Wakambofunga here kuti chikamu chidiki chemuviri wako chinogona kuponesa hupenyu hwese hwemumwe munhu? Zvakaita sechisikwa chegamba, handiti? Ndizvo zvinoreva kupa mupfupa. Pamwe wakambonzwa nezvazvo, kana kuti pamwe wakambozviona mufirimu. Asi vanhu vazhinji vanotya nezvazvo zvishoma, havanyatsojekeswi nezvazvo. Saka nhasi tichataura nezvazvo zviri nyore, nenzira yaunogona kunzwisisa.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chii chinonzi kupa mupfupa wemapfupa?
Kupa mapfupa emupfupa inzira yekutora chikamu chemapfupa emupfupa, kureva masero emuviri, kubva kumunhu ane hutano wochipa kune munhu ane chirwere cheropa. Izvi zvinonziwo "kuunganidza mapfupa emupfupa".
Funga nezvazvo nenzira iyi, mukati memapfupa makuru emuviri wedu, sepfupa rehudyu nerechipfuva, mune nyama yakapfava yakaita sechipanji. Ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti bone marrow. Iyi ndiyo 'fekitori yekugadzira ropa' yemuviri wedu. Masero matsvuku eropa aunoda kuti urarame, masero machena eropa anokudzivirira kubva kuzvirwere, maplatelet anobatsira kugayira ropa paunobuda ropa, zvese izvi zvinogadzirwa nerudzi runoshamisa rwesero riri mukati mebone marrow iyi. Tinoadaidza kuti stem cells .
Zvino, vamwe vanhu pavanowana kenza yeropa senge leukemia kana aplastic anemia, 'fekitori yavo yekugadzira ropa' inomira kushanda nemazvo. Panguva iyoyo, apo masero aya anotorwa kubva mumongo wemapfupa emunhu ane hutano anopiwa kumurwere iyeye, masero iwayo anoenda ogara mumongo wemapfupa emurwere otanga kugadzira ropa idzva, rine hutano. Zvakafanana nekubvisa muchina wakatyoka woisa muchina mutsva kuti utangezve fekitori.
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti munhu anopa bone morrow haanzwe kurwadziwa panguva iyi, nekuti zvinoitwa pasi peanesthesia.
Sei vamwe vanhu vachida kuisirwa bota remapfupa?
Sezvatakambotaura, izvi zvinomuka kana mapfupa emunhu asiri kushanda zvakanaka kana kuti ari kugadzira masero ane chirwere. Gore rega rega, zviuru zvevanhu zvinokura zvirwere zvinogona kurapwa nekuisirwa mapfupa. Kuisirwa mapfupa emapfupa kunonyanya kuitwa nekuda kwezvirwere zvinotevera:
- Kenza dzinokura muropa (semuenzaniso leukemia, lymphoma (non-Hodgkin lymphoma))
- Zvirwere umo muro wemapfupa usingashande zvakanaka (semuenzaniso aplastic anemia)
- Zvimwe zvirwere zveropa zvinogarwa nhaka (semuenzaniso thalassemia)
- Kusasimba kwemuviri wemuviri
Kumurwere akadai, kugamuchira mupfupa mutsva, une hutano kwakafanana nekugamuchira hupenyu hwechipiri.
Dambudziko guru: Kuwana munhu akakodzera!
Dambudziko guru pano nderekuwana yakakodzera murwere.Kutsvaga munhu anopa mapfupa emubofu. Ndingaongorora sei machisi aya?
Fungidzira kuti sero rega rega mumuviri wedu rine 'chitupa'. Izvi ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigens) mune zvehutano. Aya ndiwo rudzi rweprotein rwakakosha rwunowanikwa muropa redu. Zvino, kuti tiise mupfupa wemapfupa kune mumwe munhu, makadhi ekuzivikanwa, kana kuti 'HLA', emupi neanogamuchira anofanira kunge akafanana sezvinobvira. Kuti zvive nyore, akafanana nekiyi nekiyi. Kana izvi zvikafanana chete, muviri uchagamuchira masero matsva asina kuaramba se'vavengi vekune dzimwe nyika'.
Paavhareji, vanhu vanosvika 30% vanokwanisa kuwana mupi wemapfupa akafanana nemumwe munhu wemumhuri mavo (mukoma kana hanzvadzi). Asi 70% yasara vanofanira kugamuchira chipo ichi chehupenyu kubva kune mumwe munhu asiri mumhuri, mumwe munhu wavasingatombozivi. Ndosaka marejista evanopa mamapfupa emapfupa achichengetwa pasi rese.
Rudzi kana kuti dzinza zvinokanganisa here kuenzana?
Ehe. Iyi ipfungwa yakakosha zvikuru. Kazhinji, mukana wekuti HLA ifanane wakakwira pakati pevanhu verudzi rumwe chete kana kuti verudzi rumwe chete. Majini anodzora dziviriro yedu anoratidza misiyano yakati siyanei zvichienderana nerudzi rwedu.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana munhu wekuSri Lanka achida kuisirwa maronda emapfupa, ane mukana wekuwana mupi akakodzera muSri Lanka. Ndosaka zvichikosha kuti vanhu vanobva kumarudzi ese nenharaunda vanyorese sevapi vemaronda emapfupa. Zvadaro, kana mumwe munhu achida, achakwanisa kuwana mupi akakodzera nekukurumidza.
Ndinganyoresa sei kuti ndive mupi wemapfupa?
Kana uchida kunyoresa semupi wemapfupa muSri Lanka, kune nzvimbo dzakawanda huru kwaunogona kuwana ruzivo. National Cancer Institute, Maharagama ine basa guru panyaya iyi. Unogona zvakare kuwana rumwe ruzivo nezveizvi kuburikidza neNational Blood Transfusion Service.
Maitiro ekunyoresa anowanzoita seizvi:
1. Kupa ruzivo: Kutanga, tichawana ruzivo rwekutanga neruzivo rwakadzama nezvehutano hwako.
2. Kutora sampuli: Tevere, sampuli inotorwa kuti uone rudzi rwe `HLA` yako. Izvi zviri nyore kwazvo. Ungangoda kutora masero mashoma kubva mu `dama swab` kubva mukati memuromo mako. Kana kuti ungangoda kutora ropa shoma kwazvo.
3. Kunyoresa: Rudzi rweHLA yako rwunoongororwa uye ruzivo irworwo rwunoiswa murejista yevanopa rubatsiro.
Mushure meizvozvo, hapana chaungaita. Uchangobatwa chete kana rudzi rwako rweHLA rwakafanana nerwemurwere chero kupi zvako pasi rose. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kungoti wakanyoresa hazvirevi kuti uchava mupi wemapfupa. Ungasazombofonerwa. Asi kana ukadaro, zvinoreva kuti une mukana wekuponesa hupenyu hwemumwe munhu.
Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvekusakodzera kupa mupfupa wemapfupa?
Kunyangwe chero munhu achigamuchirwa kuti abatanidzwe muchirongwa ichi chakanaka, zvimwe zvinodiwa zvehutano zvinoonekwa kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti mupi neanopihwa vakachengeteka. Mamiriro anotevera anowanzoonekwa seasingakodzeri kupa mupfupa wemapfupa.
| Chikonzero chekurambidzwa | Tsananguro iri nyore |
|---|---|
| Zera | Kazhinji, vanhu vane makore anopfuura makumi matanhatu havabvumidzwe kupa. |
| HIV/AIDS | Munhu ane HIV haakwanise kupa mari. |
| Matambudziko eArthritis akanyanya | Zvirwere zvakakomba zvakaita se rheumatoid arthritis . |
| Zvirwere zve autoimmune | Zvirwere zve autoimmune zvirwere umo masoja emuviri anorwisa muviri. |
| Zvirwere zvekugwamba kweropa | Zvirwere zvine chekuita neropa zvakaita sehemophilia . |
| Kenza | Kana wakamborapwa kenza (chemotherapy, radiation) kare. |
| Chirwere cheshuga | Vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga vanotora majekiseni e insulin havakwanise kupa. |
| Chirwere chemwoyo | Matambudziko emwoyo akakomba. |
| Hepatitis B kana C | Kana hutachiona uhu huri mumuviri. |
| Chirwere cheitsvo | Chirwere cheitsvo chisingaperi. |
Rondedzero iyi haina kukwana. Kana uchida kupa zvipo, asi uine dambudziko rehutano, zvakanaka kukurukura nachiremba wako . Iye achakwanisa kuongorora nhoroondo yako yezvekurapa uye kuona kana uri munhu akakodzera.
Maitiro ekupa mapfupa emupfupa anoshanda sei?
Fungidzira, wanyoresa, uye rimwe zuva unowana runhare ruchikuudza kuti wakakodzera murwere. Chii chinoitika kana wabvuma? Ngatizviongororei nhanho nhanho.
1. Usati wavhiyiwa
Kutanga, hutano hwako hwese huchaongororwa. Izvi ndezvekuona kuti wakanyatsokodzera izvi. Pakuita izvi, bvunzo dzinoverengeka dzichaitwa.
- Kuongororwa kweropa: Kuverengwa kweropa kwakazara (CBC), kuongororwa kwebasa reitsvo nechiropa (CMP), uye kuongororwa kwenguva yekugwamba kweropa (PTT).
- Kuongororwa kwezvirwere: Tarisa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotapukira zvakaita seHIV, hepatitis, uye cytomegalovirus (CMV).
- Mimwe miedzo: ECG neX-ray yechipfuva zvinoitwa kuti zvionekwe mashandiro emoyo.
Mushure mezvose izvi, chiremba weanesthesia achakuongorora uye achakugadzirira kuvhiyiwa.
2. Panguva yekuvhiyiwa
Izvi zvinoitika muimba yekuvhiyira.
