikana nk'aho ritangaje, sibyo? Ariko ni indwara idakunze kugaragara ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mitsi yacu y'amaraso, cyane cyane imitsi minini y'amaraso itangirira mu mutima n'amashami aturuka kuri wo. Hari n'igihe yitwa 'indwara idafite umuvuduko w'amaraso.' Uyu munsi, turabivugaho mu buryo burambuye, mu buryo bworoshye, kugira ngo nawe ubyumve neza.

Arteritis ya Takayasu ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Muri make, arteritis ya Takayasu ni ububyimbirwe bw'imitsi yacu y'amaraso, bivuze kubyimba cyangwa kubyimba (vasculitis). Yibasira cyane cyane imitsi minini y'amaraso mu mubiri wacu. Tekereza kuri ibyo, umutsi mukuru w'amaraso utwara amaraso akungahaye kuri ogisijeni uva mu mutima wacu ukawujyana mu mubiri wose, twita 'aorta nini' cyangwa 'aorta'. Iyi ndwara yibasira cyane cyane imitsi minini y'amaraso iva kuri yo ikajyana amaraso mu maboko yacu, mu ijosi no mu bwonko. Uzi ikibaho iyo ubu bubyimbirwe bubaye? Inkuta z'imitsi yacu y'amaraso zirangirika. Hanyuma ibice bimwe na bimwe by'iyo mitsi y'amaraso biracika intege kandi bishobora kubyimba nk'umupira. Tubyita 'aneurysm'. Nanone, imitsi y'amaraso ishobora kubyimba no kugabanuka. Hanyuma amaraso atembera nabi. Hari igihe umutsi w'amaraso ushobora kuziba burundu, witwa 'kuziba'. Ni gake cyane, iyi ndwara ishobora no kugira ingaruka ku mitsi itanga amaraso mu mutima, mu mara, mu mpyiko no mu maguru.

Ni nde urebwa cyane n'iki kibazo?

Indwara ya Takayasu (TAK) ni indwara ikunze kwibasira abakiri bato. Ikunze kugaragara cyane ku bagore bari hagati y'imyaka 20 na 40. Abarwayi bakunze kuba bari hagati y'imyaka 15 na 35 iyo bayirwaye. Hagati ya 80% na 90% by'abafite iyi ndwara ni abagore. Abaganga babona iyi ndwara kenshi mu bihugu nk'Ubuyapani n'abantu bakomoka muri Megizike, Ubuhinde, na Aziya y'Iburasirazuba. Ndetse no mu bihugu nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, abantu babiri cyangwa batatu gusa ni bo bandura buri mwaka. Ibi bivuze ko ari indwara idasanzwe.

Ni gute indwara ya Takayasu arteritis igira ingaruka ku mubiri wanjye?

Iyo imiyoboro y'amaraso igabanutse, ingano y'amaraso agera ku ngingo n'imitsi itangwa n'iyo miyoboro y'amaraso iragabanuka. Tekereza nk'umuyoboro w'amazi uzibye, bigabanya ingano y'amazi atemba. Ariko muri arteritis ya Takayasu (TAK), izi mpinduka zikunze kubaho buhoro buhoro kandi buhoro buhoro. Bityo imibiri yacu igira igihe cyo kumenyera gutwara amaraso mu zindi nzira. Izi nzira zindi zimeze nk'inzira nto dukoresha iyo umuhanda munini ufunze. Ariko izi nzira zishobora kutabasha gutwara amaraso menshi nk'ay'umuyoboro munini w'amaraso wa mbere. Ubusanzwe, ingano y'amaraso atemba arenga aho yazibye irahagije kugira ngo ihe ingirangingo ingano ntoya ya ogisijeni n'amaraso bakeneye kugira ngo ikomeze kubaho. Ariko ni gake cyane, iyo iyi miyoboro y'amaraso idakora neza, ingirangingo zishobora gupfa kuko zibura ogisijeni n'amaraso.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'iyi ndwara?

Bamwe mu bantu barwaye Takayasu arteritis (TAK) bashobora kuba badafite ibimenyetso. Ariko, hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abarwayi bashobora kugira indwara isanzwe n'intege nke. Ibimenyetso bya mbere (icyiciro cya mbere): Ibi ni ibimenyetso bigaragara mu ntangiriro z'indwara:

• Kugira umuriro.
• Kumva unaniwe cyane ( Umunaniro ).
• Kubabara imitsi n'ingingo .
• Ibiryo nta buryohe bwabyo .

