Abantu benshi bagira ubwoba gato iyo bumvise ijambo "cholesterol," si byo se? Hari benshi muri twe bahangayika bati "Oh, cholesterol yanjye iri hejuru." Ariko se cholesterol ni iki mu by'ukuri? Ese koko ni mbi ku mibiri yacu? Mu by'ukuri, cholesterol ni ubwoko bw'ibinure ingenzi ku turemangingo tw'umubiri wacu. Ariko, kimwe n'ibindi byose, iyo irenze urugero, ishobora guteza ibibazo.
Mu magambo make, hari ubwoko bwa cholesterol 'nziza' n' 'mbi'. Iyo urugero rwa cholesterol mbi, cyangwa LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) , rwiyongereye, rutangira gufata ku nkuta z'imitsi yacu y'amaraso. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, ibi bituma ibinure byiyongera mu mitsi y'amaraso bikayigabanya. Mu buvuzi, ibi tubyita Atherosclerosis . Iyo imitsi itanga amaraso mu mutima igabanutse gutya, ibyago byo kubyimba kw'amaraso biyifunga mu buryo butunguranye bigatera indwara y'umutima biba byinshi cyane.
Ikindi kintu cyo gutekerezaho hamwe na cholesterol ni triglycerides . Iki nacyo ni ubwoko bw'ibinure mu mibiri yacu. Ubwiyongere bwabyo byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara y'umutima cyangwa indwara yo gucika imitsi. Ibi byago biba byinshi cyane cyane niba cholesterol nziza, cyangwa HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) , iri hasi. Nanone, triglycerides nyinshi zongera ibyago byo kurwara diyabete.
Igipimo cya cholesterol (Lipid Panel) ni iki?
Isuzuma ryoroheje ry'amaraso kugira ngo umenye cholesterol n'ibindi binure (lipide) mu mubiri wawe ryitwa Lipid Panel cyangwa Lipid Profile .
Ubusanzwe abaganga basaba kwiyiriza ubusa amasaha 9-12 mbere yo gupimwa. Ibi biterwa nuko ibiryo urya bishobora guhindura ibisubizo. Ariko, kwiyiriza ubusa si ngombwa buri gihe. Niba uri munsi y'imyaka 25, cyangwa niba muganga wawe adashaka ko amavuta yose apimwa, kwiyiriza ubusa bishobora kuba atari ngombwa. Ni byiza kuvugana na muganga wawe kugira ngo umenye neza.
Raporo isanzwe ya Lipid Panel ikubiyemo amakuru yerekeye ibintu bine by'ingenzi:
- Cholesterol yose
- LDL (Lipoporoteyine yo hasi) - Ibi ni byo twita "cholesterol mbi."
- HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) - Ibi tubyita "cholesterol nziza."
- Triglycerides - Ubwoko bw'ibinure bukunze kugaragara mu mubiri wacu.
Usobanukiwe ute indangagaciro ziri muri raporo yawe?
Noneho wakoze ikizamini kandi ufite raporo mu ntoki. None se iyi mibare isobanura iki? Reka turebe.
| Ubwoko bw'ikizamini | Igipimo gisanzwe giteganijwe (muri mg/dL) |
|---|---|
| Cholesterol yose | 200 cyangwa munsi yayo - Byiza (Bisanzwe) Hagati ya 201 - 240 - Umupaka Niba ari hejuru ya 240 - Hejuru |
| Cholesterol ya HDL ("nziza") (Uko ibi byinshi, niko birushaho kuba byiza) | Niba ufite imyaka 60 cyangwa irenga - ni byiza cyane (birinda indwara z'umutima) Niba hagati ya 40 - 59 - Bisanzwe (Nibyo) Munsi ya 40 - Hasi (ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara z'umutima) |
| Kolesteroli mbi (LDL) (Uko iki kiri hasi, niko kirushaho kuba cyiza) | Niba ari munsi ya 100 - Ni byiza cyane (Byiza cyane) Niba hagati ya 100 - 129 - Ni byiza Niba hagati ya 130 - 159 - Umupaka uri hejuru Niba hagati ya 160 - 189 - Hejuru 190 cyangwa hejuru - Hejuru cyane |
| Triglycerides (Iyo uri hasi niyo irushaho kuba nziza kuri ibi) | Munsi ya 150 - Urwego rwiza cyane Niba uri hagati ya 151 na 200 - uri mu kaga ko kurwara indwara z'umutima Hejuru ya 200 - Ingaruka nyinshi zo kurwara indwara z'umutima |
Icy'ingenzi: Izi ndangagaciro ni amabwiriza rusange gusa. Muganga wawe azagena urwego rwiza rukubereye akurikije ibintu nk'imyaka yawe, izindi ndwara (nka diyabete, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso), n'amateka y'ubuzima bw'umuryango wawe.
Ni iki twakora kugira ngo tugenzure urugero rwa cholesterol?
