Uri kufema nekubuda izvozvi, handiti? Zvinoitika isu tisingazvizivi, saka hatimbofungi nezvazvo zvakanyanya. Asi chinhu ichi chinoshamisa chinoitika sei mukati memiviri yedu tisingamire kwesekondi? Nhasi tichataura nezve super system iri mumuviri wedu inotibatsira kuita izvi, system yekufema. Izvi zvakafanana neinjini inopa hupenyu kumuviri wedu. Ngatiedzei kunzwisisa kuti injini iyi inoshanda sei nenzira iri nyore.
Chii chinonzi system iyi yekufema?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, sisitimu yekufema muunganidzwa wenhengo dzemuviri wako nedzimwe nhengo dzemuviri wako dzinokubatsira kufema. Izvi zvinosanganisira mapapu ako, mhino, muromo, nemachubhu anozvibatanidza (nzira dzekufema). Kwete izvozvo chete, asi tsandanyama dzinotsigira sisitimu iyi, tsinga dzeropa, nembabvu dzinochengetedza zvese izvi chikamu chesisitimu iyi. Zvese izvi zvinoshanda pamwe chete kuti zvitore okisijeni yatinoda patinofema uye kubvisa kabhoni dhayokisaidhi yatisingadi patinofema.
Ndeapi mabasa makuru atinopiwa nehurongwa hwekufema?
Basa guru rehurongwa uhwu nderekutora okisijeni inodiwa nemasero emuviri wedu uye kuburitsa kabhoni dhayokisaidhi inogadzirwa sechigadzirwa chemarara. Asi pamusoro pezvo, hurongwa uhwu hunoitawo rimwe basa rinokosha zvikuru. Ngationei kuti chii.
| Basa riri kuitwa | Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore... |
|---|---|
| Kudziyisa uye kunyorovesa mhepo | Mhepo yatinofema inodziya kuti ienderane netembiricha yemuviri wedu. Inonyorovesawo mweya iwoyo kusvika padanho rehunyoro rinodiwa nemuviri wedu. |
| Kudzivirira muviri | Zvinodzivirira zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvakaita semajemusi neguruva zvinopinda mumuviri patinofema. Kana zvinhu zvakadaro zvikapinda, zvinobatsirawo kuzviburitsa kuburikidza nekukosora kana kuhotsira. |
| Kubvumira kutaura | Patinotaura, mweya unobva mumapapu edu unorova tambo dzenzwi dziri pahuro pedu. Kudedera ikoko ndiko kunoburitsa ruzha. |
| Kubatsira nepfungwa yekunhuhwidza | Patinofema, zvidimbu zvemunhuwi zviri mumhepo zvinobata tsinga yekunhuhwirira iri pamusoro pemhino dzedu. Tsinga iyoyo inotumira shoko kuuropi, izvo zvinotibvumira kunhuhwirira chimwe chinhu. |
| Kudzora kuenzana kweacid-base mumuviri | Kana kabhoni dhayokisaidhi muropa redu ikawedzera, acidity yeropa inowedzera. Saka, nzira iyi inobatsira kubvisa kabhoni dhayokisaidhi isingadiwe uye kuchengetedza pH yeropa redu padanho rakakodzera. |
Ndezvipi zvikamu zvehurongwa hwedu hwekufema?
Gamba guru rehurongwa uhwu mapapu edu. Asi kuti tiite basa iri nemazvo, zvimwe zvikamu zvakawanda zvinofanira kushanda pamwe chete. Ngationei kuti chii.
| Nhengo/chikamu | Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore... |
|---|---|
| Mhino nemhino | Musuwo mukuru unopinda nemhepo mumuviri. |
| Muromo nemuromo | Musuwo wechipiri wekupinda nemhepo. |
| Masinasi | Makomba maburi ari kuseri kwematama nehuma. Anobatsira kudzora tembiricha nehunyoro hwemhepo. |
| Huro (Pharynx) | Nzira iyo mweya unobva mumhino nemuromo unofamba uchienda kumapapu. |
| Bhokisi reManzwi (Larynx) | Nheyo dzezwi dzinotibatsira kutaura dziri pano. |
| Trachea | Chubhu huru inotakura mweya kubva pahuro kuenda kumapapu. |
| Bronchi | Nzira huru dzekufema dzinopatsanura trachea kuita zvikamu zviviri uye dzinotakura mweya kuenda kumapapu. |
| Mapapu | Nzvimbo huru yekutsinhana kweokisijeni nekabhoni dioksijeni. |
| Dhayafura | Tsandanyama dziri pasi pemapapu dzinobatsira kudzora kufema. |
Sisitimu iyi inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: nzira yekufema yepamusoro neyenzira yekufema yepasi . Zvikamu zvakaita semhino, sinuses, nehuro ndezvenzira yekufema yepamusoro, nepo trachea, bronchi, nemapapu zviri zvenzira yekufema yepasi.
Sisitimu iyi inoshanda sei? Nyaya inoshamisa!
Okisijeni inokosha kuti masero ari mumuviri wedu agadzire simba. Kana simba iri ragadzirwa, kabhoni dhayiokisijeni inogadzirwa sechinhu chinorasika. Kana kabhoni dhayiokisijeni iyi ikaunganidzwa yakawandisa mumuviri, inotikuvadza. Saka, basa guru rekufema nderekuchinjana magasi maviri aya. Kuti tiite basa iri, hurongwa hwedu hweropa, kureva moyo, ropa, netsinga dzeropa, zvinoshanda pamwe chete.
Fungidzira kuti zvidimbu zveokisijeni zviri mumhepo yatinofema zvakafanana nemamiriyoni evanhu vari mundege.
Paunofema, diaphragm yako inodzika. Izvi zvinowedzera nzvimbo muchipfuva chako, uye mweya (pamwe chete nevatakuri vayo vanotakura okisijeni) unokweverwa mumapapu ako. Mhepo iyi inopinda nemumhino dzako kana mumuromo, ichifamba ichidzika mu trachea yako, ichidzika mubronchi yako, uye, senzira yendege, ichipinda muzvikwama zvidiki zvemhepo zvinonzi alveoli mumapapu ako. Izvi zvakafanana nemagedhi enhandare yendege.
Apa ndipo panoitika basa chairo. Vafambi vane okisijeni vanosvetukira mutsinga dzeropa dzakanaka kwazvo (capillaries) dzakatenderedza ma air sacs aya. Zvakafanana netekisi iri kuuya ichitora mufambi achangobva kubuda pagedhi renhandare yendege. Iyi tekisi iropa redu. Zvadaro, ropa iri rine okisijeni rinoenda kumasero ese mumuviri uye rinoparadzira okisijeni.
Saka chii chinoitika kucarbon dioxide?
Mushure mekunge masero ashandisa okisijeni kugadzira simba, anogadzira kabhoni dhayiokisijeni sechigadzirwa chetsvina. Mushure mekunge mufambi weokisijeni aburuka mutekisi, mufambi anonzi kabhoni dhayiokisijeni anokwirawo mutekisi imwecheteyo. Ropa iroro rinodzokera kumapapu, uko rinodonhedza kabhoni dhayiokisijeni muzvikwama zvemhepo zvinonzi alveoli. Patinofema, diaphragm inokwira kumusoro, ichideredza nzvimbo iri mukati mechipfuva. Ipapo mhepo inosundirwa kunze kwemapapu, ichitora mufambi wekabhoni dhayiokisijeni nayo.
Munguva iyi, vhudzi diki (cilia) nemadzihwa ari mutsinga dzekufema zvinobvisa guruva nehutachiona zvinopinda. Zvinoita semitsvairo midiki iri kutsvaira migwagwa.
Ndezvipi zvirwere zvinogona kukanganisa kufema?
Zvinosuwisa kuti kune zvirwere zvakawanda zvinogona kukanganisa hurongwa uhwu hunokosha. Zvirwere izvi zvinogona kukonzerwa nehutachiona, mavhairasi, mabhakitiriya, fungi, pamwe neutsi neguruva mumhepo yatinofema. Zvimwe zvirwere zvinogonawo kukonzerwa nezvinhu zvemajini.
| Dambudziko rehutano | Sumo pfupi |
|---|---|
| Kurwara kwe rhinitis | Zvirwere zvakaita seasthma zvinokonzerwa neallergies kune zvinhu zvakaita semupunga, guruva, uye dander yemhuka. |
| Zvirwere zvekufema zvisingaperi | Zvirwere zvinogara kwenguva refu zvakaita seasthma, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), uye Cystic Fibrosis. |
| Utachiona hwekufema | Zvirwere zvemudumbu zvakaita sefuruwenza nedzihwa, uye zvirwere zvemudumbu zvakaita sepneumonia. |
| Kuzvimba | Kuzvimba kwenzira dzekufema nekuda kwehutachiona. Mienzaniso: Bronchitis, Sinusitis. |
| Mavanga emapapu (chirwere chemukati memapapu) | Zvirwere zvakaita sePulmonary Fibrosis zvinokonzera mavanga asingaperi uye kuomarara kwemapapu. |
| Kuvharika kwenzira yekufema | Kuvharika kwenzira yekufema nekuda kwechinhu chekunze, bundu rekenza kana risiri rekenza. |
Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvatinofanira kunetseka nazvo?
