Kune zvimwe zvinhu zvatinoita zuva nezuva zvatisingatombofungi nezvazvo. Zvinhu zvakaita sekumuka mangwanani, kugeza kumeso, kukwesha mazino edu, kupfeka, kudya, kugeza, uye kuenda kuchimbuzi. Izvi ndizvo zvinonzi navanachiremba 'Mabasa eZuva Nezuva' (ADLs) . Izvi ndizvo zvinhu zvakakosha kuti miviri yedu irambe iine hutano uye ichishanda zvakanaka. Dzimwe nguva, kunyangwe kuita mabasa aya anoita seari nyore tiri tega kunogona kuva dambudziko kune vamwe vanhu. Ngatitaurei zvakawanda nezveADL idzi nhasi, handiti?
Chii chinonzi ADLs? Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore...
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, (ADLs) ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru zvatinoita kuti miviri yedu ive neutano hwakanaka uye tirarame hupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva. Izvi zvinogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mumuviri - sekudya, kugeza, uye kuenda kuchimbuzi. Pasina izvi, zvaizotiomera kurarama.
Chimwe chikamu ndechemabasa akaomarara , ayo anokubatsira kurarama wakasununguka uye wakasununguka. Semuenzaniso, kutarisira mari, kuunza zvekudya kumba, kurima bindu, uye kuwacha mbatya. Kuita zvinhu izvi kunoda kufunga zvishoma nekuronga.
Dzimwe nguva, fungidzira kuti unofanira kuvhiyiwa kadiki. Ungangoda rubatsiro neADL idzi kwemazuva mashoma. Izvozvo zvakajairika. Zvisinei, vamwe vanhu vangangoda rubatsiro nemabasa aya kwenguva yakareba, pamwe kunyangwe kwehupenyu hwavo hwese. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekuti vane chirwere chisingaperi chinokanganisa kugona kwavo kufambisa muviri wavo, ndangariro dzavo, uye hunyanzvi hwavo hwekugadzirisa matambudziko.
Sei zvichikosha kutaura nezveADL idzi?
Paunoshanyira chiremba kana kutarisira nhengo yemhuri, timu yezvekurapa ingangotaura nezveADL idzi. Kutaura chokwadi, iyi haisi nyaya iri nyore kutaura nezvayo. Ungafunga kuti, "Oh, ndichafanira kuvimba nevamwe here?" kana kuti, "Amai/baba vangu vachakwanisa kugara pamba ndega here?" Kutya uku nekuzvidya mwoyo kwakajairika.
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekutaura nezvazvo pachena uye nekuvimbika nachiremba wako kana timu yehutano yemudiwa wako.
Vachakuteerera uye vachanzwisisa zvaunoda. Nekutaura nezvazvo nenzira iyi uye kunzwisisa zvaunogona kusarudza, iwe nemhuri yako munogona kuita sarudzo yakanakisisa. Kuti mugadzirire hurukuro iyi, zvinobatsira kuziva chaizvo zvinorehwa navanachiremba pavanoti ADLs.
Kune mhando mbiri huru dzeADLs...
Tambotaura kare kuti maADL akakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri.
1. Mabasa ekutanga ezuva nezuva (Basic ADLs)
Izvi ndizvo zvatinoita zuva nezuva, zvinokosha kuti tirarame panyama. Dzimwe nguva izvi zvinonzi mabasa emuviri ezuva nezuva , nekuti zvine chekuita zvakananga nezvinodiwa nemiviri yedu.
Mimwe mienzaniso yeADLs dzepakutanga:
- Kudyisa:Kutora chikafu chiri mundiro, kuchiisa mumuromo mako, uye kuchidya nemazvo.
- Kugeza/Kuchenesa muviri: Kuenda kuchimbuzi uri wega, kugeza muviri wako, uye kuzvichenesa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kukwesha mazino ako uye kugeza kumeso kwako.
- Kupfeka: Kusarudza nekupfeka mbatya uri wega. Zvinhu zvakaita sekusunga mabhatani nekuisa zipu.
- Kugeza: Kuenda kuchimbuzi uri wega, kuita zvinodiwa, uye kubuda wakachena.
- Kutamisa: Zvinhu zvakaita sekubva pamubhedha kuenda pachigaro, kusimuka pachigaro, uye kufamba-famba mukamuri.
- Kusagadzikana: Kugona kudzora kugona kuita weti panguva yaunoda uye kwaunoda.
Heino chinhu chakakosha chekurangarira. Pane musiyano pakati pekuita izvi zvekutanga ADL nekuzviita zvakachengeteka . Fungidzira, unogona kufamba-famba mumba, asi unonzwa usina kugadzikana, kana kuti wakadonha kashoma uye wakapukunyuka zvishoma. Kana zvakadaro, zvakakosha kuudza chiremba nezvazvo.
Zviri nyore kungoverengera zvinhu, uchifunga kuti, "Ah, ndizvo zvazviri kana wava kukwegura." Asi kana ukaona kuti kuita mabasa aya kwakaoma kupfuura kare, usarega izvozvo zvichikuodza mwoyo. Paunoudza chiremba, vanogona kukurudzira kuti uchinje zvinhu zviri nyore. Semuenzaniso, kubvisa makapeti anotsvedza mumba mako kana kuisa machira ekugezera muimba yekugezera.
