Chiremba anoita oparesheni yemoyo anonzi ani? (Chiremba wemwoyo) Ngatidzidzei nezveizvi!

Wakambozvibvunza here kuti tinofanira kuona ani kana tichida kuvhiyiwa kwedambudziko remwoyo? Kana kuti ndiani chiremba anoita oparesheni yekuponesa moyo panguva yenjodzi, uye chii chaizvo chaanoita? Mumwe munhu akakosha kudaro chiremba wemwoyo. Nhasi, ngatitaurei nezvekuti chiremba uyu wemwoyo ndiani uye zvaanoita.

Chii chinonzi Kuvhiya Mwoyo?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chero kuvhiyiwa kunoitwa pamoyo wako kana patsinga huru dzeropa dzinobatana nawo kunonzi kuvhiyiwa kwemoyo. Dzimwe nguva, kunogonawo kusanganisira kuvhiyiwa kwenyama dziri pedyo nemoyo kana zvimwe zvinhu. Funga nezvazvo, moyo wakaita semota diki mumuviri wedu, zvakakosha kuti urambe uchishanda nemazvo! Saka, kuvhiyiwa kwakadaro kunofanira kuitwa nokungwarira kukuru uye nehunyanzvi.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzevanachiremba vemwoyo here?

Ehe, tinogona kupatsanura vanachiremba vemwoyo kuita mhando mbiri. Kunyangwe paine kufanana kwakawanda mubasa ravanoita, vanoiswa muzvikamu izvi nekuda kwemisiyano mikuru.

Chiremba wemwoyo

Vanachiremba ava dzimwe nguva vanonzi Cardiothoracic Surgeons kana kuti General Thoracic Surgeons . Izwi rechiGiriki rekuti 'Thoracic' rinoreva 'chipfuva'. Saka, sezvinoreva zita racho, vanachiremba ava vanovhiya nhengo zhinji dziri muchipfuva. Semuenzaniso, vanovhiya mwoyo netsinga huru dzeropa, mapapu, gurokuro , iro rinotakura chikafu kubva mumuromo mako kuenda mudumbu, uye trachea .

Zvisinei, vamwe vanachiremba vechipfuva vanogona kungotarisa zvirwere zvine chekuita nemoyo, saga rakatenderedza moyo (pericardium), uye mitsipa mikuru yeropa yemwoyo. Vamwe vanogona kungotarisa zvirwere zvechipfuva kunze kwemwoyo nemitsipa mikuru yeropa.

Chiremba wemwoyo wevana vakaberekwa vari mudumbu/vana

Vanachiremba ava vane hunyanzvi mukugadzirisa matambudziko emuviri kana zvikanganiso zviri mumoyo zvinowanikwa pakuzvarwa. Semuenzaniso, vamwe vacheche vanozvarwa vaine matambudziko emavharuvhu emwoyo kana maburi ari mumadziro ari pakati pemakamuri emwoyo (akadai seVentricular Septal Defect kana Atrial Septal Defect) . Ava ndivo vanhu varipo kuti vagadzirise zvinhu zvakadaro.

Vamwe vanachiremba vanoita maoparesheni aya pavanhu vakuru - nekuti dzimwe nguva chirwere chemwoyo chinongowanikwa chete kana munhu akura. Zvisinei, vamwe vakadzidziswa zvakanyanya kuita maoparesheni aya pavana vadiki, vacheche, nevachangoberekwa. Basa ravo rakanyanya hunyanzvi, uye kune vanachiremba vemwoyo vevana vashoma kana tichienzanisa neavo vanovhiya vanhu vakuru chete. Nekuti iri ibasa rakaoma, rinoda kudzidziswa kwakawanda uye ruzivo.

Ruzivo nekudzidziswa zvakawanda zvinodiwa kuti uve chiremba wemwoyo?

Kutaura zvazviri, dzidzo nekudzidziswa zvinodiwa kuti uve chiremba wemwoyo zvakakura . Zvinotora makore angangoita gumi nemashanu. Mamwe mabasa ekuvhiya mwoyo anogona kutora anopfuura makore makumi maviri. Fungidzira kuzvipira! Zvakafanana nekumhanya marathon, asi kwemakore mazhinji.

Chiremba wemwoyo wese anofanira kuita zvinotevera:

• Unofanira kupedzisa dhigirii reBachelor mumakore matatu kusvika mana.
• Mushure meizvozvo, unofanirwa kudzidza kwemakore mana kuchikoro chekurapa uye kuwana dhigirii rekurapa (Medical Doctor kana Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine degree) .

Zvadaro, unofanira kusarudza chimwe chezviviri izvi:

• Kugara kwenguva refu kwemakore mashanu ekuvhiyiwa kunoteverwa nemakore maviri kana matatu ekuvhiyiwa kwemwoyo.
• Kana, kugara kweIntegrated Cardiothoracic Surgery Residency (ICTSR) kwemakore matanhatu.