Kana uine dambudziko nehurongwa hwako hwekufema, unogona kuona zviratidzo zvinotevera:
- Kuoma kufema kana kupfupika kwemweya (dyspnea)
- Kukosora kunogara kwenguva refu
- Kuita ruzha rwekuti 'cheese-cheese' paunenge uchifema (uchifema)
- Kurwadziwa kwechipfuva kana kuomarara
- Dzihwa rinowanzoitika
- Kubuda ropa nemadzihwa
- Ruvara rwebhuruu rwemiromo, ganda kana nzara (cyanosis) - Ichi chirwere chakakomba zvikuru uye chinoda kurapwa nekukurumidza. Kana zvichidikanwa, unofanira kutumirwa kuETU (Emergency Treatment Unit).
Tingachengetedza sei kufema kwedu kuine hutano?
Tose tinofanira kuedza kuchengetedza hurongwa uhwu hwakakosha muhupenyu hwedu hwese. Pane zvinhu zvishoma zviri nyore zvatingaita kuti tiite izvozvo.
1. Dzivisa kusvuta zvachose. Kusvuta fodya kana kuputa fodya nemhepo inofefetera ndiko kukuvadza kukuru kwaungaita mapapu ako. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakawanda zvakakomba, kusanganisira kenza.
2. Dzivisa kufema zvinhu zvinokuvadza. Dzivisa utsi hwemunhu, makemikari, nenzvimbo dzine guruva zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Kana ukasangana nezvinhu izvi kuburikidza nebasa rako, pfeka mask yakakodzera.
3. Inwa mvura yakawanda. Kana ukanwa mvura inodiwa mukati mezuva, madzihwa ari mumapapu ako anova matete uye anogona kuburitswa zviri nyore.
4. Kurovedza muviri nguva dzose.Patinoita maekisesaizi, tsandanyama dziri mumapapu edu dzinosimba, uye kushanda kwedu zvakanaka kwekufema kunowedzera.
5. Zvidzivirire kubva kuzvirwere. Geza maoko ako nguva nenguva uye zvakakwana. Wana majekiseni ezvirwere zvekufema zvakaita sefuruu nenguva.
Ndinofanira kuona chiremba rini?
Kana uchikosora nguva dzose, uchinetseka kufema, uchirwadziwa pachipfuva, kana zvimwe zviratidzo zvisingawanzoitiki, ndapota ona chiremba wako nekukurumidza.
Zvirwere zvakawanda zvekufema, kana zvikaonekwa nekukurumidza, zvinogona kudzorwa uye kurapwa zvisati zvanyanya kuipa. Saka gara uchitarisira muviri wako.
Fema mukati. Fema kunze. Maitiro aya akareruka ndiwo hupenyu hwedu. Anotibatsira kunhuhwidza, kutaura, kuimba. Uye kupfuura zvose, anounza okisijeni inopa hupenyu kumasero edu. Saka tarisirai hurongwa uhwu hunoshamisa. Kana paine dambudziko, tsvagai mazano echiremba. Ipapo muchakwanisa kufema zviri nyore.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Sisitimu yedu yekufema isystem inoshamisa inogamuchira okisijeni, iyo inokosha pakurarama, uye inoburitsa kabhoni dhayokisaidhi isingadiwe.
- Uyu muunganidzwa wakaoma wenhengo dzinobva mumhino kusvika kunzvimbo dzakadzika dzemapapu.
- Kusvuta fodya ndiwo muvengi mukuru wehurongwa uhwu. Nekudzivisa, zvirwere zvakawanda zvinogona kudzivirirwa.
- Mararamiro ane hutano (kurovedza muviri, kunwa mvura yakawanda, kudzivirira kusvibiswa) zvinogona kuchengetedza hutano hwemuviri wekufema.
- Usambofa wakafuratira zviratidzo zvakaita sekukosora kusingaperi uye kushaya mweya. Ona chiremba wako nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.
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