Ese tiroyide yawe imeze neza? Reka tuvuge ku ndwara ya tiroyide mu magambo make!

Ese hari igihe wumva unaniwe cyangwa ubyibushye nta mpamvu? Wenda utekereza ko biterwa n'imirimo myinshi ufite muri iyi minsi. Ariko se, wari uzi ko agahu gato gasa n'ikinyugunyugu kari imbere mu ijosi ryawe gashobora kugira uruhare muri ibi bintu? Uyu munsi, reka tuvuge ku gahu ka tiroyide n'indwara zishobora kwifashishwa na yo, ari zo indwara ya tiroyide .

Gland ya tiroyide ni iki? Ikora iki?

Muri make, tiroyide ni agahu gato kameze nk'ikinyugunyugu gaherereye imbere mu ijosi ryawe. Ni igice cy'urusobe rw'imisemburo y'umubiri wacu. Ni nk'uruganda ruto mu mubiri wacu. Gakora kandi kagasohora imisemburo ya tiroyide mu maraso, ikagenzura imirimo myinshi y'ingenzi mu mubiri wacu. Imisemburo y'ingenzi ikorwa nayo ni thyroxine (T4) na triiodothyronine (T3) .

Noneho ushobora kuba wibaza uti "Izi misemburo zigira izihe?" Akazi kanini ka tiroyide ni ukugenzura metabolisme yacu cyangwa umuvuduko wa metabolisme . Ni ukuvuga umuvuduko w'ibiryo turya uhindukamo ingufu. Buri selile mu mubiri wacu ikenera ingufu kugira ngo ikore. Rero, iyo tiroyide idakora neza, ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mubiri wose. Tekereza nk'umuvuduko w'imodoka. Iyo idakora neza, umuvuduko w'imodoka uba muto cyane cyangwa wihuta cyane. Uko ni ko bimeze.

None se, indwara ya tiroyide ni iki?

Indwara ya tiroyide ni ijambo rusange cyane. Rivuga indwara iyo ari yo yose aho tiroyide yawe idakora imisemburo ihagije. Ishobora kugira ingaruka ku bantu b'imyaka iyo ari yo yose. Hari igihe tiroyide ikora imisemburo myinshi cyane, kandi rimwe na rimwe ikora nke cyane. Byombi ni ibibazo.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'indwara ya tiroyide?

Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'indwara ya tiroyide: hypothyroidism (imisemburo idakora neza ya tiroyide) na hyperthyroidism (imisemburo ikabije ya tiroyide). Ariko, buri kimwe muri ibi gishobora kugira impamvu zitandukanye.

1. Imisemburo idahagije ya tiroyide: Hypothyroidism

Ibi bibaho iyo thyroid gland idakora imisemburo ihagije ya tiroyide, ibi bigatuma umubiri ugabanya umuvuduko w’ingufu mu mubiri.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera hypothyroidism?

• Indwara ya Hashimoto: Iyi ni indwara idakira kandi ifata ubuzima bwose bw'umubiri. Muri make, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu bwibasira ingirabuzimafatizo ya tiroyide. Iyi ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru itera hypothyroidism mu bihugu aho umunyu n'ibiribwa bikungahaye kuri iyode bikoreshwa cyane.
• Kubura iyode: Imyunyu ngugu ya iyode ni ingenzi mu gukora imisemburo ya tiroyide. Rero, niba utabonye iyode ihagije mu mirire yawe, ushobora kurwara hypothyroidism. Iyi ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru mu bihugu aho umunyu wa iyode utaboneka cyane. Ibi bishobora gutera goiter , ari byo kubyimba kwa tiroyide.
• Hypothyroidism ivukanwa: Hari abana bavuka badafite tiroyide cyangwa bafite tiroyide idakora neza. "Congenital" bivuze "kubaho igihe bavuka." Hafi umwana 1 ku bana 2,000 kugeza ku 4,000 bashobora kugira iyi ndwara.

2. Ikorwa ryinshi ry'imisemburo ya tiroyide: Hyperthyroidism

Iki ni igihe tiroyide ikora imisemburo myinshi cyane, ibyo bigatuma umubiri wihuta mu mikorere y’umubiri.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera hyperthyroidism?

