Ngatidzidzei nezvebvunzo yePCR zviri nyore, sezvinongoita kubva kushamwari!

Ungayeuka kuti panguva yedenda reCovid-19, tese takataura nezve bvunzo yePCR . Vamwe vanhu vanofanira kunge vaitya zvishoma, vachifunga nezvetsvimbo yakaiswa mumhino? Asi bvunzo iyi yePCR chii chaizvo? Inongoona Covid-19 chete here? Kwete, PCR inzira yakakosha kwazvo yekuedza mukurapa inobatsira nezvinhu zvakawanda. Ngatitaurei nezveizvi zvese nhasi, zviri nyore uye zvakajeka, sekunge tiri kutaura neshamwari yakanaka.

Chii chinonzi PCR? Ungatsanangura zvishoma here?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, PCR ipfupiso yePolymerase Chain Reaction . Inoshandiswa kuona majini ari mumiviri yedu, ingave DNA kana RNA . Fungidzira sampuro diki inotorwa kubva kwauri, inogona kunge iri donhwe reropa, kana swab kubva mukati memhino dzako. Chikamu chidiki ichocho cheDNA kana RNA musampuli iyoyo chinotorwa uye mamiriyoni, pamwe mabhiriyoni, emakopi anogadzirwa murabhoritari. Izvi ndizvo zvinonzi nemasayendisiti amplification , zvinoreva "kuwedzera" kana "kuwanda." Zvakafanana nekugadzira makopi akawanda epepa rimwe chete uchishandisa photocopier.

Nekugadzira makopi akawanda akadai, zvinova nyore kuti masayendisiti adzidze DNA kana RNA mumuenzaniso mudiki wekutanga uye vaone kana paine chimwe chinhu chakakosha mairi. PCR ndeyeboka remiedzo inonzi Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAAT) .

Kunyangwe vanhu vazhinji vakanzwa izwi rekuti PCR maererano nekuongororwa kweCovid-19, tekinoroji iyi yagara ichishandiswa mune zvehutano kwenguva yakareba uye inzira inobatsira zvikuru.

Chii chinogona kuonekwa nePCR?

Iye zvino ngationei kuti bvunzo iyi yePCR inogona kuona zvinhu zvakaita sei. Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti ndezveCovid-19 chete. Asi handizvo zvazviri. Tarisa:

• Zvirwere Zvinotapukira: PCR inogona kubatsira kuona kana fivha, dzihwa, kana kukosora kwauinako zvichikonzerwa nehutachiona , mabhakitiriya , fungus , kana tupukanana . Semuenzaniso:
• Utachiona hweSARS-CoV-2 hunokonzera COVID-19 (COVID-19) .
• Furuwenza , ndiyo yatinowanzodaidza kuti furuwenza.
• Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), iyo inonyanya kuwanikwa muvana vadiki.
• Mabhakitiriya anokonzera chirwere cherurindi.
• Zvimwe zvirwere zvakawanda zvemavhairasi nemabhakitiriya.
• Zvirwere zvemajini: Vamwe vanhu vane zvirwere zvemajini zvinogarwa nhaka, handiti? Zvirwere zvakaita seizvi, semuenzaniso , Cystic Fibrosis.PCR iyi inoshandiswawo kuongorora zvirwere zvakaita seHuntington's Disease neFragile X Syndrome . Izvi zvirwere zvakaoma kunzwisisa, saka kuonekwa nekukurumidza kwakakosha pakurapa.
• Mhando dzegomarara: Nzira iyi inobatsirawo kuziva mhando dzegomarara, dzakadai selymphoma .
• Kuchinja kwemajini mukenza: Pakurapa munhu ane kenza, bvunzo iyi yePCR inogonawo kuona kusiyana kwemajini/kuchinja kwemajini mumasero ekenza iwayo. Izvi zvinoita kuti kurapwa kwakanangana kushandiswe kunanga shanduko idzodzo. Uku kufambira mberi kukuru mukurapa kenza.
• Njodzi yezvirwere mune ramangwana: Vanhu vane shanduko dzemajini vanogona kunge vari panjodzi huru yekubatwa nezvirwere zvakakomba senge kenza mune ramangwana. Iyi PCR inoshandiswawo pakuongororwa kwemajini kwengozi yekenza . Izvi zvinokutendera kuti uzive pachine nguva uye uchinje mararamiro ako kana zvichidikanwa, kana kuti ugare wakangwarira nekugara uchiongororwa.
• Kuongororwa kwemwana asati aberekwa: PCR inobatsirawo pakuongororwa kunoitwa kuti mwana asati aberekwa wemukadzi ane pamuviri aone kana aine chirwere chemajini.