- Kutanga, uchapihwa mushonga weanesthesia. Saka hauzonzwi kurwadziwa , ucharara zvachose.
- Vachakudzosera padumbu rako voita kuti urarame pasi.
- Zvadaro, chiremba anoisa tsono yakakosha isina chinhu kuburikidza neganda riri kumashure kwebhonzo rehudyu yako uye anoburitsa mvura yemwongo wemapfupa.
- Sei uchifanira kusarudza pfupa rehudyu? Nekuti rine mapfupa emupfupa ane hutano uye ane hutano hwakanyanya mumuviri wedu.
- Ungangoda kuisa tsono kakawanda kuti uwane huwandu hunodiwa.
- Kazhinji, pakati pe1 ne2 pints (inenge 0.5 - 1 litre) yemupfupa wemvura unowanikwa. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvinganzwika sezvakawanda, zviriMuviri wako unovakazve huwandu uhu mukati memavhiki mashoma.
- Maitiro ese anotora inenge awa imwe chete .
3. Mushure mekuvhiyiwa
- Uchaendeswa kukamuri revanorwara. Uchafanira kugara ikoko kweinenge awa imwe chete.
- Vanamukoti vachakumirira kuti udzoke mupfungwa uye vacharamba vachiongorora zvinhu zvakaita sekurova kwemoyo wako neBP.
- Bhandiji richaiswa panzvimbo yakapinzwa tsono. Vachaongororawo kana paine kubuda ropa kusingawanzoitiki.
- Kana wangokwanisa kunwa mvura, chubhu yemunyu (IV tube) inobviswa.
- Vanamukoti vachakukurudzira kuti uite zvinhu zvakaita sekufema zvakadzika uye kukosora kuti uderedze migumisiro yekushaiwa hope.
Unganzwa kuneta zvishoma uye kuda kurutsa. Asi izvozvo zvichavandudzika zvishoma nezvishoma. Unogona kudzokera kumba manheru iwayo kana mangwana acho. Asi haugone kutyaira wega, unoda mumwe munhu kuti akufambise.
Migumisiro uye nguva yekupora
Sekunge kune chero kuvhiyiwa kupi zvako, kune njodzi diki kwazvo. Pane zvingangoitika kana munhu abatwa nechirwere cheanesthesia, hutachiona, uye kukuvara kwetsinga kana tsandanyama pakaiswa tsono. Asi izvi hazviwanzoitiki .
Munguva yekupora, unogona kusangana ne:
- Kurwadziwa kwemusana nepahudyu: Unganzwa kurwadziwa uye kuomarara kwemazuva mashoma, sekunge wakakuvara. Chiremba wako achakuudza kuti utore mushonga wekuderedza marwadzo (semuenzaniso paracetamol) weizvi.
- Kukuvara: Nzvimbo yakapinzwa tsono inogona kunge iri yebhuruu.
- Kuneta: Vamwe vanhu vanonzwa kuneta uye vanonetseka nekufamba kwemazuva akati wandei.
- Kushaikwa kwesimbi: Ungangokumbirwa kuti utore mishonga yesimbi kwemazuva mashoma kuti ikubatsire kudzoreredza huwandu hwemasero matsvuku eropa.
Vanhu vazhinji vanogona kudzokera kumabasa avo emazuva ese mushure memazuva mashoma ekuzorora . Zvinogona kutora mavhiki maviri kusvika matatu kuti vanyatsopora.
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kugutsikana kwepfungwa kwaunowana kubva mukuita izvi. Kunzwa kuti mumwe munhu, pamwe mwana mudiki, ararama zvakare nekuda kwako hakukoshi. Ndiyo mukana mukuru pano.
Kana ukaona zviratidzo zvehutachiona, zvakaita sefivha, kutsvuka, kuzvimba, kana kurwadziwa kwakanyanya panzvimbo yekubaiwa jekiseni, unofanira kufonera chiremba wako nekukasika .
Chekupedzisira, mupi nemugamuchiri vanogona kusangana here? Ehe. Asi chete kana vese vachida. Masangano aya anobatsirawo kuronga misangano yakadaro.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Kupa mapfupa emupfupa chiito chakanaka chinogona kuponesa hupenyu hwemunhu ane zvirwere zvinouraya zvakaita sekenza yeropa.
- Maitiro aya anoitwa pasi peanesthesia yakakwana, saka mupi haanzwi kurwadziwa . Kuvhiyiwa kwakachengeteka zvikuru.
- Dambudziko guru nderekuwana mushonga unoenderana neHLA wemurwere. Saka, zvakakosha kunyoresa vapi vakawanda sezvinobvira.
- Muviri wako uchavandudza huwandu hwemabhonzo aunowana mukati memavhiki mashoma , uye hauzokukuvadzi kwenguva refu.
- Kana uchida kuva mupi weropa, unogona kuwana rumwe ruzivo kubva kumasangano akaita seMaharagama Apeksha Hospital kana National Blood Donation Service.
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