• Indwara ya Graves: Iyi nayo ni indwara idakira y’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri. Ariko, muri iki gihe, tiroyide irushaho gukururwa kandi igakora imisemburo myinshi cyane. Iyi ni yo mpamvu ikunze gutera hyperthyroidism.
• Utubyimba twa tiroyide: Utu ni utubyimba tudasanzwe tuba ku gasabo ka tiroyide. Iyo bimwe muri ibi bibyimba bitangiye gukora imisemburo myinshi cyane, hyperthyroidism ishobora kubaho.
• Kurya iyode nyinshi: Iyo umubiri ubonye iyode nyinshi, tiroyide ikora imisemburo myinshi cyane. Iyi ndwara ishobora guterwa n'imiti imwe n'imwe, urugero , amiodarone, umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara z'umutima.

3. Hari igihe imisemburo iba mike, rimwe na rimwe iba nyinshi

Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zishobora gutera hyperthyroidism (ubwiyongere bw'umusaruro w'imisemburo) hanyuma hypothyroidism (kugabanuka k'umusaruro w'imisemburo).

• Tiroidite: Iyi ni indwara yo kubyimba kwa tiroyide. Ibi bikunze gutangirana n’ubwiyongere bw’imisemburo (hyperthyroidism), hanyuma hagakurikiraho kugabanuka kw’imisemburo by’igihe gito cyangwa burundu (hypothyroidism).
• Indwara ya tiroyide nyuma yo kubyara: Iyi ni indwara idakunze kugaragara ku babyeyi bamwe na bamwe nyuma yo kubyara. Ifata abagore bagera kuri 5% mu mwaka umwe nyuma yo kubyara. Nanone, hyperthyroidism ikunze kubanza kubaho, hagakurikiraho hypothyroidism. Ariko, ibi akenshi biba iby'igihe gito.

Indwara ya tiroyide ikunze kugaragara gute?

Indwara ya tiroyide mu by’ukuri irakunze kugaragara . Urugero, bivugwa ko abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 20 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bafite ubwoko runaka bw’indwara ya tiroyide. Bityo, iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara no muri Sri Lanka.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara ya tiroyide?

Niba ufite ikibazo cya tiroyide, ushobora kugira ibimenyetso bitandukanye. Ikibazo ni uko ibi bimenyetso akenshi bisa n'iby'izindi ndwara cyangwa impinduka ziba mu bihe bitandukanye mu buzima bwawe. Bityo rero bishobora kugorana kumenya neza niba ibimenyetso byawe biterwa n'ikibazo cya tiroyide cyangwa ikindi kintu.

Ariko, muri rusange, ibimenyetso bya tiroyide bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri - ibiterwa n'imisemburo myinshi ya tiroyide (hyperthyroidism) n'ibiterwa n'imisemburo mike ya tiroyide (hypothyroidism). Ibimenyetso by'izi ndwara ebyiri akenshi "biratandukanye". Ibi biterwa nuko hyperthyroidism yihutisha imikorere y'umubiri wawe, mu gihe hypothyroidism igabanya umuvuduko wayo.

Ibimenyetso bya hypothyroidism (imisemburo mike):

• Umutima utera buhoro ugereranije n'ibisanzwe.
• Numva ndushye igihe cyose. Ndashaka kuguma mu buriri umunsi wose, numva ndushye cyane ku buryo ntashobora gukora ikintu na kimwe cy'ingirakamaro.
• Kongera ibiro nta mpamvu. Kongera ibiro nubwo uburyo bwo kurya bukomeza kuba bumwe.
• Kugorwa no kwihanganira ibicurane . Ibishobora kuba ibicurane bisanzwe ku bandi bishobora kukugora.
• Uruhu rwumye n'umusatsi wumye kandi ugoramye .
• Ihungabana .
• Kuva amaraso menshi mu gihe cy'imihango ku bagore (menorrhagia) .

Ibimenyetso bya hyperthyroidism (niba hari imisemburo myinshi):

• Umutima utera vuba kurusha uko bisanzwe (tachycardia) . Ukumva umutima wawe urimo gutera cyane.
• Kugorwa no gusinzira .
• Kugabanya ibiro nta mpamvu. Kugabanya ibiro nubwo waba urya neza.
• Kugorwa no kwihanganira ubushyuhe . Nubwo bishobora kuba ibisanzwe ko abandi bumva bashyushye, ushobora kumva ibyuya n'ubushyuhe bukabije.
• Uruhu rushyushye cyangwa rumeze nk'uruhu .
• Kumva ubabaye, udatuje, kandi urakaye vuba .
• Abagore bagira imihango idahoraho cyangwa bahagarika imihango (amenorrhea) .

Izi ndwara zombi zishobora gutera kubyimba kwa tiroyide, byitwa goiter . Ariko, bikunze kugaragara cyane muri hyperthyroidism.