Hazvisi izvi chete, asi ungave wakazviona mumafirimu, uko humbowo hweDNA, hwakaita sebvudzi diki kana kuti ropa rakawanikwa panzvimbo yemhosva, hunotorwa uye hunoshandiswa kuziva mupari wemhosva. Ma laboratori ekuongorora mhosva anoshandisawo tekinoroji iyi yePCR kuwedzera huwandu hweDNA uye kuita bvunzo.

Ndedzipi nzira dzekuongorora nekushandisa tekinoroji yePCR?

Tekinoroji yePCR inoshandiswa munzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuyedza. Rudzi rwebvunzo rwaunoda kutora sampuli runoenderana nezvauri kuyedza. Heano mimwe mienzaniso:

• Kuongororwa kweropa: Ropa rinotorwa uye PCR inoshandiswa kuona shanduko dzemajini nezvimwe zvirwere zvinotapukira.
• Nasopharyngeal swab: Sampuro yemuchu inotorwa kubva mukati memhino kana pahuro inogona kushandiswa kuyedza hutachiona hwekufema hwakaita sefuruwenza (furuwenza), COVID-19, uye RSV. Izvi ndizvo zvatakasangana nazvo tese panguva yeCOVID.
• Kuongororwa Kwemajini Pamberi Pekuiswa Muchibereko (PGD) kana Kuongororwa Kwemajini Pamberi Pekuiswa Muchibereko (PGS): Munguva yeIn Vitro Fertilization (IVF) , masero mashoma kubva mumazai anotorwa uye anoongororwa mamiriro emajini asati aiswa muchibereko chaamai. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa mazuva mashoma mushure mekutorwa kwezai.
• Amniocentesis: Kubuda kweropa muropa:Munguva yekuzvitakura, mvura shoma yeamniotic yakakomberedza mwana ari mudumbu raamai inogona kushandiswa kuyedza mamiriro emwana uchishandisa PCR. Iyi bvunzo inoitwa nachiremba ane hunyanzvi.
• Kuongororwa kwemuviri: Kuti uone shanduko dzemajini mumasero egomarara (kuongorora mamorekuru), sampuli diki yegomarara (bumor biopsy) kana bone marrow biopsy inotorwa. Izvi zvakafanana nekuvhiyiwa kudiki. Muenzaniso wacho unoshandiswa kuita PCR kutsvaga shanduko dzemajini.

Unogadzirira sei bvunzo iyi?

Kazhinji, hapana kugadzirira kwakakosha kunodiwa pakuongororwa kwePCR. Zvisinei, zvinoenderana nekuti uri kuyedza chii uye kuti ndeipi nzira inoshandiswa kutora sampuro. Semuenzaniso, kumwe kuongororwa kweropa kungada kuti utsanye kwemaawa mashoma usati waenda. Saka, zvakanaka kubvunza chiremba wako kana nzvimbo yekuongororwa kana paine chimwe chinhu chakakosha chaunofanira kuita.

PCR inoshanda sei? Sainzi diki!

Iyi inyaya yesainzi zvishoma, asi regai ndiitsanangure zviri nyore. PCR inoita kuti pave neruzivo rwakasiyana neDNA raunoda kutsvaga, kureva kuti, rakanangana naro. Rudzi urwu runogona kunge rwuri shanduko chaiyo yemajini mukenza, kana kuti runogona kunge rwuri kodhi yemajini yehutachiona kana mabhakitiriya. Izvi zvinonzi target DNA .

Zita rekuti "Polymerase Chain Reaction" rinoreva maitiro ayo makopi akawanda eDNA inotarwa anoitwa (amplified) murabhoritari. Maitiro aya anoshandisa enzyme inonzi DNA polymerase . Iyi enzyme inogadzira makopi eDNA inotarwa, kana iripo mumuenzaniso.

"Kuita kwe "chain reaction" uku kunoitika kana mhinduro ikapinda mumatanho akawanda ekupisa nekutonhodza. Mudanho rimwe chete, huwandu hweDNA hunogona kupetwa kaviri. Funga nezvahwo seimwe kusvika kuviri, mbiri kusvika kuchina, ina kusvika kusere... zvichingodaro, zvichizoita mamiriyoni emakopi. Chakanakira izvi ndechekuti PCR inogona kuona kunyangwe huwandu hudiki hweDNA kana RNA hwaizotadza kutorwa nemimwe miedzo.

Kazhinji, mushure mekunge PCR yaitwa, masayendisiti anofanirwa kuita bvunzo dzakawanda kuti aongorore amplified DNA. Asi dzimwe nguva, mavara akakosha anowedzerwa kumushonga panguva yePCR, izvo zvinogona kuratidza kana sampuro iri positive kana negative. Nzira iyi inogona kushandiswa kuwana mhinduro nekukurumidza, kunyanya kana uchitsvaga hutachiona hwakaita semavhairasi.

Ndeapi marudzi ePCR aripo?

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzePCR. Dzimwe dzinoda mamwe matanho ekuwedzera kuti DNA ikopirwe kana kuongororwa iongororwe. Ngatitarisei mhando mbiri huru:

1. Reverse-Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR)

Fungidzira kuti ruzivo rwemajini rwatinoda kukopa nekutsvaga harusi muDNA, asi muRNA. (Semuenzaniso, hutachiona hweCovid-19 hune RNA). Zvadaro, muRT-PCR iyi, chinoitwa ndechekuti RNA inotanga yashandurwa kuita DNA uchishandisa enzyme yakakosha (reverse transcriptase). DNA inoumbwa inonzi complementary DNA (cDNA) . Mushure meizvozvo, maitiro ePCR akajairika ataurwa pakutanga anoitwa. Nekuti, PCR yakajairika inogona kuitwa chete paDNA.

2. PCR yenguva chaiyo / Quantitative PCR (Q-PCR)

Chinoitika apa ndechekuti sezvo makopi eDNA achigadzirwa, mavara e fluorescent akakosha anowedzerwa pairi. Aya mavara anoburitsa chiedza paanobatana neDNA yaunoda. Zvadaro, pasina kumwe kuyedza, avo vanoita bvunzo vanogona kuona panguva chaiyo kana DNA yakakodzera iripo mumuenzaniso. Kwete izvozvo chete, vanogonawo kuwana pfungwa yehuwandu hwekuti ingani iripo.

Chinhu chinovhiringidza ndechekuti, vamwe vanhu vanodanawo izvi kuti "RT-PCR". Asi hazvina kufanana neReverse-Transcriptase PCR yambotaurwa. Zvakare, iyi nzira yeReal-time PCR inogona kushandiswa pamwe chete neReverse-Transcriptase PCR yambotaurwa. Zvadaro inonzi Real-time RT-PCR (real-time RT-PCR) . Iyi nzira yeRT-PCR chaiyo inoshandiswa pakuongorora nasal swab kuti ione mavhairasi eRNA akadai seCovid-19 nefuruwenza.

Zvinotiudzei mhedzisiro yekuongororwa kwePCR?