Ibimenyetso byo mu cyiciro cya nyuma (icyiciro cya 2): Uko indwara ikomeza, ibimenyetso nk'ibi bishobora kugaragara:

• Kubabara mu gituza .
• Kugorwa no guhumeka .
• Umutwe .
• Kumva mfite isereri.

Ibimenyetso biterwa no kugabanuka kw'imitsi y'amaraso no kugabanuka kw'amaraso:

• Umunaniro, ububabare, cyangwa kuribwa mu maboko no mu maguru.
• Kubabara mu gifu bitewe no kugabanuka kw'amaraso ajya mu mara.
• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso uterwa no kugabanuka kw'amaraso ajya mu mpyiko.
• Indwara ya Stroke (ibi ni gake cyane).
• Indwara y'umutima (ibi nabyo ni gake cyane).

Ni iki cyateye indwara ya arteritis ya Takayasu?

Mu by’ukuri, nta muntu uzi impamvu nyayo ya arteritis ya Takayasu (TAK)..Ariko abaganga n'abashakashatsi batekereza ko bishobora kuba ari 'indwara y'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri'. Ni ukuvuga ko ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu, burwanya indwara, bwibasira ingingo zawo nzima. Ni nk'aho ubwirinzi bwacu bwite burimo kutugiraho ingaruka mbi. Abashakashatsi bamwe batekereza ko zimwe mu ndwara za arteritis ya Takayasu zishobora guterwa na gene yasizwe n'ababyeyi bombi. Abo babyeyi bashobora kutagira ibimenyetso, kuko baba bafite kopi imwe gusa ya gene. Ariko niba uzunguye iyo gene ku babyeyi bombi, ushobora kugira iyo ndwara n'ibimenyetso byayo.

Iyi ndwara ipimwa ite?

Muganga wawe azasuzuma indwara ya arteritis ya Takayasu arebeye hamwe ibintu byinshi, atari kimwe gusa.

• Amateka yuzuye y'ubuzima n'isuzuma ry'umubiri: Ibi bikorwa kugira ngo hatabaho izindi ndwara zisa n'izawe. Iyo muganga wawe akoresheje stethoscope kugira ngo asuzume imiyoboro y'amaraso yawe, ashobora kumva ijwi ridasanzwe ryitwa 'bruit' mu miyoboro y'amaraso. Iyo imiyoboro y'amaraso ari mito cyane, biragoye ko amaraso anyuramo, ari na bwo ijwi ryumvikana.
• Imirasire ya X: Iyi mirasire igaragaza aho imitsi yawe yangiritse n'uburemere bw'ibyangiritse.
• Ibizamini byo kumenya imitsi y'amaraso ifunganye cyangwa imisemburo y'amaraso: Hari uburyo butandukanye bwo kubipima.

Ni ibihe bipimo byo gusuzuma indwara?

Hari ibizamini byinshi bishobora gufasha muganga kwemeza ko indwara yanduye:

• Ishusho ya Magnetic Resonance (MRI): Iki ni ikizamini kidakoresha imirasire ya X. Amashusho akorwa hakoreshejwe rukuruzi nini, imiraba y'ingufu za electromagnetic, na mudasobwa.
• Isuzuma rya "Computed Tomography" (CT): Imirasire ya X na mudasobwa bishushanya ingingo z'imbere, harimo n'imitsi minini y'amaraso.
• Angiografiya: Ibi bikubiyemo gufata amashusho ya X-ray y'imbere mu mitsi yawe y'amaraso. Muganga wawe ashyiramo umuyoboro muremure witwa catheter mu mitsi minini iri mu kibuno cyawe cyangwa mu kuboko, akawuyobora kugeza ku mitsi igomba gusuzumwa. Hanyuma, irangi ryihariye (ibintu bitandukanya) rinyuzwa muri catheter rijya mu mitsi y'amaraso. Iyo X-ray ifashwe, irangi rituma imitsi y'amaraso igaragara neza mu mashusho. Hari igihe, MRI ishobora no gukoreshwa mu gukora angiografiya.
• Positron Emission Tomography (PET scan): Muri iki kizamini, muganga wawe atera ikintu gifite imirasire binyuze mu rushinge mu mutsi uri mu kuboko kwawe. Uko ikintu kigenda mu mubiri wawe, scanner irakibona igakora amashusho.
• Ultrasound: Ibi bifasha gukora amashusho y'imitsi y'amaraso hakoreshejwe imiraba y'amajwi.

Indwara ya Takayasu yo mu bwonko ivurwa ite?