Ni nde ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara ya tiroyide?

Ushobora kuba ufite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara indwara ya tiroyide niba:

• Niba uri umugore , abagore bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara indwara ya tiroyide inshuro eshanu kugeza ku munani kurusha abagabo.
• Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite indwara ya tiroyide (ishobora kuba iy'uruhererekane).
• Niba ufite indwara ya genetiki nka Turner syndrome .
• Niba ufata umuti urimo iyode nyinshi .
• Niba utuye mu gihugu cyangwa mu gace katabonekamo umunyu wa iyode (ibi bishobora gutera ibura rya iyode).
• Niba ufite imyaka irenga 60 , cyane cyane niba uri umugore.
• Niba warigeze guhabwa ubuvuzi bw'imirasire ku mutwe cyangwa mu ijosi.

Nanone, niba ufite indi ndwara y’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri , ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya tiroyide biba byinshi kurushaho. Cyane cyane niba ufite imwe muri izi ndwara zikurikira:

• Kubura amaraso mu mubiri (anemia)
• Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1
• Indwara ya Celiac
• Indwara ya Addison (Indwara ya Addison - ikibazo cy'ibanze cyo kunanirwa k'ubuhumekero bw'intanga)
• Lupus
• Indwara ya rubagimpande
• Indwara ya Sjögren

Ni gute wasuzuma indwara ya tiroyide? (Isuzuma)

Niba ufite ibimenyetso by'indwara ya tiroyide, muganga wawe azabanza kukubaza ibimenyetso byawe, amateka y'umuryango wawe, hanyuma agukorere isuzuma ry'umubiri. Muri iki kizamini, muganga azakora ku gatsima ka tiroyide mu ijosi ryawe kugira ngo arebe niba hari ibibyimba cyangwa utubyimba (nodules).

Nyuma y'ibyo, muganga azakenera gukora ibindi bipimo byinshi bya tiroyide kugira ngo yemeze ko arwaye. Ibi ni ibi bikurikira:

• Gupima amaraso: Ibi bizamini bishobora kugaragaza niba ufite hypothyroidism cyangwa hyperthyroidism. Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibipimo by'amaraso ya tiroyide. Urugero, bisuzuma urugero rw'imisemburo itera tiroyide (TSH) , imisemburo ya T3 na T4 , hamwe n'uturemangingo tw'umubiri duto twa tiroyide .
• Ibizamini byo gupima: Ibizamini nka ultrasound ya tiroyide bishobora gufasha muganga wawe kureba niba hari utudomo cyangwa utudomo mu gasabo ka tiroyide. Ibizamini byo gupima ubuvuzi bwa kirimbuzi nko gufata no gupima tiroyide bishobora gufasha kumenya niba utudomo dukora cyane.

Indwara za tiroyide zivurwa zite?

Uburyo indwara ya tiroyide ivurwa buterwa n'ubwoko bw'indwara ufite n'icyayiteye. Intego nyamukuru ni ukugarura urugero rw'imisemburo ya tiroyide ku rwego rwiza.

Uburyo bwo kuvura hyperthyroidism:

Niba ufite hyperthyroidism (indwara aho imisemburo iba myinshi cyane), hari uburyo bwo kuvura nko:

• Imiti irwanya tiroyide: Urugero , methimazole na propylthiouracil . Iyi miti ibuza tiroyide gukora imisemburo.
• Iodine ikoresha imirasire ya radiyone: Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bwangiza uturemangingo twa tiroyide kandi bukatubuza gukora imisemburo irenze urugero.
• Beta-blockers: Iyi miti ntabwo igira ingaruka ku gatsina ka tiroyide, ariko ishobora gufasha mu kugenzura ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe, nko gutera k'umutima vuba.
• Kubagwa: Mu rwego rwo kuvura burundu, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kubagwa tiroyide, bikaba bisaba kubagwa no gukuraho tiroyide. Ibi bizahagarika burundu ikorwa ry'imisemburo. Ariko, uzakenera gufata imisemburo ya sintetike isimbura tiroyide ubuzima bwawe bwose.

Uburyo bwo kuvura hypothyroidism:

Niba ufite hypothyroidism (indwara aho tiroyide yawe idakora neza), uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura ni imiti isimbura imisemburo ya tiroyide . Ibi bikubiyemo kongeramo imisemburo ya tiroyide mu mubiri wawe mu buryo bw'ubukorano. Imwe mu miti isanzwe abaganga baguha ni levothyroxine .

Ese indwara ya tiroyide ni indwara ikomeye?

