Chii chinonzi Apoptosis? Nzira yakanaka kwazvo yekuti masero mumuviri wedu afe!

Wakambozvibvunza here kuti chii chinoitika kumasero ari mumiviri yedu, kunyanya kana akakwegura kana kukuvara? Kutaura zvazviri, miviri yedu ine kugona kunoshamisa kwekuziva masero aya uye kuabvisa nenzira yakarongeka. Ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti apoptosis . Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, iyi inzira yekufa kwemasero iyo muviri unoronga uye unotonga, yakafanana ne 'kufa kwemasero kwakarongwa'.

Sei chinhu ichi chinonzi apoptosis chichikosha kwatiri?

Fungidzira, mamwe masero mumuviri wedu anokura, kana kuti DNA yawo inokuvara. Kana masero aya akaramba aripo mumuviri, anogona kungoramba achipatsanuka nekuwanda zvisingadzoreki, zvichikonzera zvirwere zvine njodzi senge kenza. Maitiro aya anonzi apoptosis anotibatsira kudzivirira njodzi dzakadaro.

Izvi zvakafanana nekubvisa midziyo yekare, yakapwanyika mumba. Kungofanana nekuva nemidziyo iyoyo kunogona kukanganisa imba, kuva nemasero aya akakuvara mumuviri wedu kunogona kukonzera matambudziko. Saka, apoptosis chinhu chakakosha chinobatsira kuchengetedza muviri wedu uine hutano.

Asi, zvese zvinofanirwa kufamba sezvakarongwa. Kana paine chikanganiso mukuita kwe apoptosis iyi, kungave masero akawanda ari kufa kana masero anofanira kunge achifa akasafa, izvozvo zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko.

• Kana apoptosis yakawandisa, inogonawo kuparadza masero ane hutano anodiwa nemuviri wedu. Semuenzaniso, chirwere ichi chinoonekwa muzvirwere zvakaita sechirwere cheAlzheimer.
• Kana apoptosis ikasaitika zvakanaka (ikadzikira): Masero akakuvara uye akatyoka anoramba ari mumuviri, uko anotanga kupatsanurana nekuwanda zvisingadzoreki. Izvi zvinogona kutungamira kuzvirwere zvakaita sekenza.

Ungangoda kudzidza nezve apoptosis nekuti iwe kana mumwe munhu waunoziva akaonekwa kuti anayo. Zvingori zvechisikigo kushamisika kuti maitiro madiki aya ari mukati memasero anogona kungoonekwa nemaikorosikopu angabatana sei nezviratidzo zvatinoona. Zvisinei, kunzwisisa apoptosis kunogona kukubatsira kunzwisisa 'chikonzero' chekuongororwa kwako. Ruzivo urwu runogona zvakare kukubatsira kutaura nachiremba wako nezvechirwere chako uye nzira dzekurapa.

Chii chinoitika ne apoptosis? Chinangwa chayo ndechei?

Kubuda kwemasero mumuviri (apoptosis) inzira inokosha kumiviri yedu. Inotanga tisati tazvarwa. Funga nezvazvo, kana mwana ari mudumbu achikura, semuenzaniso, kuti minwe iumbwe zvakanaka, mamwe masero ari pakati anofanira kufa panguva yakakodzera. Ndizvo zvinobatsira kubuda kwemasero mumuviri.

Kunyangwe mushure mekuzvarwa kwedu, apoptosis inoita mabasa mazhinji akakosha:

• Masero nenyama zvemuviri wedu zvekare zvinoda kugara zvichitsiviwa nezvimwe zvitsva. Apoptosis inobatsira pane izvi.
• Inobatsira masoja edu emuviri kurwisa hutachiona hwakasiyana-siyana.
• Yakakuvara,Masero asingakwanise kugadzikiswa anobviswa mumuviri.
• Zvinodzivirira masero akakuvara kuti asawande zvisingadzoreki.
• Inobatsira kuchengetedza kuenzana (`(Homeostasis)`) munyama dzemuviri.

Chinhu ichi chinonzi apoptosis chinoshanda sei?

