Kana uchinzwa kurwadziwa mudumbu mushure mekudya chimwe chinhu kubva muchitoro, unofunga kuti, "Ah, handizivi kana ndine mabhakitiriya," handiti? Kana chiremba paanoti, "Uyu utachiona hwebhakitiriya," tinotya zvishoma. Patinonzwa izwi rekuti 'mabhakitiriya', zvinhu zvakaipa zvakaita sezvirwere nehutachiona zvinouya mupfungwa. Asi waiziva here kuti nyaya chaiyo yakasiyana zvikuru? Munyika ino yemabhakitiriya, kune shamwari dzakanaka dzinotibatsira, pamwe nevavengi vane njodzi vanotirwarisa. Nhasi, ngatinzwisisei zvese nezvemabhakitiriya aya nenzira iri nyore, yekukurukura.
Chii chaizvo chinonzi mabhakitiriya?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, mabhakitiriya tupukanana twakaumbwa nesero rimwe chete . Haaonekwe nemaziso, uye anogona kuonekwa chete nemaikorosikopu. Tinodana bhakitiriya rimwe chete kuti "bhakitiriya".
Ingofungai, kune matriliyoni emabhakitiriya kwese kwese pasi pano. Muvhu, mumvura, mumhepo, pamiviri yemhuka, uye kunyangwe mukati nepamuviri wako. Ehe, mabhakitiriya anogara kwese kwese, paganda rako, mumuromo mako, mumhino dzako, muura hwako, munzira yako yeweti. Sekureva kwevasayendisiti, tine masero emabhakitiriya akawanda kagumi kupfuura masero evanhu mumiviri yedu! Zvinoshamisa, handiti? Asi ichokwadi.
Mabhakitiriya ese akaipa here? Kune mabhakitiriya "akanaka" here?
Heino chimwe chinhu chisingazivikanwe nevanhu vazhinji. Mabhakitiriya mazhinji haatikuvadzi. Kutaura zvazviri, mamwe mabhakitiriya akakosha zvikuru kumiviri yedu. Mabhakitiriya aya anobatsira anogara mumiviri yedu ndiwo atinoti "mabhakitiriya ane hushamwari" kana kuti "microbiome". Zvakafanana neuto revabatsiri vadiki mukati memiviri yedu.
Vanhu ava vanowanikwa zvakanyanya paganda redu uye mudumbu (mudumbu).
- Zvinobatsira pakugaya chikafu: Zvimwe zvekudya zvatinodya hazvigayike nemuviri wedu. Mabhakitiriya aya akanaka anopwanya chikafu ichocho, ochigaya, uye anobatsira muviri kutora zvinovaka muviri kubva machiri.
- Mavhitamini anogadzirwa: Mamwe mavhitamini, semuenzaniso vhitamini K nemamwe mavhitamini B, anogadzirwa nemabhakitiriya aya ari mudumbu medu.
- Inodzivirira mabhakitiriya akaipa: Chero bedzi tine mabhakitiriya aya akanaka muura hwedu, hatibvumiri mabhakitiriya akaipa, anokonzera zvirwere kubva kunze kuti apinde ogara nyore nyore. Sezvazvinoita kuti mbavha ipinde mumba medu tiripo.
Kune mabhakitiriya akanaka akawanda muzvinhu zvakaita semukaka usina mafuta uye yogati zvatinodya. Tinozvidaidzawo kuti "Probiotics". Izvi zvinobatsira zvikuru pahutano hwematumbu edu.
Mabhakitiriya "akaipa" anotirwarisa
Pamwe chete nemabhakitiriya akanaka, kunewo marudzi ane njodzi emabhakitiriya anogona kutikonzera kurwara. Tinodaidza aya mabhakitiriya anokonzera hutachiona kuti `Pathogens'.
Kana mabhakitiriya aya anopinda mumiviri yedu, anopatsanuka uye anopararira nekukurumidza. Paanopararira, anogadzira chepfu. Chepfu idzi dzinokonzera zviratidzo zvakaita sefivha, kurwadziwa, uye kurutsa. Tinoti izvi utachiona hwebhakitiriya .
Fungidzira uchinwa mvura isina kucheneswa zvakanaka, kana kudya nyama isina kubikwa zvakanaka, wobva wabatwa nechirwere chemudumbu uye manyoka. Kazhinji, chikonzero chacho mabhakitiriya akaita se '(Escherichia coli)'.