Imiti ishobora kugenzura ububyimbirwe, cyangwa ububyimbirwe. Ariko, hari abantu bashobora gukenera kubagwa kugira ngo barenge umuyoboro w'amaraso wafunzwe maze habeho inzira nshya yo gutembera kw'amaraso. Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids, nka prednisone (urugero: Rayos®, Sterapred®) cyangwa prednisolone (urugero: Flo-Pred®, Orapred®), ni bwo buryo bukunze kuvura indwara ya arteritis ya Takayasu (TAK).

Iyi miti ikora ibitangaza mu gukuraho ububyimbirwe mu mitsi y'amaraso no gutuma indwara igabanuka.

Muganga wawe azagabanya buhoro buhoro igipimo cya prednisone kikagera ku gipimo gito cyane kugira ngo agabanye ingaruka mbi. Hari abantu bashobora guhagarika gufata imiti buhoro buhoro ibimenyetso bitagarutse. Ariko, iyi miti ya corticosteroids ntabwo igira ingaruka nziza ku bantu bamwe na bamwe. Nanone, abantu barenga kimwe cya kabiri bafata iyi miti bashobora kugaruka ku bimenyetso cyangwa bakarushaho kuba babi. Imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri: Abaganga bakunze kandi gutanga imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, nka:

• Methotrexate (urugero: Rheumatotrex®, Trexall®)
• Azathioprine (urugero: Imuran®, Azasan®)
• Mycophenolate (urugero: Cellcept®, Myfortic®)
• Leflunomide
• Cyclofosfamide

Iyo iyi miti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ikoreshejwe hamwe na prednisone, abantu bagera kuri 50% bari barigeze kugira ibibyimba bashobora gukemuka ibimenyetso byabo kandi bagashobora guhagarika gufata prednisone buhoro buhoro. Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibibyimba (TNF): Hari abantu bashobora no guhabwa imiti yitwa imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibibyimba kugira ngo ifashe mu kurwanya ububyimbirwe. Ingero zabyo zirimo:

• Etanercept
• Infliximab
• Tocilizumab

Muri rusange, abantu bagera kuri 25% bafite indwara ya arteritis ya Takayasu ntibashobora kuyirwanya burundu badakoresheje imiti ihagije.

Ingaruka mbi z'ubuvuzi ni izihe?

Imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura arteritis ya Takayasu ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi zikomeye. Ariko, indi miti ishobora gufasha mu kugenzura izi ngaruka mbi. Ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo:

• Kugabanuka k'ubudahangarwa ku ndwara.
• Kugabanuka kw'uburemere bw'amagufwa (osteoporose).
• Kubona bigoye.
• Indwara zo mu mutwe.

Corticosteroids itangira gukora mu masaha make uhereye igihe utangiye kuvurwa, bityo ushobora kumva uruhutse vuba.

Ni ubuhe buryo bundi bwo kuvura bukoreshwa?

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (hypertension) ushobora guterwa no kugabanya imitsi ijya mu mpyiko. Muri iki gihe, muganga ashobora gukoresha ikintu nk'umupira kugira ngo yagure umutsi ufunganye, witwa angioplasty. Cyangwa, kubagwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gufunga amaraso bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo amaraso atembera neza mu mpyiko. Ibi bishobora gufasha kuvugurura umuvuduko w'amaraso hatabayeho gufata imiti y'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso. Hari abantu bashobora kugira ibibazo bikomeye by'imitsi ifunganye mu maboko cyangwa ku maguru, bigatuma bigorana kugenda cyangwa gukora indi mirimo. Kubagwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gufunga amaraso bishobora no gukosora ibi bibazo. Iyo hari ikibazo cy'amaraso afite umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, gishobora gukosorwa hakoreshejwe kubagwa cyangwa gufunga amaraso hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo ...

Nitwara nte?

Abantu benshi barwaye indwara ya Takayasu arteritis nabo bafite umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (hypertension). Ni ngombwa kubigenzura. Niba utavuje umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, ibintu nk'ibi bishobora kubaho:

• Indwara yo mu bwonko (stroke).
• Indwara z'umutima.
• Kunanirwa kw'impyiko.

Niba ufata imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe, tekereza kubona izi nkingo kugira ngo zikurinde indwara zandura:

• Urukingo rw'ibicurane.
• Urukingo rwa pneumonia.
• Urukingo rwa Herpes zoster (Shingles).

Ni iki umuntu urwaye arteritis ya Takayasu yakwitega?