Iyi inzira yakaoma, asi muchidimbu, inoitika seizvi. Mamwe mapuroteni akakosha mumiviri yedu anotanga iyi nzira ye apoptosis. Muenzaniso ipuroteni inonzi `(p53 protein).` Iyi inonziwo ``bumor suppressor protein'' nekuti inobatsira kudzivirira masero kuti asapatsanuke zvisingadzoreki, senge masero ekenza.

Heino mashandiro anoita puroteni ye `p53`:

1. Kutanga, puroteni iyi inomutsa "majini" anochengeta ruzivo mumuviri wedu, uye inoedza kugadzirisa masero ane "DNA" yakakuvara.

2. Zvisinei, kana kukuvara kwacho kwakanyanya kugadziriswa, puroteni iyoyo haizobvumiri sero iroro kupatsanurana kana kuwanda.

3. Pane kudaro, puroteni iyoyo inotumira chiratidzo chekuti, "Zvakanaka, ikozvino sero iri rinofanira kutanga maitiro e apoptosis."

Kana apoptosis yatanga, panoitika shanduko dzakawanda dzemakemikari, uye sero rinoputsika kuita zvidimbu zvidiki. Zvadaro, sero riri kufa rinotumira chiratidzo kune mamwe masero anonzi phagocytes (rudzi rwesero jena reropa, sero rinounganidza marara mumuviri wedu), richiti, "Uyai mudye zvidimbu izvi zvangu." Panguva imwe chete, sero riri kufa rinotumira zviratidzo kumatishu akapoteredza zvinobatsira kuderedza kuzvimba uye kupora nekukurumidza. Zvakanyatsonaka, handiti?

Kuwanda kweapoptosis kune njodzi here?

Ehe, zvechokwadi. Kana apoptosis ikaitika zvakanyanya, masero ane hutano anodiwa nemiviri yedu anogonawo kufa. Kufa kwemasero kwakawandisa uku kwakabatana nekukura kwezvirwere zvakawanda. Zvimwe zvezvirwere izvi zvinosanganisira:

• `(Chirwere cheAlzheimer's)` (Chirwere cheAlzheimer's)
• `(Chirwere cheHuntington)` (Chirwere cheHuntington)
• `(Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS))` (chirwere cheALS)
• `(Chirwere chaParkinson)` (Chirwere chaParkinson)
• `(AIDS)` (AIDS)
• Ulcerative colitis
• `(Rheumatoid arthritis)` (Rheumatoid arthritis)

Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zviratidzo zvinomuka nekuda kwekuparadzwa kwemasero ayo muviri unoda.

Chii chinoitika kana apoptosis ikasaitika zvakanaka (ikaderedzwa)?

Sezvatakambotaura, apoptosis inokosha pakubvisa masero akakuvara, kana kuti pakudzivirira kukura kwemasero asingadzoreki. Saka, kana izvi zvikasaitika zvakanaka, kureva kuti , kana apoptosis ikasaitika zvakakwana, masero iwayo akaipa, akakuvara acharamba ari mumuviri otanga kupatsanurana nekuwanda zvisingadzoreki.

Izvi zvakafanana nesora. Kana rikasadzorwa zvakanaka, richakurumidza kupararira nekuparadza bindu rese.

Kuwanda kwemasero uku kusingawanzoitiki kunotungamira kukenza uye zvirwere zve autoimmune.Matambudziko makuru ehutano anogona kuitika.

Basa re apoptosis mukurapa zvirwere nderei?

Vaongorori vakaona kuti shanduko mumaitiro e apoptosis inobatanidzwa mukukura kwezvimwe zvirwere. Saka ikozvino vari kutsvaga mishonga inogona kumisa apoptosis kana yakawandisa, kana kuikurudzira kana ichidikanwa .

Fungidzira, dzimwe nguva mamwe mapuroteni mumuviri wedu anomisa apoptosis kana zvichifanira kuitika. Zvadaro masero akakuvara anogona kuramba aripo ova mabundu ane kenza. Vatsvaguriri vari kutsvaga mishonga inogona kumisa kushanda kwemapuroteni aya. Zvadaro apoptosis inogona kuitika nemazvo, uye masero akaipa iwayo anoparadzwa.