Ngatitarisei mamwe marudzi emabhakitiriya akaipa atinowanzoona mutafura iri pazasi.
| Rudzi rweMabhakitiriya | Chirwere Chinowanzo konzerwa |
|---|---|
| Streptococcus | Utachiona hwehuro (Strep throat), hutachiona hweganda |
| Staphylococcus | Maronda paganda, hutachiona hwe staph |
| Escherichia coli (E. coli) | Chepfu yechikafu, manyoka, hutachiona hwemunzira yeweti |
| Bordetella pertussis | Chikosoro |
| Chlamydia trachomatis | Chlamydia chirwere chinotapuriranwa pabonde. |
Dzimwe nguva mabhakitiriya aya akaipa anogona kupinda muropa redu. Tinodaidza izvi kuti "Septicemia" kana kuti "chepfu muropa." Izvi zvine njodzi huru. Kana utachiona uhwu hukapararira mumuviri wese kuburikidza neropa, masoja emuviri wedu anotanga kurwara zvakanyanya, zvichikonzera chirwere chakakomba, chinotyisidzira hupenyu chinonzi "Sepsis."
Vanachiremba vanoziva sei mhando idzi dzebhakitiriya?
Kana uine hutachiona hwebhakitiriya, chiremba wako anogona kukupa mushonga unorwisa mabhakitiriya. Asi haasi mabhakitiriya ese anorapwa nenzira imwe chete. Saka, zvakakosha kuziva chaizvo kuti mabhakitiriya api ari kukonzera hutachiona hwako. Kuti vaite izvi, masayendisiti nevanachiremba vanoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuisa mabhakitiriya mumapoka akasiyana.
1. Ronga nechimiro
Mabhakitiriya ane maumbirwo matatu makuru.
- Cocci: Yakatenderera muchimiro, semabhora madiki.
- Yakaita setsvimbo (Bacilli): Yakareba, kunge tumiti tudiki.
- Spirochetes: Yakaita sedenderedzwa, yakaita seshinda.
2. Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa neokisijeni
- MaAerobes: Zvipenyu izvi zvinoda okisijeni kuti zvirarame.
- MaAnaerobes: Vanhu ava havagari munzvimbo dzine okisijeni. Okisijeni inova chepfu kwavari.
- Facultative: Vanhu ava vanogona kurarama neoxygen kana vasina.
3. Bvunzo yakakosha inonzi Gram Staining
Iyi bvunzo inokosha zvikuru inoshandiswa mukuisa mabhakitiriya mumapoka. Inosanganisira kuwedzera makemikari akakosha (dhayi) mumuenzaniso webhakitiriya. Zvichienderana nekuti mabhakitiriya anoita sei kune aya madhayi, anogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri makuru. Aya ndiwo Gram-positive neGram -negative .
Pano, 'zvakanaka' uye 'zvakaipa' hazvirevi 'zvakanaka' kana 'zvakaipa'. Ingori mhedzisiro yebvunzo.
Nekuti chimiro chemadziro esero emhando mbiri idzi chakasiyana, anopindura zvakasiyana kune mavara. Uyewo, mhando dzemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inofanira kupihwa kune mhando mbiri idzi dzakasiyana.
| Hunhu | Gram-positive | Gram-negative |
|---|---|---|
| Ruvara rwakaonekwa panguva yekuedzwa | Bhuruu kana kuti pepuru | Dzvuku kana kuti pingi |
| Hunhu hwemadziro esero | Chimiro chakakora, chiri nyore | Chimiro chakatetepa, asi chakaoma kunzwisisa |
| Mienzaniso | Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Listeria | E. coli, Pseudomonas, Chlamydia |
Mabhakitiriya nemavhairasi - Musiyano uripi?
Apa ndipo panovhiringidzika vanhu vazhinji. Mabhakitiriya nemavhairasi zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana. Kunyangwe zvese zvichikonzera kurwara, pane musiyano mukuru pakati pezviviri izvi. Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti marapirwo ezviviri izvi akasiyana zvachose.
| Pfungwa yacho | Mabhakitiriya | Mavhairasi |
|---|---|---|
| Mupenyu here? | Ehe, chipenyu chine sero rimwe chete. Chinogona kuzvibereka chega. | Chimwe chinhu chiri pakati pechipenyu nechisiri chipenyu. Kuti chibereke, chinofanira kupinda mune rimwe sero rinorarama (sero rinobata). |
| Saizi | Yakakura kupfuura mavhairasi. | Kadiki kwazvo. Kadiki zvikuru pane bhakitiriya. |
| Kurapa | Inogona kuparadzwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya . | Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya haishande!Mishonga inorwisa mavhairasi inoshandiswa. |
Yeuka! Kutora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya pazvirwere zvakawanda zvemavhairasi zvakaita sedzihwa, furuwenza, uye dengue fever hazvina zvazvinobatsira. Zvinongokuvadza muviri chete uye zvinoita kuti mabhakitiriya asarambe kurwisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.
Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya uye kuramba kwayo kune njodzi
Kana tikabatwa nehutachiona hwebhakitiriya, masoja emuviri wedu anorwisa hutachiona uhwu. Asi dzimwe nguva tinoda rubatsiro rwekunze kuti tikunde hondo iyoyo. Ndipo panopinda mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya . Mishonga iyi inoshanda nekuparadza madziro emasero ebhakitiriya kana kukuvadza DNA yawo kuitira kuti asabereke.
Zvisinei, tinofanira kungwarira zvikuru pakushandisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Nekuti kana mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya ikashandiswa zvakanyanya kana zvisiri izvo, mabhakitiriya anotanga kuramba mishonga iyoyo. Izvi zvinonzi "Antibiotic resistance".
Fungidzira kuti patinoramba tichishandisa mushonga mumwe chete, mabhakitiriya 'anojaira' mushonga iwoyo zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvakafanana nemuvengi ari kuchinja kuti ashandise zvombo zvedu. Zvadaro, kunyangwe tikaapa mushonga wacho, mabhakitiriya haazofi. `(MRSA - methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)` muenzaniso wemhando ine njodzi yemabhakitiriya anoramba mishonga yakadaro.
Chikanganiso chinoitwa nevanhu vazhinji munyika medu ndechekuenda kupharmacy kunotsvaga mushonga unorwisa mabhakitiriya kana vangonzwa fivha kana dzihwa. Izvi zvine njodzi huru. Kana uine hutachiona hwehutachiona, mushonga iwoyo haubatsiri zvachose. Zvakare, kana ukashandisa izvi usina kurairwa nachiremba , mabhakitiriya anogona kujaira mishonga iyi, uye rimwe zuva kana wava nehutachiona hwakakomba hwebhakitiriya, panogona kunge paine mamiriro ezvinhu apo pasina mushonga wekushandisa.
Naizvozvo,
- Ingotora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kana yanyorerwa nachiremba .
- Tora mushonga wawakanyorerwa nachiremba wako kwenguva yakazara . Kunyangwe zviratidzo zvako zvikavandudzika mumazuva mashoma, tora mushonga kwemazuva ese wakanyorerwa. Kana ukasadaro, mabhakitiriya asina kufa zvachose anogona kukura mumuviri wako otanga kuramba mushonga wacho.
Dzimwe nyaya dzinoshamisa nezvebhakitiriya
- Mabhakitiriya anoberekana sei? Mabhakitiriya mazhinji anoberekana nemaitiro anonzi "binary fission." Izvi zvinoreva kuti sero rimwe chete rebhakitiriya rinopatsanuka kuita maviri, zvichigadzira masero maviri matsva. Izvi zvinoitika nekukurumidza. Ndosaka hutachiona huchipararira nekukurumidza.
- Mabhakitiriya anodya purasitiki!Muna 2016, boka revasayendisiti muJapan rakawana mhando yemabhakitiriya anodya mabhodhoro epurasitiki (`Ideonella sakaiensis`). Mabhakitiriya anowanzo kudya zvinhu zvakasikwa. Asi bhakitiriya iyi inogaya kemikari ``(PET)`` inoumba mabhodhoro epurasitiki. Masayendisiti anotarisira kuti mabhakitiriya akadai rimwe zuva achagadzirisa dambudziko remarara epurasitiki pasi rose.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Mabhakitiriya tupukanana tudiki tunowanikwa kwese kwese. Mazhinji acho haatikuvadzi, uye mamwe anotibatsira zvikuru.
- Mabhakitiriya akanaka (microbiome) ari mudumbu redu akakosha zvikuru pahutano hwedu.
- Kunewo mabhakitiriya anokonzera zvirwere (zvirwere) anokonzera zvirwere. Tinoshandisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kuti tirapwe.
- Mabhakitiriya nemavhairasi zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya haibatsiri pazvirwere zvemavhairasi zvakaita sedzihwa.
- Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inofanira kushandiswa chete kana yakanyorerwa nachiremba. Unofanira kutora mushonga wacho kwenguva yose yawakanyorerwa.
- Usambofa watenga mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kubva kupharmacy uri wega kana kuti wapihwa zano nemumwe munhu. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kukuru.
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