Nhengo dzemhuri yako dzinogona kunge dzakakuudza kuti, "Maziso ako akafanana neababa vako," uye "Kunyemwerera kwako kwakafanana nekwaamai vako." Tinoti chitarisiko chedu, hunhu hwedu, uye zvinhu zvatinowana kubva kumajini amai nababa vedu. Majini aya akagarwa nhaka kubva kuvabereki vedu. Asi nyaya iyi yemajini yakadzama uye inoshamisa kupfuura zvatinofunga. Nhasi tiri kutaura nezvechitsauko chazvino munyaya iyoyo yakadzama, iyo iri mushonga wemajini. Iyi tekinoroji itsva ichaita mutsauko mukuru mune zvehutano.
Chii chinonzi Genomic Medicine?
Muchidimbu, mushonga wemajini kudzidza kuti majini ese ari mumuviri wemunhu anoshanda sei pamwe chete kuti abatsire muviri. Funga nezvazvo nenzira iyi. Haugone kuwana pfungwa yeimba yese kubva padhina rimwe chete. Asi kana ukatarisa purani yakazara yeimba, unogona kunzwisisa zvese nezvechimiro cheimba, kuti makamuri ari kupi, uye kuti masuo nemahwindo zviri sei. Nenzira imwecheteyo, jini rimwe chete rakafanana nedhina iroro. Asi muunganidzwa wemajini ese ari mumuviri wako (Genome) wakafanana nepurani yakazara yeimba iyoyo. Mupurani iyi, mune seti yakazara yemirairo yekuti muviri wako uchakura sei uye uchakura sei. Mirairo iyi yakanyorwa mumamorekuru anonzi DNA .
Kunyangwe basa iri riri idzva, rakakura nekukurumidza mumakumi emakore apfuura. Chikonzero chikuru cheizvi chaive chirongwa cheHuman Genome Project , chakapedzwa muna 2003. Chaive chirongwa chikuru chakaunganidza masayendisiti kubva kumativi ese epasi. Chinangwa chayo chaive chekuona majini ese ari mumuviri wemunhu, kuaongorora, uye kunzwisisa mashandiro awo. Ndipo apo masayendisiti akawana kuti kune majini angangoita 20,500 mumiviri yedu.
Vachishandisa ruzivo urwu, vanachiremba vava kukwanisa kuona kuti ndiani ari panjodzi huru yekubatwa nezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakaita sekenza uye zvirwere zvisingawanzoitiki zvinobata vana vadiki. Iyi tekinoroji ichabatsirawo mune ramangwana kusarudza mushonga unoshanda zvakanyanya kumurwere.
Chii chiri musiyano uripo pakati peGenetics neGenomics?
Kunyangwe mamwe mazwi maviri aya achinzwika zvakafanana, pane musiyano wakajeka pakati pawo. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa musiyano uyu.
MajiniMajini kudzidza majini ega ega. Genomics kudzidza nezvemajini, kureva kuti, mashandiro anoita majini ese pamwe chete.
Semuenzaniso, ungave wakambonzwa kuti mamwe majini anochinja anogona kukonzera chirwere. Vanhu vane BRCA gene mutation vane mukana wakakura wekuva nekenza yemazamu neyemazai kupfuura munhuwo zvake. Kana uine chero zvinokunetsa, taura nachiremba wako nezvekuongororwa ropa kunoongorora jini iroro. Izvozvo zvinonzi majini.
Asi genomics yakakura kupfuura iyi. Inosanganisira kuyera kutevedzana kweDNA yemajini ese ari mumuviri wako. Izvi zvinonzi genomic sequencing . Kunyangwe izvi zvingaita sebasa rakaoma, mutengo weizvi wadzikira zvakanyanya nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji itsva.
Musiyano uyu unogona kutsanangurwa zvakanyanya mutafura iri pazasi.
| Chinhu | Majini | Genomics |
|---|---|---|
| Teererai | Nezve jini rimwe chete kana majini akati wandei | Nezve majini ese (Genome) emunhu |
| Chikero | Chinoonekwa chakamanikana | Yakafara zvikuru (Yakafara) |
| Chinangwa chikuru | Kuwana hukama huripo pakati pezvirwere zvakagarwa nhaka nemajini ega ega | Kudzidza hukama hwakaoma pakati pezvirwere, nharaunda, uye majini |
| Muenzaniso | Kuongororwa kwemajini eBRCA panjodzi yekenza yemazamu | Kuongororwa kwegenome rese kwechirwere chisingazivikanwe |
Ndinofanirawo here kuti bvunzo yangu yemajini (Genome Sequencing) iitwe?