2. MaADL ezviridzwa (IADLs)
Mabasa aya, anonzi Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs), akaoma zvishoma kupfuura maADL ekutanga. Anoda hunyanzvi hwepfungwa hwakawanda kuti uite. MaIADL haangotsigiri zvatinoda zvemuviri chete, asiwo hutano hwedu hwese. Kuti uite mabasa aya, unofanirwa kukwanisa kufunga zvakaoma, kuchengetedza zvinhu zvakarongeka, uye kukwanisa kufamba-famba mukati nekunze kwemba.
Mimwe mienzaniso yeIADLs:
- Kutarisira imba: kuchenesa imba, kugadzira mibhedha, kubvisa marara.
- Kugadzirira chikafu: Kuronga chikafu, kugadzirira zvinhu zvinodiwa, uye kuchibika zvakachengeteka.
- Kutarisira mishonga: Kutora mishonga panguva yakakodzera uye nemuyero wakakodzera.
- Kutarisira mari: kubhadhara mabhiri, kubhengi, uye kushandisa mari nekuchenjera.
- Kutenga: Kunyora pasi zvinhu zvaunoda kumba kwako, kuenda kuchitoro, uye kuzvitora.
- Kushandisa runhare: Kukwanisa kufonera mumwe munhu uye kupindura mafoni anouya.
- Kutakurwa: Kufamba uri wega nebhazi, chitima, kana kutyaira mota yako wega kana kubhuka tekisi.
- Kuwacha mbatya:Kuronga, kuwacha, kuomesa, uye kupeta mbatya.
Kazhinji, kana vanhu vakaona kuti havagone kuita maIADL aya vega, vanotanga vakumbira rubatsiro pamabasa aya. Dzimwe nguva, munhu haatombozivi kuti anoda rubatsiro neIADLs kusvika nhengo yemhuri kana chiremba ataura nezvazvo. Vanhu vazhinji vanoda rubatsiro neIADLs vanogona kuita maADLs ekutanga pasina matambudziko.
Zvinodiwa nemunhu zvinogona kuchinja nekufamba kwenguva. Semuenzaniso, munhu ane dambudziko rekufunga zvishoma kana chirwere cheAlzheimer chiri muchikamu chekutanga anogona kunge aine dambudziko rekuita mamwe maIADL asi angasade rubatsiro neADL dzekutanga. Zvisinei, sezvo chirwere ichi chichienderera mberi, anogona kutanga kunetseka kuita kunyange maADL epakutanga.
Ndosaka kuongorora ADLs kusingawanzoitwa kamwe chete. Asi, vanopa hutano, vakaita savanachiremba, vanamukoti, uye vanachiremba vezvemabasa, vanogona kugara vachiongorora kugona kwako kuita zvidzidzo zvepakutanga uye zveIADL. Vanotsvaga chero shanduko dzingaratidza kuti unoda rubatsiro rwakawanda.
Vanachiremba vanoongorora ADL rini?
Vanachiremba vanoongorora kugona kwako kuita ADLs riini uye kangani zvichienderana nenhoroondo yako yehutano uye mamiriro ako ezvinhu pari zvino. Kazhinji, vanamukoti nevanorapa vanogona kutarisa kuti uri kuita ADLs idzi zvakanaka sei kana:
- Kana wapinda muchipatara.
- Mushure mekudzoka kumba kubva kuchipatara.
- Paunenge uchipora kubva pakuvhiyiwa, tsaona yemuviri, kukuvara kweuropi, kana sitiroko.
- Kana uine chirwere chetsinga, chakadai sechirwere cheAlzheimer kana chirwere cheParkinson, icho chinoderedza simba retsinga zvishoma nezvishoma.
- Kana uine hurema hwepfungwa.
- Kana uine dambudziko repfungwa.
MaADL anoongororwa sei?
Vanachiremba vanoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti vaongorore kugona kwemunhu kuita mabasa ezuva nezuva. Semuenzaniso, vanogona kukuona iwe kana mudiwa wako muchiita mabasa aya. Dzimwe nguva, vanobvunza vanochengeta varwere nezvezvavanoona. Dzimwe nguva, munhu ari kunetseka neADLs anozvitaurira ega .
Vanachiremba vanogona kushandisa imwe kana kupfuura yenzira idzi pamwe chete kuti vanzwisise zvakanyanya kuti munhu anokwanisa sei kuzvitarisira uye rudzii rwerubatsiro rwaanoda. Zvichienderana nekuti rubatsiro rwakawanda sei runodiwa, vanachiremba vanogona kukurudzira zvinhu zvakaita se:
- Kushandisa midziyo yekudyira yakagadzirwa nemaoko nemidziyo yakaita semabhandi ekufambisa kuti zvibatsire munhu kutakura.
- Kugadzirisa zvinhu kumba, zvakaita sekushandisa zvigaro zvine nzvimbo dzekutsamira maoko kuti zvive nyore kugara nekumuka pazvigaro.
