Ibintu ukeneye kumenya kuri Thalassemia: Reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye

Ese uhora wumva unaniwe kandi unaniwe? Wenda uruhu rwawe rurakeye gato? Ibi si ibintu bitunguranye gusa, wenda iyi ndwara yo kubura amaraso, ni ukuvuga kubura amaraso, ishobora guterwa n'ibi. Uyu munsi turimo kuvuga kuri 'Thalassemia', indwara ivukanwa ifitanye isano n'amaraso, ikunze kugaragara mu bantu benshi mu gihugu cyacu. Ntugatinye iyo wumvise iri zina. Reka dusobanukirwe byose kuri ibi mu buryo bworoshye.

Thalassemia ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Muri make, thalassemia ni indwara y'amaraso ivukanwa . Si indwara yandura. Iyi ndwara ibuza umubiri wacu gukora hemoglobine nziza ihagije.

Noneho ushobora kuba wibaza icyo hemoglobine ari cyo. Hemoglobine ni poroteyine idasanzwe iboneka mu turemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso. Ikora nk''serivisi yo gutanga umwuka' itwara umwuka mu mibiri yacu yose. Iyi paki yitwa hemoglobine igezwa kuri buri turemangingo two mu mubiri n'imodoka zitwa uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso.

Umuntu urwaye thalassemia aba afite umusemburo muke wa hemoglobine nziza mu mubiri we. Kubwibyo, umubare w'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso mu mubiri nawo uragabanuka. Iyi ndwara yo kugabanuka kw'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso ni cyo twita anemia , cyangwa 'kubura amaraso'. Iyo uturemangingo tw'umubiri tutabonye umwuka wa ogisijeni dukeneye, ibimenyetso bitandukanye bitangira kugaragara.

Ibyo bivuze ko ushobora kumva ibintu nk'ibi:

• Kumva unaniwe cyane kandi unaniwe cyane buri gihe.
• Kugorwa no guhumeka.
• Kumva ukonje.
• Kumva mfite isereri.
• Uruhu rwerurutse.

Ni iki gitera thalassemia? Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye?

Thalassemia iterwa n'inenge iri mu turemangingo twacu. Tekereza ko utu turemangingo ari 'kode ya gahunda' irimo amabwiriza y'uko ibintu byose biri mu mubiri wacu bigomba gukorwa. Poroteyine ya hemoglobine ikorwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza aturuka kuri utu turemangingo. Iyo hari ikintu kitagenda neza muri aya mabwiriza, cyangwa igice cyayo kibuze, umubiri ntushobora gukora hemoglobine nziza. Utu turemangingo dufite inenge tuva ku babyeyi bacu. Niyo mpamvu byitwa indwara y'uruhererekane.

Molekile ya hemoglobini igizwe n'iminyururu ine ya poroteyine: iminyururu ibiri ya alpha globin n'iminyururu ibiri ya beta globin.

• Hakenewe gene enye kugira ngo hakorwe imiyoboro ya alpha globin (ibiri kuri buri mubyeyi).
• Hakenewe jeni ebyiri kugira ngo hakorwe imiyoboro ya beta globin (imwe iva kuri buri mubyeyi).

Iyo hari inenge mu turemangingo dukora utwo dutsiko twa alpha cyangwa beta, thalassemia irabaho. Ubukana bw'indwara buterwa n'umubare w'uturemangingo dufite inenge.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bwa thalassemia?

Thalassemia ishobora kugabanywamo ibice byinshi by'ingenzi bitewe n'uburemere bw'indwara. Ni ukuvuga ko ishobora kuva ku kuba umuntu afite ibimenyetso (ikimenyetso), kugeza ku kuba umuntu afite ibimenyetso bito, hagati, n'ibikomeye. Ubwoko bukomeye cyane, Thalassemia Major, ubusanzwe ikenera ubuvuzi buhoraho.

Thalassemia igabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi, bitewe n'uko inenge ya genetiki iri mu miyoboro ya alpha cyangwa imiyoboro ya beta.

1. Alpha Thalassemia

2. Beta Thalassemia

Reka dusobanukirwe neza ubu bwoko bubiri bw'ibiyobyabwenge uhereye ku mbonerahamwe iri hepfo.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bishobora kugaragara ku ndwara ya thalassemia?

Ibimenyetso ubona biterwa n'ubwoko bwa thalassemia ufite n'ubukana bwayo.

Indwara zidafite ibimenyetso

Niba ufite inenge imwe ya alpha gene cyangwa indwara yoroheje nka beta thalassemia minor, ushobora kutagira ibimenyetso na gato . Cyangwa ushobora kumva umunaniro muto.

Ibimenyetso byoroheje kandi biri hagati

Mu bihe byoroheje, nka beta thalassemia intermedia, uretse ibimenyetso byoroheje byo kubura amaraso, ibi bikurikira bishobora kubaho:

• Gukura buhoro kw'abana.
• Gutinda mu bugimbi.
• Ibitagenda neza mu magufwa (urugero: osteoporosis).
• Kwaguka k'uruhago (uru ni urugingo rurwanya indwara).