Kuti uve Chiremba weMwoyo weKuberekwa, unofanirwawo kupedza gore rekudzidziswa kwakakosha (Fellowship). Izvi zvinoreva kuti unogona kufungidzira kuti inguva yakawanda sei yaunopedza uchidzidza, uchidzidzisa, uye uchiwana ruzivo. Zvese izvi zvinoitirwa kuti uve munhu akanakisa anogona kutarisira moyo wako.

Ndedzipi mhando dzezvirwere zvinorapwa nachiremba wemwoyo?

Chiremba wemwoyo anogona kurapa chero chirwere, mamiriro, kana kukuvara kunoda kuvhiyiwa kuti kugadziriswe kana kugadziriswa . Izvi zvinogona kubva pakukuvara kubva kune tsaona - semuenzaniso tsaona yemotokari, ronda rekubaiwa nebanga, kana ronda repfuti - kusvika pakugadzirisa kukuvara kwemoyo kunokonzerwa nechirwere kana mamiriro ekuzvarwa nawo. Mamwe ematambudziko makuru anoda chiremba wemwoyo ndeaya:

• Zvirwere zvevharuvhu yemoyo.
• Matambudziko emwoyo (Arrhythmias) .
• Kukundikana kwemoyo nekuda kwechirwere chemwoyo.
• Kubviswa kwetsinga yeropa .
• Zvirwere zvemwoyo zvekuzvarwa nazvo zvakaita semaburi ari pakati pemakamuri emwoyo - semuenzaniso , Ventricular Septal Defect neAtrial Septal Defect .

Mavhiyiro api uye nzira dzipi dzinoitwa nevanovhiya mwoyo?

Vanachiremba vemwoyo vanoita mabasa akasiyana-siyana ekuvhiya uye ekurapa. Mamwe eanonyanya kushandiswa anosanganisira:

• Maitiro eMaze - Izvi zvinoitirwa kune mamwe maitiro emoyo asina kunaka.
• Kubatanidza Mitsipa yeCoronary Artery Bypass (CABG) - Tinodaidzawo izvi kuti 'bypass'. Izvi zvinosanganisira kugadzira nzira itsva dzetsinga dzinopa ropa kumoyo kana dzavharika.
• Kuvhiyiwa kwechirwere chemwoyo chekuzvarwa nacho.
• Kugadziriswa kwemavharuvhu emwoyo uye kuvhiyiwa kwekutsiva.
• Kuisa michina mumoyo - semuenzanisoZvinhu zvakaita se (Pacemakers) uye (Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators - ICDs) . Asi dzimwe nguva izvi zvinogona kuitwa nachiremba ane hunyanzvi mukushanda kwemagetsi emwoyo (Electrophysiology) .
• Kuvhiyiwa kwe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy .
• Kuisirwa Mwoyo - Uku kuvhiyiwa kwakaoma zvikuru.

Vanachiremba vanovhiya vanodzidziswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti vaite mhando imwe chete yekuvhiya. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Kuvhiyiwa Kusingakuvadzi Zvishoma: Izvi zvakafanana nekuvhiyiwa kwakavhurika nguva dzose, asi kunoitwa nekucheka kudiki uye nemidziyo yakakosha. Kucheka kudiki kunoita kuti murwere apore nekukurumidza, marwadzo mashoma, kubuda ropa kushoma, uye njodzi dzinowanzova shoma.
• Kuvhiyiwa neRobhoti: Chiremba akadzidziswa zvakakwana anogona kuvhiya nerubatsiro rwerobhoti. Fungidzira agere pacontrol panel pedyo netafura yekuvhiyira, chiremba 'achivhiya' robhoti. Kuvhiyiwa uku kunoitwa uchishandisa zvishandiso zvakabatanidzwa pamaoko erobhoti. Kamera yakakosha parobhoti inopinzwa mumuviri kuburikidza nekucheka kamwe chete, zvichibvumira chiremba kuona mukati memuviri. Izvi zvinowanzoonekwa muzvikamu zvitatu (3-D) , sezvatinoona nyika nemaziso edu. Kwete izvozvo chete, robhoti rinoitawo kuti zvive nyore kuti chiremba ashandise zvishandiso zviri mukati memuviri, uye mafambiro eruoko akakura (zvimwe zvishandiso zvinogona kutenderera 360 ​​degrees, izvo zvakakura kupfuura ruoko rwechiremba). Iyi tekinoroji yakaita kuti zvikwanisike kuita kuvhiya nemazvo.

Ndeapi mabasa echiremba wemwoyo kunze kwekuvhiya?