- Kushandisa nhengo yemhuri (muchengeti wevarwere asina kurongeka) kana mubatsiri wehutano hwepamba pakutarisira varwere.
- Kufunga nezvedzimwe nzira dzekugara, dzakadai sedzimba dzekubatsira vakwegura kana dzimba dzekuchengetedza vakwegura.
Vanachiremba vanogara vachiedza kukurudzira nzira dzinochengetedza iwe kana mudiwa wako zvakachengeteka sezvinobvira.
Chii chinonzi Katz Index? (Katz ADL Scale)
Izvi zvinonziwo ``Katz ADL scale``. Iyi iongororo inoshandiswa navanachiremba kuona kuti unogona sei kuita mabasa ezuva nezuva. ``Katz ADL scale`` inonyanya kutarisa maADL ekutanga , uye haitarise maIADL (mabasa akaomarara).
Chiyero che "Katz ADL" chinoyera kuti unogona sei kuita maADL matanhatu (6) ekutanga. Unowana mamaki eimwe (1) pabasa rega rega raunogona kuita wega , uye mamaki ezero (0) pabasa rega rega raunoda rubatsiro naro . Saka, unogona kuwana mamaki epamusoro e6 (6). Kana mamaki akakwira, unogona kuita basa racho wega. Kana mamaki akaderera, ndipo paunozoda rubatsiro rwakawanda muhupenyu hwako hwezuva nezuva.
Heano maADL matanhatu ekutanga ari pa "Katz ADL scale" uye zvaunofanira kuita kuti uwane mamaki echimwe nechimwe chazvo:
1. Kugeza: Kana uchikwanisa kuchenesa muviri wako wese pasina rubatsiro, kana nerubatsiro rwechikamu chimwe chete chemuviri (semuenzaniso, musana).
2. Kupfeka: Kana uchikwanisa kusarudza nekupfeka mbatya dzako dzese, uye woita zvinhu zvakaita semabhatani, hook nemaziso uri wega (ungangoda rubatsiro rwekusunga tambo dzeshangu dzako).
3. Kubvisa chimbuzi: Kana uchikwanisa kuenda kuchimbuzi usina rubatsiro, gara pachiri, chishandise, wodzoka wakachena.
4. Kutamiswa: Buda pamubhedha kana pachigaro usina rubatsiro kubva kune mumwe munhu, kana uchikwanisa.
5. Kusazvibata: Kana uine simba rakazara pamusoro pekuti unoitira weti uye unobvisa tsvina rini uye kupi .
6. Kudyisa: Kana achikwanisa kutora chikafu mundiro ochiisa mumuromo make ega.
Vanachiremba vanoshandisa chikero cheKatz ADL pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zvinotariswa kana kuongororwa kuti vawane mufananidzo wakakwana wezvaunogona kuita uye rudzi rwerubatsiro rwaunoda. Semuenzaniso, vanogona kushandisa Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale kuti vaone kuti unogona sei kuita mabasa akaomarara, akadai sekugadzirira chikafu kana kuita mabasa epamba.
Kana ukawana cheki yeADL online, zvakanaka kutaura nachiremba usati waishandisa wega. Kunyangwe uine chinangwa chakanaka sei, zviri nyore kusanzwisisa cheki yakaita seiyi kana zvainotaura. Kana uine zvinokunetsa nezvako kana mumwe munhu mumhuri mako, chinhu chakanakisa uye chakachengeteka chekuita ndechekutaura nachiremba wowana gwara ravo rezvekuita zvinotevera.
Chinhu chakakosha chaunofanira kurangarira (Mharidzo Yekuenda Kumba)
Mabasa aya ehupenyu hwezuva nezuva (ADLs) zvinhu zvatinoita nguva dzose uye zvakadzika midzi muhupenyu hwedu. Saka, hatiwanzofunga nezvazvo kusvika iwe kana mudiwa wako asisakwanise kuzviita. Ndipo panotanga kumuka mibvunzo yakaita sekuti, "Rubatsiro rwerudzii rwatichada? Ticharuda kwenguva yakareba sei? Chii chichaitika kune ramangwana rezvese izvi?".
Mibvunzo inouya mupfungwa zviri nyore, asi kuwana mhinduro hakusi nyore nguva dzose. Ndosaka zvichikosha kuudza chiremba zvinokunetsa. Vanenge vakagadzirira kushanda newe uye kuwana mhinduro.
Kana uri kunzwa kusuruvara, kuremerwa, kana kuti wakaneta nekuda kwerudzi urwu rwekuzvidya mwoyo, funga nezvekutaura nenyanzvi yezvehutano hwepfungwa . Vanogona kunzwisisa manzwiro ako uye kukubatsira kuwana nzira dzakanaka dzekugadzirisa shanduko idzi dzehupenyu zviri nyore. Yeuka, hausi wega!
Mabasa ehupenyu hwezuva nezuva, ADLs, ADLs dzekutanga, ADLs dzinoshandiswa nemidziyo, IADLs, kuongororwa kwehutano, kutarisirwa kwevakwegura, kurarama vakazvimiririra
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