Nubwo nta muti uhari wo kuvura indwara ya Takayasu arteritis, ni indwara ishobora kuvurwa. Abantu benshi barwaye iyi ndwara bakira iyo bavuwe. Ariko, abantu benshi bashobora kugira ubumuga ku rugero runaka, cyangwa gake cyane, bitewe n'iyi ndwara. Ingaruka z'iyi ndwara zishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mirimo ya buri munsi. Hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abantu barwaye indwara ya Takayasu arteritis bagomba guhindura akazi kabo. Ariko, hafi 25% by'abantu barwaye iyi ndwara babaho ubuzima busanzwe. Abandi 25% bagiye bagira impinduka mu bikorwa byabo. Abantu babana n'iyi ndwara idakira bagomba kwisuzumisha buri gihe, ndetse nibiba ngombwa, bagahindura imiti yabo. Abaganga nabo bagomba gukurikirana ingaruka mbi z'imiti no gupima amaraso. Ibi bikurikira bishobora kuba ingorane za arteritis ya Takayasu:

• Kunanirwa k'umutima.
• Indwara yo mu bwonko (stroke).
• Amaraso apfutse.
• Indwara y'umutima.

Indwara ya Takayasu arteritis ni indwara ifata igihe kirekire ikura buhoro buhoro. Uzakenera kuvurwa igihe kirekire, akenshi ukoresheje imiti. Mu bihugu nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n'Ubuyapani, abantu bagera kuri 3% barwaye Takayasu arteritis bapfa mu gihe cy'imyaka itanu nyuma y'iyi ndwara. Ibi bishobora guterwa n'uko abaganga bashoboye gusuzuma iyi ndwara hakiri kare no kuyivura neza. Mu bindi bice by'isi, ingaruka zishobora kuba mbi bitewe no gutinda gusuzuma no kuvura cyangwa kutabona serivisi z'ubuzima neza. Iyo itavuwe, Takayasu arteritis ishobora kwica.

Ni gute nakwita ku buzima bwanjye?

Ni ngombwa gukurikirana uko wiyumva no gukomeza kuvugana na muganga wawe buri gihe kugira ngo ubashe kubona ibimenyetso bishya cyangwa birushaho kwiyongera hakiri kare.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ibimenyetso byawe bya arteritis ya Takayasu bigarutse mu gihe cyo kuvurwa cyangwa nyuma yaho, hita ubonana na muganga wawe. Niba uteganya gutwita, vugana na muganga wawe kuri ibyo. Birashoboka ko gutwita neza uramutse ufite arteritis ya Takayasu, ariko ni ngombwa kumenya uburyo bwo kuyicunga.

Ni ryari nkwiye kujya mu ishami rishinzwe ubuvuzi bwihutirwa (ETU) ?

Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, hamagara 911 ako kanya (muri Sri Lanka, hamagara Serivisi y'Imbangukiragutabara ya Suwaseriya yo mu 1990 cyangwa ujye ku bitaro biri hafi yawe):

• Kubabara mu gituza.
• Kugorwa no guhumeka.
• Itera ry'umutima rigabanuka.
• Ibimenyetso by'indwara y'umutima (urugero: ububabare bukomeye mu gituza bunyura mu kuboko, ibyuya, isesemi).
• Ibimenyetso by'indwara yo mu bwonko (urugero: kunama ku ruhande rumwe rw'isura, kubura ukuboko, kugorwa no kuvuga).

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

• Nzafata imiti ya Takayasu arteritis igihe kingana iki?
• Ni kangahe ngomba kuza mu gihe cyo gukurikirana?
• Ese indwara yanjye ishobora kugenzurwa nta kubagwa?
• Ni kangahe ngomba gukora ibizamini byo gufata amashusho?

Amaherezo, icyo ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Kubera ko indwara ya Takayasu's Arteritis ari indwara imara igihe kirekire, cyangwa 'idakira', uzakenera kujya kwa muganga buri gihe. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, ibimenyetso byawe bishobora kuva ku kuba uri munsi y'igenzura kugeza ku kuba uri munsi y'igenzura. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa gukomeza kuvugana na muganga wawe buri gihe. Ntutinye kubibwira muganga wawe niba ubonye impinduka mu buzima bwawe. Muganga wawe azashaka kubimenya, kuko ari bwo ashobora kugufasha.

Wibuke ko nubwo waba ufite iyi ndwara, iyo uvuwe neza kandi ugakurikiza inama za muganga, nawe ushobora kubaho ubuzima bwiza. Komeza ukomere!

Arteritis ya Takayasu, arteritis ya Takayasu, indwara itagira umutima, vasculitis, aorta, arteritis, indwara y'imitsi y'amaraso, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, indwara y'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri