Chii chinonzi myelin sheath iyi yakakomberedza masero edu etsinga? Ngatitaurei nezvazvo zvakadzama!

Wakambozvibvunza here kuti nhumwa diki dziri mumiviri yedu, masero etsinga, dzinoshanda nekukurumidza uye nehungwaru hwakadii? Kutaura zvazviri, muviri wedu wese, kubva pakufunga kwedu kusvika pakufambisa kwatinoita maoko nemakumbo edu, unodzorwa nehurongwa uhwu hwetsinga. Saka nhasi tichataura nezvechimwe chinhu chakakosha chinobatsira masero aya etsinga kushanda nemazvo. Ndiyo Myelin Sheath .

Chii chinonzi Myelin Sheath? Ngatizvinzwisise zviri nyore!

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, sheath yemyelin chifukidziro chinodzivirira chinoputira masero edu ese etsinga (atinodaidzawo kuti `(Neuron)`). Chakaita segirovhosi diki. Chakagadzirwa nemafuta (kureva `(Lipids)`) nemapuroteni. Chifukidziro ichi chinofukidza chikamu chikuru che "trunk" chemasero etsinga, chinonzi axon . Funga nezvacho sewaya yemagetsi mudzimba dzedu. Ine sheath yepurasitiki yakakomberedza waya dzemhangura. Ndiyo nzira iyi sheath yemyelin inodzivirira masero etsinga uye inoabatsira kushanda zvakanaka.

Ndezvipi zvikamu zve neuron? Zvakafanana nemuti!

Tisati tataura zvakawanda nezve myelin sheath, ngatinzwisise kuti chii chinonzi nerve cell uye kuti zvikamu zvayo chii. Masero etsinga ndiwo anoumba sisitimu yedu yetsinga . Sisitimu iyi yetsinga yakaita senzvimbo huru yekuchinjana ruzivo mumuviri wedu. Inogamuchira ruzivo kubva mumuviri wese, inopindura, uye inochinjika kune zviri kuitika mukati nekunze kwemuviri. Patinofunga nezvesisitimu yetsinga, ine zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru. Fungidzira kuti sisitimu yetsinga yakaita semuti : 1. Soma kana Muviri weSero: Izvi zvakafanana nemidzi yemuti. Madendrite , akafanana nemidzi yesoma, anotora "zvinovaka muviri" kubva muvhu. Asi pano, "zvinovaka muviri" mameseji emakemikari anobva kune mamwe masero etsinga ari pedyo. Aya mashoko anobva ashandurwa kuita ma electrical impulses. Nucleus yesero iriwo mukati meiyi soma. 2. Axon: Izvi zvakafanana nehunde refu yemuti. Sezvo zvinovaka muviri zvinotorwa kubva pamidzi yemuti zvichikwira nehunde, axon inotakurawo ma electrical impulses anobva kusoma pamwe chete nayo. 3. Axon Terminal: Izvi zvakafanana nemabukira ari kumagumo emapazi emuti. Mashizha nemukume zvinobuda mumabukira aya. Nenzira iyi, ma "electrical impulses" anoburitswa kubva pabukira iri re axon kuitira kuti akwanise kutorwa netsinga dzinotevera. Izvi zvinoenderera mberi kusvika meseji yasvika kuuropi hwako, musana , kana zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri wako. Mugumisiro wacho zvinhu zvakaita setsandanyama dzinobatana kuti dzifambise ruoko rwako, dzikubatsire kufema, kana kuti dziite kuti mwoyo wako urove. Iye zvino ungave uine pfungwa diki nezvechimiro chemasero etsinga.

Chii chinoitika kuMyelin Sheath?

Muviri we myelin une mabasa matatu makuru:

• Dziviriro: Sezvandambotaura, chifukidziro ichi chemafuta-protein chinopa dziviriro yemasero etsinga , sezvinoita purasitiki yakakomberedza waya dzetambo yemagetsi.
• Kukurukurirana nekukurumidza: Ndosaka ma "electrical impulses" achifamba kubva kune rimwe sero retsinga kuenda kune rimwe nekukurumidza uye zvinobudirira . Pasina myelin, rwendo urwu rwaizononoka zvikuru.
• Kuchengetedza simba remhepo: Iyi myelin sheath inobatsira kuchengetedza simba remashoko sezvainofamba neaxon.

Myelin inogadzirwa nemasero anonzi oligodendrocytes muuropi hwedu nemumusana (atinodaidza kuti Central Nervous System (CNS) . Saizvozvowo, myelin inogadzirwa nemasero eSchwann muPeripheral Nervous System yedu (network yetsinga dziri kunze kwesystem yetsinga, dzinopararira mumuviri wese). Idzi tsinga dzemumativi ndidzo dzinotumira mameseji pakati pesystem yetsinga yemumativi nemuviri wese.

Maburi ari mu myelin sheath anonzi chii?

Usafunge nezve myelin sheath sechinhu chinovhara chinoenderera mberi, chakakora. Kwete, zvakaita sebhokisi refu. Panogumira bhokisi rimwe uye bhokisi rinotevera richitanga, pane mukaha mudiki. Saizvozvowo, myelin sheath inoumbwa netambo dzemyelin dzakatevedzana dzakaparadzana. Imwe neimwe yetambo idzi dzemyelin inonzi internode . Mikaha midiki iyi iri pakati petambo mbiri dzemyelin inonzi ma node eRanvier . Ma node aya eRanvier ane huwandu hwakawanda hwe sodium ions dzakanaka. Kana chiratidzo chemagetsi, kana kuti impulse, chichifamba ne axon, chinosvetuka kubva pa node imwe yeRanvier kuenda kune inotevera. Pachinoyambuka mukaha uyu, ma sodium ions anochaja chiratidzo chemagetsi. Ipapo chiratidzo chinogona kuramba chichifamba pasina kurasikirwa nechaji yacho kana kurasikirwa nesimba rayo. Inzira inoshamisa kwazvo, handiti?

Chii chinoitika kana sheath ye myelin ikakuvara?

Zvinonzi kune masero etsinga angangoita mabhiriyoni zana mumuviri wedu. Rimwe nerimwe rawo rinoshanda nguva dzose, richitumira uye richigamuchira mameseji, richidzora mashandiro ese mumuviri wedu. Fungidzira zvaizoitika dai sheath ye myelin yakakomberedza masero aya etsinga ikakuvara. Ipapo kumhanya kwechiratidzo chemagetsi kwaizoderera, kana kuti kwaizomira zvachose. Chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvekukuvadzwa kwe myelin isimba rekudzivirira muviri mumuviri wedu.Masero anofunga zvisirizvo kuti myelin chinhu chisiri chekunze. Ipapo masoja edu ekudzivirira muviri anotanga kurwisa myelin. Izvi zvinokonzera kuti zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvigadzirwe, izvo zvinokuvadza myelin. Pakupedzisira, masero anogadzira myelin (oligodendrocytes nemasero eSchwann) anofawo. Kuparadzwa uku kwe myelin sheath kunonzi demyelination . Zvichienderana nekuti myelin inorwiswa kupi, zviratidzo zvako zvinosiyana.

Ndezvipi zvirwere zvinokanganisa myelin?

Kune zvirwere zvakawanda zvinokuvadza myelin. Ungave wakambonzwa nezvezvimwe zvezvirwere izvi.

Zvirwere zvinokanganisa myelin mu central nervous system (CNS):

Chirwere chinowanzoitika icho vanhu vazhinji vakambonzwa nezvacho, chinorwisa myelin yetsinga huru (ndiko kuti, uropi nemuzongoza), imultiple sclerosis . Pamusoro pezvo, kune zvimwe zvirwere zvakawanda zvinokanganisa myelin yetsinga huru:

• Kupararira kweEncephalomyelitis: Uku kusawanzoitika, kwakanyanya, uye kwakasimba kwekudzivirira muviri kunoitika mutsinga huru dzemuviri.
• Schilder's Sclerosis: Inozivikanwawo se "Diffuse Myelinoclastic Sclerosis", ichi chirwere chisingawanzoitiki chinokanganisa mashandiro etsinga dzemuviri chinoitika muvana.
• Transverse Myelitis: Ichi chirwere chinokonzerwa ne autoimmune chinokonzera kuzvimba kwemusana.
• Neuromyelitis Optica: Muizvi, masoja emuviri anorwisa tsinga dzeziso nemusana kuburikidza nema antibodies .
• Optic Neuritis : Izvi zvinosanganisirawo kuzvimba kwetsinga yemaziso.
• Kubvisa Myelin muTumefactive: Ichi chironda chimwe chete chinokuvadza myelin chakakura kupfuura 2 centimeters.

Zvirwere zvinokanganisa myelin mu peripheral nervous system:

• Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kuitika mushure mehutachiona kana, kashoma, mushure mekubaiwa nhomba.
• Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy ( CIDP ): Ichi chirwere chinoramba chichirwisa myelin.
• Paraproteinemic Demyelinating Neuropathy: Iyi imhando ye neuropathy inobatanidzwa nekuvapo kweantibody inobatanidzwa nekenza.
• Chirwere cheCharcot Marie Tooth type 1 nerudzi X: Ichi chirwere chetsinga chinogarwa nhaka.
• Kushaikwa kwemhangura: Kana huwandu hwemhangura hwaderera, myelin inorasikirwa nemasimba ayo ekudzivirira uye inogona kukuvara zviri nyore.

Ndezvipi zvimwe zvirwere zvinogona kukanganisa myelin?