Indwara ya tiroyide ishobora kugira ingaruka ku bice byinshi by'umubiri wawe ndetse no ku buzima bwawe. Ariko, iyo ukurikije gahunda nziza yo kuvura kandi ugakemura ikibazo, akenshi ntabwo ari ikibazo gikomeye.

Ariko, iyo indwara ya tiroyide idasuzumwe cyangwa ngo ivurwe neza , ishobora gutera ingorane zitandukanye.

Ingorane zishobora guterwa na hyperthyroidism itavuwe:

• Gutera umutima mu buryo budasanzwe (atrial fibrillation )
• Igisebe cy'imitsi
• Indwara y'umutima iterwa no kunanirwa guhagarara neza ( indwara y'umutima)
• Kugabanya amagufwa (osteoporosis )

Ingorane zishobora guterwa na hypothyroidism idakira:

• Indwara zo mu mutwe , nko kwiheba.
• Indwara yo mu bwonko bw'imitsi ( peripheral neuropathy )
• Ubwiyongere bw'ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima n'indwara z'umutima .
• Ubugumba .
• Myxedema coma : Iyi ni ingorane itunguranye kandi ishyira ubuzima mu kaga iterwa na hypothyroidism ikomeye.

Ese birashoboka kubaho ubuzima busanzwe ufite indwara ya tiroyide?

Indwara ya tiroyide akenshi ni indwara ibaho ubuzima bwose . Ibi bivuze ko ugomba kuyifata buri gihe. Ibi akenshi bisaba imiti ya buri munsi. Muganga wawe azakurikirana uburyo uvurwa kandi akore impinduka zose zikenewe uko igihe kigenda.

Bishobora gufata igihe kugira ngo ubone gahunda ikwiye yo kuvura kugira ngo ugenzure urugero rw'imisemburo yawe. Ariko, ubusanzwe birashoboka kubaho ubuzima busanzwe kandi bwiza urwaye indwara ya tiroyide.Icyo usabwa gusa ni ugukurikiza inama za muganga witonze.

Ese indwara ya tiroyide ishobora kwirindwa?

Indwara ya tiroyide muri rusange iragoye kuyirinda . Ibi biterwa nuko indwara nyinshi za tiroyide zifitanye isano n'impamvu za genetiki cyangwa ziterwa n'indwara z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Ntidushobora gukumira ibi bintu.

Ariko, ibibazo bya tiroyide biterwa na iyode nyinshi cyangwa nkeya cyane rimwe na rimwe bishobora kwirindwa. Niba ufite ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose kijyanye no kubona iyode ihagije, vugana na muganga wawe.

Ni ryari wagombye kujya kwa muganga ku kibazo cya tiroyide?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya hypothyroidism cyangwa hyperthyroidism, cyangwa niba ubonye impinduka mu miterere y'agahu ka tiroyide mu ijosi (nk'ukubyimba), ni ngombwa kujya kwa muganga . Ni ngombwa kwisuzumisha no gutangira kuvurwa.

Nanone, niba uzi ko umuntu wo mu muryango wawe arwaye indwara ya tiroyide, bibwira muganga wawe nawe. Indwara ya tiroyide ishobora kugaragara mu miryango. Niba ugize ibimenyetso bya tiroyide, byaba ingenzi kumenya amateka y'umuryango.

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

Nubwo indwara ya tiroyide ari indwara ikunze kugaragara, nta mpamvu yo kuyitinya. Inkuru nziza ni uko ishobora kugenzurwa neza hakoreshejwe imiti n'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura.

• Indwara ya tiroyide ni imiterere y'ikinyugunyugu kiri mu ijosi ryawe. Imisemburo ikora igenzura ibintu byinshi mu mubiri wawe.
• Iyo imisemburo igabanutse, byitwa hypothyroidism , naho iyo byiyongera, byitwa hyperthyroidism .
• Niba ufite ibimenyetso nko kunanirwa, guhinduka kw'ibiro, no kubura umutuzo, bishobora kuba ikibazo cya tiroyide.
• Ibi bishobora kumenyekana binyuze mu gupima amaraso.
• Iyo uhawe ubuvuzi bukwiye, ushobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe.
• Niba ufite ibimenyetso by'indwara ya tiroyide, cyangwa niba ufite ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago, vugana na muganga . Barahari kugira ngo bagufashe. Ntutinye, babaze niba ufite ikibazo. Ubuzima bwawe burakwiye!

" Tiroyide, indwara za tiroyide, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, goiter, imisemburo, thyroxine"