Ntugahangayike niba ibisubizo byawe biri hejuru gato. Iyi ndwara ishobora kugenzurwa neza ukoresheje guhindura imibereho yawe no gufata imiti nk'uko muganga yabigutegetse, nibiba ngombwa.
Impinduka mu mibereho
Iyi ni intambwe ya mbere kandi y'ingenzi cyane.
- Indyo nziza: Indyo igabanya cholesterol mbi ishobora kugabanya cholesterol mbi (LDL) ku kigero cya 30%.
- Gabanya ibiryo birimo ibinure byinshi (nk'inyama zirimo ibinure, amavuta ya kokonati, amavuta ya palme, amavuta y'amavuta, foromaje).
- Irinde ibinure bya trans burundu. Reba ku birango by'ibiryo bitetse, margarine, n'ibiribwa bipfunyitse kugira ngo urebe niba "hari amavuta ya hydrogene igice." Niba ari byo, birimo ibinure bya trans.
- Nubwo icyapa cyaba kivuga ngo "cholesterol nkeya" cyangwa "nta cholesterol ihagije," ibyo biribwa bishobora kuba bigifite isukari nyinshi cyangwa ibinure byuzuye. Bityo rero soma witonze ibyapa by'ibiribwa.
- Shyiramo ibiryo bikungahaye kuri fibre (umuceri w'umukara, ingano, imboga, imbuto) n'ibiribwa birimo steroli z'ibimera (margarine yihariye) mu ndyo yawe.
- Imyitozo ngororamubiri: Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri nko kugenda n'amaguru, kwiruka, cyangwa kugendera ku igare byibuze iminota 30 ku munsi bigabanya cholesterol mbi (LDL) kandi byongera cholesterol nziza (HDL).
- Irinde kunywa itabi: Niba uri umunywi w'itabi, kurireka ni ingenzi cyane mu kugabanya urugero rwa cholesterol no ku buzima bwawe muri rusange.
Iyo bibaye ngombwa, imiti yandikiwe na muganga
Niba impinduka zo mu mibereho yawe gusa zitagenga urugero rw'umubiri wawe, muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira imiti.
- Statines: Iyi ni yo miti ikoreshwa cyane kandi ikora neza igabanya cholesterol. Urugero, harimo Atorvastatin (Lipitor), Rosuvastatin (Crestor), na Simvastatin (Zocor).
- Indi miti: Indi miti nka Fibrates, Ezetimibe (Zetia), na PCSK9 inhibitors nabyo bishobora kwandikirwa na muganga bitewe n'uko umurwayi ameze.
Icy'ingenzi cyane: Ntugatangire, uhagarike, cyangwa ngo uhindure urugero rw'iyi miti udafite inama ya muganga. Kandi ntugakoreshe umuti wagenewe inshuti cyangwa umuvandimwe.
Si cholesterol gusa, ibi bintu nabyo ni ingenzi!
Agaciro ka cholesterol yawe ntabwo ari ko konyine gagena ubuzima bwawe bw'ejo hazaza. Wibuke ko hari ibindi bintu byinshi bigira ingaruka ku byago byawe byo kurwara indwara z'umutima, nka diyabete, kunywa itabi, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, umubyibuho ukabije, kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri, ndetse n'ingaruka za genetiki .
Abantu bafite urugero rusanzwe rwa cholesterol bashobora no kurwara indwara z'umutima. Kandi abantu bafite urugero runini rwa cholesterol bashobora kugira imitima myiza. Ariko muri rusange, abantu bafite urugero rudasanzwe rwa cholesterol bashobora kurwara indwara z'umutima.
Kubwibyo, abahanga basaba abantu bakuru batari mu kaga ko basuzumwa cholesterol yabo nibura buri myaka 5. Ariko, niba urugero rwa cholesterol yawe ruri hejuru cyangwa ufite izindi mpamvu zishobora gutera indwara z'umutima, muganga wawe azakubwira inshuro ugomba kongera gusuzumwa.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Kolesteroli si ikintu kibi buri gihe, ni ingenzi ku mubiri wacu. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ugukomeza kuringaniza hagati ya kolesteroli nziza (HDL) n'imbi (LDL).
- Ikizamini cyoroheje cy'amaraso cyitwa Lipid Panel gishobora kumenya urugero rwa cholesterol na triglyceride mu maraso yawe.
- Intambwe ya mbere kandi nziza yo kugenzura cholesterol ni ugufata indyo yuzuye no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri.
- Niba guhindura imibereho gusa bidahagije, muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira imiti. Buri gihe kurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe kandi ntuzigere ufata imiti wenyine.
- Ushobora gukomeza kugira ubuzima bwiza ugenzura urugero rwa cholesterol yawe buri gihe nk'uko muganga wawe yabigutegetse.
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Ishyirireho intego ya calorie hanyuma ubare itariki yo kugabanya ibiro.