Uyu mubvunzo unobvunzwa nevanhu vazhinji. Kune nzvimbo dzatovepo pasi rose uko mhando iyi yekuedzwa inogona kuitwa. Asi ichi ndicho chinhu chinodiwa nemunhu wese here?
Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu aripo iye zvino, bvunzo iyi inonyanya kubatsira chete mumamiriro ezvinhu mashoma chaiwo.
- Vana vane matambudziko ehutano akaoma kuongororwa: Vamwe vana vanogona kunge vaine matambudziko ehutano ekuzvarwa nawo, kuremara kwepfungwa, kunonoka kukura, kana pfari dzinowanzoitika. Kana chikonzero chisingawanikwe kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwakajairika, genomic sequencing inogona kukwanisa kuwana chikonzero. Kana chikonzero chaonekwa, kurapwa kunogona kuchinjwa.
- Vamwe varwere vegomarara: Kune varwere vane mamwe magomarara, kunyanya magomarara eropa, bvunzo iyi inogona kuvabatsira kusarudza mushonga wakakodzera uye unoshanda kwavari. Izvi ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti "mushonga chaiwo." Kureva kuti, pachinzvimbo chekupa munhu wese mushonga mumwe chete, tinogadzira mushonga wakagadzirirwa majini ako.
Kana uine kenza, zvakakosha kutaura nachiremba wako nezverudzi urwu rwebvunzo. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwekenza yaunayo, ruzivo rwunobva mubvunzo iyi runogona kukubatsira kutungamira kurapwa kwako kana kukubatsira kunzwisisa kufambira mberi kwechirwere chako.
Ndezvipi zvakanakira nekuipira kwebvunzo iyi yemajini?
Tekinoroji iyi inonakidza zvikuru uye ine vimbiso huru. Asi sezvakaita mativi ese emari, ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira zvinofanira kutariswa.
| Zvakanakira | Zvakaipa |
|---|---|
| Kuziva njodzi dzechirwere chako: Kana uchiziva kuti une hutachiona hwemajini hwakaita sechirwere chemwoyo, unogona kurarama hupenyu hunoderedza njodzi yako. | Mhedzisiro isina kujeka: Nekuti masayendisiti haasati anzwisisa basa remajini mazhinji, bvunzo yako inogona kuwana shanduko dzisingazivikanwi. |
| Mishonga chaiyo: Inobatsira kusarudza mishonga inoshanda zvakanyanya uye yakagadzirirwa munhu wega yezvirwere zvakaita sekenza. | Kushushikana: Kuziva kuti une chirwere chisingarapiki chinogona kukonzera kuzvidya mwoyo kwakanyanya kana kuora mwoyo. |
| Kuongororwa kwechirwere chisina kuongororwa: Kukwanisa kuwana chikonzero chaicho chezvirwere zvanga zvisati zvaonekwa kwenguva yakareba. | Nyaya dzekuchengetedzwa kweruzivo: Unofanira kufunga nezvekuchengetedzwa kweruzivo rwako rwese rwemajini nekambani yakazvimirira. Unofanira kunetseka nezvekuchengetedzwa kwedata. |
Kana uri kufunga nezvebvunzo yakadaro, unofanirawo kufunga nezve mukana wekushushikana kubva muruzivo rwunopa. Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vanhu vangada kuziva remangwana ravo pachine nguva, vamwe vangasakwanisa kurigadzirisa. Uyewo, funga kaviri nezvekupa ruzivo rwako rwemajini kukambani yakazvimirira. Verenga uye nzwisisa marongero avo ekudzivirira data nokungwarira.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Mishonga ye genomic haisi yejini rimwe chete, asi kuti majini ese ari mumuviri wako anoshanda sei pamwe chete .
- Iyi inyaya itsva mune zvokurapa. Ine mukana mukuru wekuongorora zvirwere zvisingawanzoonekwi zvakaoma kuongorora, uye kupa mishonga yakasarudzika kune varwere vegomarara.
- Iyi haisi bvunzo yenguva dzose inofanirwa kuitwa nemunhu wese panguva ino. Parizvino inonyanya kubatsira kune vanhu vane zvinodiwa zvehutano.
- Kunyange zvazvo bvunzo iyi ingave nezvakanaka, inogonawo kukonzera migumisiro yakaipa maererano nekushushikana uye kuchengetedzeka kweruzivo rwemunhu.
- Chinonyanya kukosha: Kana uri kufunga nezvekuongororwa kwerudzi urwu, usazvisarudzire wega. Iva nechokwadi chekuti wataura nachiremba wako kutanga wowana mazano ake.
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