Ngatidzidzei nezvemasero eB nenzira iri nyore? Zvidziviriro zvidiki zvemuviri wako!

Wakambozvibvunza here kana paine hondo isingaoneki iri kuitika mukati memiviri yedu nguva dzese? Ehe, ichokwadi. Varindi vadiki vari mukati memiviri yedu vanorwisa utachiona hunokonzera zvirwere zvinobva kunze. Boka rakakosha pakati pevarindi ivavo imasero eB. Nhasi tichataura nezvemasero eB aya uye kuti anotidzivirira sei kubva kuzvirwere.

Masero eB chii chaizvo?

Masero eB, sezvambotaurwa, imhando yemasero machena eropa muropa redu. Tinoadaidzawo kuti `(B lymphocytes)`. Masero aya eB chikamu chakakosha chemuviri wako, sisitimu yekudzivirira yemuviri inokudzivirira kubva kuzvirwere. Basa rawo guru nderekugadzira mapuroteni akakosha anonzi `(antibodies)` ekurwisa `(mabhakitiriya)` anokuvadza - zvinhu zvakaita semavhairasi, mabhakitiriya, uye tupukanana - zvinopinda mumuviri.

Masero eB neT cells marudzi maviri emasero ari mumhando chaiyo yemasero machena eropa anonzi lymphocytes. Malymphocytes aya anorwisa vapambi nemasero asina kujairika akadai semasero ekenza. Masero eT anoparadza utachiona uye anobatanidza masoja emuviri nekutumira zviratidzo kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri. Masero eB, kune rumwe rutivi, anogadzira masoja emuviri achipindura maantigen. Maantigen akafanana nemakadhi eID. Maantibodies aya anobatsira masoja emuviri wedu kuziva zvinhu zviri mumuviri wedu, kunyanya zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvakaita semavhairasi nemabhakitiriya.

Ndeapi marudzi makuru emasero eB?

Zvakanaka, ikozvino wava kuziva kuti masero eB chii. Kune mhando mbiri huru dzemasero eB. Iwo masero eplasma nemasero ekurangarira. Mhando dzese idzi dzinotibatsira kudzivirira kubva kuzvirwere. Ngationei kuti sei.

Masero eplasma

Masero aya eplasma ndiwo anoburitsa ma antibodies achipindura maantigen ambotaurwa. Funga nezvazvo sekupfura muvengi paanoona. Kana sero reB rashanduka kuita sero replasma, rinogona kuburitsa ma antibodies angangoita 2,000 pasekondi! Hazvishamisi here izvozvo? Masero aya eplasma anonziwo ma plasmacytes uye masero e effector. Zvisinei, hupenyu hwavo hupfupi pane hwemasero ekurangarira.

Masero ekurangarira

Zita racho rinoratidza izvozvo, handiti? Masero aya ekurangarira anoyeuka maantigen chaiwo. Zvadaro, kana antigen iyoyo ikadzoka mumuviri wedu mune ramangwana, masoja edu ekudzivirira muviri anogona kukurumidza, sekunge ari kugadzirira, kutora matanho ekuzvidzivirira. Sezvatingaita nekukurumidza kumuvengi anozivikanwa. Masero eplasma paanogadzira ma antibodies uye kurwisa vapambi panguva iyoyo, masero ekurangarira anotibatsira kurwisa hondo dzemangwana. Semuenzaniso, iyi ndiyo huwandu hwemajekiseni atinowana anoshanda. Zvinoitwa nejekiseni kuunza masoja edu ekudzivirira muviri kune imwe antigen. Ipapo masero edu ekurangarira anoyeuka. Kana utachiona ihwohwo hukadzoka gare gare, muviri wedu unogona kukurumidza kurwisa.

Sei masero eB achikosha kwatiri?

Masero eB chikamu chakakosha kwazvo chemuviri wedu wekudzivirira muviri unochinjika. Iye zvino ungave uchishamisika kuti system yekudzivirira muviri inochinjika chii. Kune zvikamu zviviri zvikuru zvesystem yedu yekudzivirira muviri. Chimwe isystem yekudzivirira muviri inochinjika, uye chimwe isystem yekudzivirira muviri inochinjika. System yekudzivirira muviri inochinjika yakaita senzira yekutanga yekudzivirira, ichipindura chero kutyisidzira. Asi system yekudzivirira muviri inochinjika ine hunyanzvi hwakanyanya. Inoziva njodzi chaiyo - kureva hutachiona hwakati, mabhakitiriya, nezvimwewo - uye inorwisa.