Kune zvimwe zvikonzero nei sheath ye myelin ichigona kukuvara kana kuparadzwa muvanhu vakuru:

• Kurohwa
• Utachiona, Dziviriro yemuviri uye Matambudziko eMetabolic (`(Matambudziko eMetabolic)`)
• Mhando dzechepfu
• Kushaikwa kweVitamin B12
• Mimwe mishonga, semuenzaniso `(Ethambutol)`
• Kushandisa doro zvakanyanya

Pamusoro pezvo, muzvirwere zvakawanda zvisingawanzoitiki zvenhaka, sheath ye myelin haigadzike zvakanaka. Mienzaniso inosanganisira Tay-Sachs Disease , Gaucher Disease , Hurler Syndrome, uye Niemann-Pick Disease .

Fungidzira kuti mashandiro emuviri wedu aizokanganiswa zvakadini dai nzira idzi dzinokurumidza dzinotakura mashoko mumuviri wedu dzaivharika, sekunge takavharirwa mumigwagwa. Ndosaka hutano hwe myelin sheath hwakakosha zvikuru.

Kukuvadzwa kwe myelin kunogona kugadziriswa here?

Uyu ndiwo mubvunzo unobvunzwa nevanhu vazhinji. Ehe, myelin yakakuvara inogona kugadziriswa , muhurongwa hwepakati hwetsinga uye muhurongwa hwetsinga dzeropa. Asi zvakakosha kudzora zvinhu zvinokonzera kuputsika kwemyelin, zvakaita sekuzvimba, uye kushandisa kudzvinyirira/kuchinja kwemuviri (semuenzaniso , steroid , intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) , nemimwe mishonga). Masayendisiti akaita kufambira mberi kukuru mukunzwisisa nzira dzinogona kushandiswa pakusimudzira kugadziriswa kwemyelin. Kunyangwe paine zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinovimbisa, hazvisati zvanyatsojeka kuti zvakabatsira sei varwere. Parizvino hapana mishonga inotenderwa yekugadzirisa myelin. Heano mimwe mienzaniso kubva muzvidzidzo:

• Kuedzwa kudiki kwekiriniki yePhase II kwakaratidza kuti mushonga we antihistamine clemastine une simba rekugadzirisa myelin. Clemastine yakavandudza kutapurirana kwezviratidzo zvemagetsi muvarwere vane multiple sclerosis vane kukuvara kwetsinga dzemaziso. Imwe ongororo yekutanga yevanhu yakawana kuti musanganiswa wemushonga wechirwere cheshuga metformin neclemastine wakabatsira pakugadzira myelin.
• Masero EdziNekuvharira molekyuru mumasero e-oligodendrocyte, ayo anoita myelin muhurongwa hwetsinga huru (aya ndiwo "mabhuroko" emarudzi ese emasero), mbeva dzine zviratidzo zvakaita semultiple sclerosis dzakakwanisa kugadzirisa myelin yadzo ndokupora kusvika pamwero wakati.
• Tsvagiridzo iri kuenderera mberi mukuona kugona kwemasero emuviri kugadzirisa kukuvara kwe myelin uye kuderedza kufambira mberi kwechirwere.
• Mimwe mishonga inoratidza vimbiso mukudzivirira tsinga kubva mukukuvadzwa kwakanyanya. Mushonga wekudzivirira kuzvimba wakadzikisa zvakanyanya mwero wekufa kwemasero europi (atrophy) mukuyedzwa kwePhase II. Mushonga wepfari wephenytoin wakaratidzwa kuti wakachengeteka, uchideredza kukuvara kwemyelin ne30% zvichienzaniswa ne placebo. Antioxidant lipoic acid inogona kubatsira kudzivirira kukuvara kwakanyanya kwetsinga.

Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba

Saka, unogona kuona kukosha kwe myelin sheath iyi pakushanda zvakanaka kwetsinga dzedu. Myelin inokosha pakushanda zvakanaka kwemabhiriyoni emasero etsinga aya anotaura nenhengo dzese dzemuviri wedu uye anotonga zvese.

• Myelin iganda rinodzivirira rakagadzirwa nemafuta nemapuroteni akakomberedza masero etsinga.
• Inobatsira tsinga kufamba nekukurumidza uye zvinobudirira.
• Kukuvadzwa kwe myelin kunogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakakomba zvakaita se multiple sclerosis.
• Kutsvagurudza kuri kuenderera mberi nenzira dzekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa zvirwere zvinokonzera kukuvara kwe myelin.

Zvirwere zvakawanda nemamiriro ezvinhu zvinogona kurwisa myelin. Multiple sclerosis ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa pazvirwere izvi. Asi mashoko akanaka ndeekuti vaongorori vari kutsvaga nzira dzekudzivirira, kugadzirisa, uye kugadzirazve myelin. Uye vari kufambira mberi mukuita izvozvo. Saka, pane tariro!

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Myelin, sheath yemyelin, masero etsinga, ma neuron, sisitimu yetsinga, sisitimu yetsinga yepakati, sisitimu yetsinga yeperipheral, kubviswa kwemyelination, multiple sclerosis