Paunowana mhedzisiro yekuongororwa kwePCR, mazwi acho anogona kusiyana zvishoma, zvichienderana nezvawakaongororwa.

• Kazhinji, kana mhinduro yako ikati "yakawanikwa" kana kuti "yavapo," zvinoreva kuti une genetic mutation kana hutachiona hwaitsvagwa nebvunzo.
• Kana mhinduro yacho ikati "hazvina kuonekwa," zvinoreva kuti bvunzo yacho haina kukwanisa kuwana DNA kana RNA yaiongororwa. Zvisinei, kana paine hutachiona, dzimwe nguva izvi zvinogona kureva kuti wakaongororwa kare kare mukutanga kwehutachiona. Ungangove uchiri nehutachiona, asi panogona kunge pasina hutachiona kana mabhakitiriya akakwana kuti aonekwe nePCR panguva iyoyo.

Nzira yekududzira sei zvabuda muCovid-19 PCR?

Ichi chinhu chave kuzivikanwa nevanhu vazhinji pari zvino.

• Mhedzisiro yeCOVID PCR yakanaka - zvichireva kuti mushumo wako unoti "Waonekwa" - zvinoreva kuti ungangove wakabatwa neCOVID-19 , kana kuti wachangobva kupora kubva kuCOVID-19 (dzimwe nguva PCR inogona kuramba iine hutachiona kwenguva yakati mushure mekupora).
• Kana ukawana mhinduro yeCOVID PCR isina (“Haisi Kuonekwa”), zvinoreva kuti pamwe hauna COVID-19 pawakatora swab yemhino. Zvisinei, sezvandambotaura, dzimwe nguva, pakutanga kwehutachiona, kunyanya kana usina zviratidzo, bvunzo dzePCR dzinogona kuva dzisina zviratidzo. Saka kana uine zviratidzo, chiremba wako anogona kukukurudzira kuti unoongororwazve mumazuva mashoma.

Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti uwane mhinduro dzePCR?

Izvi zvinosiyanawo zvichienderana nebvunzo iri kuitwa.

• Kuongororwa kwemhino ne swab yekuona mavhairasi akajairika akadai sefuruwenza neCOVID-19 kunowanzo tora maawa mashoma kana zuva kuti kubudiswe mhedzisiro.
• Kuongororwa kwemajini kunoshandisa bvunzo dzeropa uye nzira dze biopsy kunogona kutora vhiki kana kupfuura kuti uwane mhedzisiro nekuti maitiro ekuongorora akaomarara.

Unofanira kuona chiremba rini?

Kana muine mibvunzo kana zvinokunetsai nezvebvunzo yePCR kana zvabuda, iva nechokwadi chekutaura nachiremba wenyu. Vanogona kukutsanangurirai zvese.

Shoko rakakosha kupfuura ose rekuenda naro kumba

Kunyangwe mashoko ekuti "PCR test" akapinda muhurukuro dzedu dzezuva nezuva nedenda reCOVID-19 ra2020, inyanzvi inokosha zvikuru iyo vanachiremba vanga vachishandisa kwemakumi emakore. PCR inobatsira kuona nekukopa huwandu hudiki hweDNA kana RNA, iyo inogona kushandiswa kuongorora zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana.

Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvichiwanzoitika kuvanachiremba, zvingasava zvakajairika kuti uongororwe. Tinozvinzwisisa. Asi chinhu chakanakisa ndechekuti zvinongoda sampuli diki yemuviri wako, uye maitiro acho anowanzo tora maminetsi mashoma chete. Kana uine mibvunzo, zvinokunetsa, kana kusava nechokwadi nezvazvo, ndapota taura nachiremba wako. Vachakutsanangurira zvese. Ramba uine hutano hwakanaka!

Kuongororwa kwePCR , DNA, RNA, kuongororwa kwemajini, kuongororwa, Covid-19, hutachiona