Saka, zvinoitwa nemasero eB kugadzira masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anoparadza antigen iyoyo kana utachiona hwakasungirirwa kune antigen iyoyo. Zvakare, masero eB anogona kurangarira maantigen chaiwo. Zvadaro, kana utachiona ihwohwo hukadzoka mumuviri, masoja edu ekudzivirira chirwere anogona kudzivirira zvikuru kubva maari. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, pasina masero eB, muviri wedu haungakwanise kuziva vavengi chaivo, kugadzira zvombo (antibodies) zvekurwisa navo, uye kurangarira vavengi ivavo uye kuita chimwe chinhu nekukurumidza kana vakadzoka.

Masero eB anoshanda sei muimmune system?

Kunyangwe iri nzira yakaoma zvikuru, ngatiedzei kuinzwisisa zviri nyore. Masero eB, pamwe chete nemamwe masero ari muimmune system, anorwisa zvinokuvadza zvinotiita kuti tirware, pamwe nemasero asina kujairika akadai semasero ekenza. Kana sero reB rango 'shanda', rinova sero replasma, rinogadzira ma antibodies mukupindura kune antigen, kana kuti rinova sero rekurangarira, rinoyeuka antigen iyoyo. Nenzira iyoyo, kana rikadzoka mune ramangwana, rinogona kukurumidza kuzviziva nekurirwisa.

Kazhinji, kana masoja emuviri achida masero eB kuti arwise muvengi, aya ndiwo mamwe ematanho anoitika:

• Kutanga, sero rakakosha rinonzi sero rinoratidza antigen (APC) rinonamira paantigen yemurwi woripwanya kuita zvidimbu zvidiki. APC inobva yanamira zvidimbu zveantigen kune molekyuru inonzi Major Histocompatibility-II complex (MHC-II).
• Tevere, masero eT anobatsira (anonziwo rudzi rweT cell) anopinda obatana neMHC-II complex iyoyo. Kubatana uku ndiko kunoita kuti masero eT anobatsira ashande. Aya masero eT anobatsira akakosha zvikuru nekuti ndiwo anoudza masero eB kuti 'atange kushanda'.
• Sero reT rinobatirira pasero reB. Sero reB iroro rinotanga kugadzira makopi aro, kana kuti "maclones." Mamwe emasero aya eB anova masero eplasma, anogona kugadzira ma antibodies. Mamwe masero eB anova masero ekurangarira uye anochengetwa mumuviri.
• Mumazuva mashoma anotevera, masero eplasma anogadzira mamiriyoni emasoja ekudzivirira chirwere. Rimwe nerimwe remasoja aya rakagadzirwa kuti riparadze chete utachiona hwakagadzira antigen iyoyo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti masoja ekudzivirira chirwere rimwe chete anogona kungonanga rudzi rumwe chete rwemuvengi.
• Ma antibodies aya anonamira pa antigen kana chikamu chechirwere chine chiratidzo che antigen. Kana chabatanidzwa, chirwere hachichagoni kukuvadza muviri.

Funga nezvazvo sekushanda kwemapurisa. Kutanga, chiratidzo chinouya (kuzivikanwa kweantigen neAPC). Zvadaro timu yakakosha (masero eT anobatsira) inotanga kushanda, ichizivisa imwe timu (masero eB). Chikamu chechikwata ichocho chinotanga kurwa ipapo ipapo (masero eplasma), nepo chimwe chikamu chichigadzirira njodzi dzemangwana (masero ekurangarira).

Masero eB ari kupi?

Nzvimbo yemasero eB inosiyana zvichienderana nedanho rawo rekukura. Funga nezvazvo, paunenge uri mwana ari mudumbu, ndiko kuti, mudumbu raamai vako, masero eB anogadzirwa muchiropa. Asi mushure mekuzvarwa kwedu, masero eB anokura munyama yakapfava, yakaita sesponge mukati memapfupa edu. Ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti bone marrow. Anotanga semasero eropa. Zvadaro, kuburikidza nemaitiro anonzi hematopoiesis, anova masero eB. Kana akura zvakakwana, masero ako eB anofamba achienda kunzvimbo dzakakosha dze lymphatic system yako. Semuenzaniso, spleen ne lymph nodes.

Ndezvipi zvirwere zvinowanzoitika zvine chekuita nemasero eB?

Kana chimwe chinhu chisina kujairika chikaitika kumasero edu eB, chinogona kukonzera zvirwere zve autoimmune uye mhando dzakasiyana dzekenza. Ngatizvitarisei.