Ibimenyetso bikomeye

Mu bihe bikomeye, nko kuba hari inenge mu turemangingo dutatu twa alpha (indwara ya Hemoglobin H) cyangwa beta thalassemia major (indwara yo kubura amaraso muri Cooley), ibimenyetso bigaragara mbere y'uko umwana agira imyaka 2. Uretse ibimenyetso byavuzwe haruguru, ibi bikurikira bishobora kugaragara:

• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya.
• Uruhu rwerurutse cyangwa rw'umuhondo (nk'umuhondo w'umuhondo).
• Inkari zijimye, zifite ibara ry'icyayi .
• Gukura kudasanzwe kw'amagufwa yo mu maso.

Ni gute wamenya neza iyi ndwara?

Thalassemia iri hagati n'iy'ubukana ikunze kugaragara mu bwana. Ibi biterwa nuko ibimenyetso bitangira kugaragara mu myaka ibiri ya mbere y'ubuzima bw'umwana. Muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka ko hapimwa amaraso atandukanye kugira ngo hamenyekane iyo ndwara.

• Umubare wuzuye w'amaraso (CBC): Ibi bipima umubare w'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso, ingano yatwo, n'urugero rwa hemoglobine. Abantu bafite thalassemia bafite uturemangingo dutukura duke dufite ubuzima bwiza, kandi bashobora kuba bato mu bunini.
• Gupima urugero rw'icyuma: Iki kizamini ni ingenzi kugira ngo hamenyekane itandukaniro riri hagati y'ibura ry'icyuma na thalassemia.
• Hemoglobin Electrophoresis: Iki kizamini gikoreshwa by'umwihariko mu gusuzuma beta thalassemia.
• Gupima Genetic: Ibi bizamini bikoreshwa mu kwemeza alpha thalassemia no kumenya abanduye iyi ndwara.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura thalassemia?

Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'uburemere bw'indwara. Indwara zoroheje akenshi ntizisaba kuvurwa. Ariko, hari uburyo bwinshi bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura indwara zikomeye.

• Guterwa amaraso: Mu magambo make, 'gutanga amaraso' . Amaraso aturutse ku muntu muzima ahabwa umurwayi binyuze mu mitsi kugira ngo agarure uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso n’urugero rwa hemoglobine. Abarwayi bafite beta thalassemia major bakenera guterwa amaraso buri gihe, akenshi buri byumweru 2-4.
• Ubuvuzi bwo Gukoresha Iron Chelation: Gutera amaraso kenshi bishobora gutuma urugero rw'icyuma mu mubiri rwiyongera bitari ngombwa. Ibi byitwa 'ubwinshi bw'icyuma'. Ubu bunini bw'icyuma bushobora kwangiza ingingo nk'umutima n'umwijima. Kubwibyo, imiti ikuraho ubu bunini bw'icyuma mu mubiri yitwa 'iron chelation'. Iyi miti ishobora gufatwa mu buryo bw'ibinini.
• Inyongeramusaruro za aside folike: aside folike itangwa kugira ngo ifashe umubiri gukora uturemangingo tw’amaraso tuzima.
• Gutera Umwobo w'Amagufwa: Ubu ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwo kuvura thalassemia burundu . Ariko, ni ukubaga guteye akaga kandi bigoye. Ibi bisaba umutanga utanga ubuzima bwiza kandi uhuza neza n'umurwayi, akenshi umuvandimwe.

Menya ku bibazo, uburyo bwo kuvura, n'igihe cyo kubaho.

Iyo idavuwe neza, ikibazo gikomeye ni ukwangirika kw'uturemangingo tw'umutima, umwijima n'imisemburo, cyane cyane bitewe no kuba icyuma cyinshi gikoreshwa mu gukora imisemburo. Bityo rero, nk'uko byavuzwe,Kuvura icyuma gikingira umwijima ni ingenzi cyane.

Ku bijyanye n'igihe cy'ubuzima, niba ufite thalassemia ntoya, ushobora kwitega igihe cy'ubuzima gisanzwe. Nubwo waba ufite indwara iri hagati cyangwa ikomeye, niba ukurikiza neza uburyo wahawe (guterwa amaraso no gukuraho icyuma) ufite amahirwe menshi yo kubaho igihe kirekire kandi ufite ubuzima bwiza . Indwara z'umutima ni zo zitera urupfu. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kuvura icyuma udasimbutse.

Ese iyi ndwara ishobora kwirindwa? Kandi hakenewe ubuvuzi buhoraho

Thalassemia ni indwara iterwa n’uturemangingo, bityo ntidushobora kuyikumira. Ariko, gupima uturemangingo bishobora kugufasha kumenya niba wowe cyangwa umukunzi wawe mufite aka gakoko ka thalassemia. Niba uteganya kubyara umwana, ni ngombwa kumenya aya makuru. Kugira ngo ubone inama zirambuye, reba umujyanama mu by’uturemangingo cyangwa muganga wawe.

Niba ufite thalassemia, uzakenera gupimwa amaraso buri gihe (CBC) no gupimwa urugero rw'icyuma. Muganga wawe ashobora kandi kukugira inama yo gupimwa imikorere y'umutima n'umwijima byibuze rimwe mu mwaka.