Kune dzimwe nguva patinoda kunonotsa apoptosis zvishoma kuitira kuti tidzivise masero ane hutano atinoda kuti asafe.

Kurapa kunodzora apoptosis nenzira iyi kunogona kubatsira kudzora zvirwere zvakawanda mune ramangwana. Chiremba wako anogona kukuudza zvakawanda nezvazvo.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peapoptosis ne necrosis?

Kufanana neapoptosis, necrosis imwe nzira iyo masero anofa nayo. Musiyano mukuru pakati pezviviri ndewekuti apoptosis inotibatsira kukura kunyangwe tisati tazvarwa, panguva yekukura kwemwana ari mudumbu (unoyeuka here maumbirwo akafanana neminwe?). Zvisinei, necrosis haina chekuita nekukura kwemwana ari mudumbu. Inowanzoitika mushure mekuzvarwa, apo masero anokuvadzwa nehutachiona hwakasiyana-siyana, kukuvara, chepfu, nezvimwewo.

Vaongorori vaimbofunga kuti apoptosis ne necrosis maitiro maviri akasiyana zvachose. Vaifunga kuti apoptosis kufa kwemasero kwakarongwa, kwakarongeka, uye necrosis kufa kwemasero kusina kurongwa, kwakashata . Izvozvo ndezvechokwadi kusvika pamwero wakati. Mu necrosis, zviri musero riri kufa zvinobuda, zvinopararira kune nyama yakapoteredza, uye zvinogona kukonzera kuzvimba. Inzira "yekusagadzikana". Asi mu apoptosis, masero anofa asina kubuda mukati mawo. Pane kudaro, zvidimbu zvemasero zvinounganidzwa nenzira yakarongeka, uye masero anonzi phagocytes anopinda ozvidya.

Zvisinei, tsvakiridzo itsva yakawana kuti pane zvimwe zvakafanana pakati pemaitiro maviri aya. Mamwe marudzi e necrosis, akadai se apoptosis, akawanikwa aine necrosis yakarongwa (kana kuti yakadzorwa). Mienzaniso inosanganisira necroptosis ne pyroptosis . Dzimwe nguva, kana apoptosis ikakundikana, muviri unoshandisa nzira dzakadai se necroptosis kubvisa masero asingadiwe kana ane njodzi. Saka, nzira idzi dzakasiyana dzekufa kwemasero dzinoshanda pamwe chete kubatsira kuchengetedza miviri yedu.

Izwi rekuti 'Apoptosis' rinotaurwa sei?

Kune nzira mbiri dzakajairika dzekududza izwi rekuti `Apoptosis`. Imwe yacho `App-up-toe-sis` uye imwe yacho `App-uh-toe-sis`, zvinoreva kuti pasina ruzha rwechipiri rwekuti `p`. Unogona kubvunza chiremba wako nezveizvi, kana chero rimwe izwi rine chekuita nehutano hwako. Hazvisi nyaya hombe, chinhu chakakosha kunzwisisa pfungwa yacho.

Pakupedzisira, zvinhu zvekurangarira

Kufa kwemasero (apoptosis) inzira isingaoneki asi inokosha zvikuru inoitika mumiviri yedu zuva nezuva kuti tirambe tiri vapenyu uye tiine hutano hwakanaka. Kufa kwemasero uku kwakarongwa hakungotsigiri hutano hwedu chete asiwo kunobatsira kudzivirira zvirwere.

Kana wakamboonekwa uine apoptosis, taura nachiremba wako nezvazvo kuitira kuti unzwisise chirwere chacho zvakajeka, kuti chinokubata sei, uye marapirwo angangoitika.

Yeuka kuti kuziva zvinhu zvakaita seizvi kuchakubatsira zvikuru pakusarudza nezvehutano hwako.

Kufa kwemasero , kufa kwemasero kwakarongwa, mashandiro emuviri, hutano, chirwere, kenza