Zvirwere zve autoimmune

Dzimwe nguva, izvi ndizvo zvinoitika. Masero edu eB anogadzira ma antibodies achipindura maantigen pamasero edu ane hutano. Zvadaro, ma antibodies iwayo anorwisa masero edu ane hutano sekunge ari kurwisa utachiona hune njodzi. Zvakafanana nekurwisa mhuri yedu. Ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti zvirwere zve autoimmune. Heano mimwe mienzaniso:

• Lupus
• Multiple sclerosis
• Arthritis ine rheumatoid
• Chirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwekutanga

Gomarara

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzegomarara dzine chekuita nekukura kusingawanzoitiki kwemasero eB. Izvi zvinoreva kuti masero eB anotanga kuwanda zvisingadzoreki. Mamwe acho ndeaya:

• Leukemia yeropa inouraya zvikuru
• Leukemia isingaperi yelymphocytic
• Hodgkin lymphoma
• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
• B-cell lymphoma `(B-cell lymphoma)`
• Multiple myeloma
• Waldenström's macroglobulinemia

Ndeipi mhando yakajairika yemasero eB?

Munhu mukuru ane ma lymphocytes ari pakati pe1,000 ne4,800 pa microliter yega yega yeropa. Masero eB anoumba anenge 10% kusvika 20% yemasero ese eropa rako.

Asi yeuka, kana huwandu hwemasero ako eB huchikwira zvakanyanya kana kuti hwakaderera zvakanyanya, zvinogona kureva kuti une chirwere. Chiremba achafanira kuita bvunzo kuti azive chokwadi.

Ndezvipi zviedzo zvinowanzoitwa kuti ndione hutano hwemasero angu eB?

Chiremba wako anogona kukuudza kuti une ma lymphocytes mangani mumuviri wako nekuongororwa kuri nyore kunonzi Complete Blood Count (CBC). Zvisinei, haipe ruzivo nezvemhando dzakasiyana dzema lymphocytes, akadai seB cells neT cells.

Kana chiremba wako achifungidzira kuti une chirwere chinokonzerwa nekusarongeka kwemasero ako eB, anogona kuraira mimwe miedzo inopa ruzivo nezvemhando dzakasiyana dzemalymphocytes, senge lymphocyte profile (T neB cell counts), kana B-cell leukemia/lymphoma panel.

Chii chatingaita kuti masero edu eB arambe akasimba?

Hakuna nzira dzechisikigo dzinogamuchirwa nevakawanda dze'kusimbisa' masero eB. Zvisinei, pane zvinhu zvaunogona kuita kuti dziviriro yemuviri wako irambe iine hutano uye kudzivirira masero eB aunawo kare. Zvizhinji zvezvinhu izvi zvingaita sezvine musoro, asi zvinodzivirira masero eB emuviri wako, nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha zvedziviriro yemuviri, kuti zvisaparadzwe. Sezvinongoita mota dzedu dzinogara kwenguva refu kana dzikachengetedzwa zvakanaka.

Unogona kuita zvinhu izvi kuti masoja emuviri wako arambe akasimba:

• Tora majekiseni ese anokurudzirwa.
• Idya chikafu chakanaka uye chakaringana.
• Ronga kushushikana kwako zvakanaka.
• Dzivisa kunwa doro, kana kurishandisa zvine mwero.
• Dzivisa kusvuta (fodya, vaping). Kana ukadaro, rega.
• Rara kwemaawa manomwe kusvika masere husiku hwega hwega.
• Ita maekisesaizi ane mwero kweinenge maminetsi zana nemakumi mashanu pasvondo.
• Geza maoko ako nesipo nguva dzose kana kushandisa sanitizer yemaoko.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pemasero eT nemasero eB?

Masero eT, masero eB, uye masero eB ese anotidzivirira kubva kuzvirwere zvinokonzera chirwere. Asi anoita mabasa akasiyana muhurongwa hwekudzivirira muviri. Masero eT anotumira zviratidzo zvinodzora mhinduro yemuviri (aya anonzi masero eT anobatsira) kana kuparadza zvakananga masero ezvirwere kana masero ane utachiona (aya anonzi cytotoxic T cells).

Asi masero eB anogadzira mapuroteni anonzi maantibodies achipindura maantigen, ayo ari zviratidzo zvinoudza muviri kuti muvengi apinda mumuviri. Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti muvengi haamiswe zvakananga neB cell, asi nemaantibodies anoitwa neB cell.

Pakupedzisira, zvinhu zvekurangarira

Saka, pasina masero eB, miviri yedu yaisazokwanisa kugadzira maantibodies. Maantibodies aya mapuroteni akakosha anobatsira kurwisa utachiona hunokuvadza. Pamwe chete nemamwe malymphocyte nemasero machena eropa, masero ako eB ndiwo anokudzivirira kubva kuzvirwere uye anokudzivirira kubva kumasero asina kujairika.

Saka, chengetedza masero ako eB. Ita zvinhu zuva nezuva zvinobatsira kuchengetedza masoja ako ese emuviri ane hutano. Sezvambotaurwa, idya zvakanaka, rara zvakanaka, rovedza muviri, deredza kushushikana, uye tora majekiseni ako nenguva. Zvinhu izvi zviri nyore zvichapa simba guru rekudzivirira muviri wako.

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