Chiremba wemwoyo haasi munhu anongovhiya chete. Mabasa ake anosanganisirawo (uye haasi kungogumira pane) zvinotevera:

• Kuchengeta zvinyorwa: Unofanira kuchengeta zvinyorwa zvakadzama uye manotsi nezve maoparesheni akaitwa uye zvakaitwa panguva iyoyo. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru kune vamwe vanachiremba uye kune ramangwana.
• Kudzidzisa: Vanachiremba vazhinji vemwoyo vanoshanda muzvipatara zvekudzidzisa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pavanenge vachiona varwere, vanodzidzisa vanachiremba nevarapi vemangwana nezvekuvhiyiwa kwemwoyo uye kuti kunokanganisa sei varwere.
• Kudzidziswa: Vanachiremba ava vanodzidzira pamwe chete nevamwe vanachiremba, vanachiremba vekuvhiya, nevashandi vemukamuri rekuvhiyira, sezvinoita vatambi vari kudzidzira mutambo, kuitira kuti vagone kuita kuvhiyiwa chaiko zvakanaka uye zvakachengeteka.
• Kuenderera Mberi Nedzidzo: Chiremba wese anofanira kuramba achidzidza uye achiita zvinhu zvitsva. Sezvo sainzi yezvekurapa ichifambira mberi zuva nezuva, anofanira kugara achidzidza nezvenzira itsva dzekuvhiya nemishonga mitsva. Zvichienderana nemitemo yenyika yavo kana yenyika, vanogona kunge vaine zvimwe zvinodiwa zvavanofanira kuita. Kana vakasazadzisa zvinodiwa izvi, vanogona kurasikirwa nerezenisi ravo rekushandisa mushonga. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru.Izvi zvinosanganisira dzidzo yakasimba yezvitupa zvebhodhi uye bvunzo. Dzimwe bvunzo dzinotora maawa, kunyangwe mazuva.

Sei uchifanira kuona chiremba wemwoyo? Chii chaunofanira kutarisira?

Kuvhiyiwa kwemoyo kazhinji inyaya yakakomba zvikuru . Kunowanzoitwa kana pasina imwe nzira iri nani - ndiko kuti, kana pasina nzira yakachengeteka uye inoshanda yekukubatsira.

Kazhinji, uchava nenguva yekudzidza nezvekuvhiyiwa kwemoyo kwauchaita, zvaunofanira kutarisira, uye magadzirirwo azvo. Chiremba achakutsanangurira zvese.

Asi kana paine emergency, ungangoda kuvhiyiwa mwoyo nekukurumidza. Kana zvakadaro, chiremba wepfungwa achataura nemhuri yako, vadikanwi, kana mumwe munhu anogona kutaura achikumiririra uye oita sarudzo dzekurapa. Chiremba wepfungwa achaita zvese zvaanogona kuti akubatsire kunzwisisa zviri kuitika, nei uchida kuvhiyiwa, uye zvaunotarisira.

Unoda here tsamba yekukumbira rubatsiro kuchiremba wemwoyo?

Ehe, zvechokwadi. Kuti uone chiremba wemwoyo, unoda runhare . Runhare irworwo runowanzo bva kuna chiremba wemwoyo kana mumwe nyanzvi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mumwe nyanzvi kana chiremba ndiye wekutanga kuona dambudziko rinoda kuvhiyiwa. Pakukurumidzira, chiremba kana nyanzvi iri pabasa anogona kukurukura nezvedambudziko rako nachiremba wemwoyo ari pabasa, kukukurudzira sarudzo, uye kupa mazano ekurapa akanakisa kwauri.

Kuda kuvhiyiwa kwemoyo kunogona kuva chiitiko chinotyisa uye chinorema . Nerombo rakanaka, haufanirwe kuzviita wega. Kuseri kwemurwere wese anoda kuvhiyiwa kwemoyo kune timu yevanopa hutano nenyanzvi, kubva kune mainjiniya nevashandi vekutsigira kusvika kune vanamukoti, nyanzvi nevanovhiya. Kuva chiremba wemwoyo kuzvipira kukuru , ibasa rinoda kushanda nesimba, uye vakanakisa chete ndivo vanogona kusvika ikoko. Izvi zvinoreva kuti timu yakakura yevashandi vekurapa vane hunyanzvi, vakadzidziswa, vakadzidza uye vane chido vanoita zvese zvavanogona kuti vakubatsire kupora uye kudzokera kuhupenyu hwako.

Saka, ndezvipi zvinhu zvakakosha zvatinofanira kurangarira kubva munyaya iyi?

Chiremba wemwoyo chiremba ane hunyanzvi hwakanyanya anoita maoparesheni pamwoyo netsinga huru dzeropa dzine chekuita nawo.

• Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzadzo, dzimwe dzinoita maoparesheni pazvikamu zvese zvechipfuva (Cardiothoracic Surgeon) , nepo dzimwe dzichinyanya kubata zvirwere zvemwoyo zvekuzvarwa nazvo (Congenital/Pediatric Heart Surgeon) .
• Kuva chiremba wemwoyo kunoda nguva yakareba yekudzidza nekudzidziswa, zvichida makore 15-20.Ehe. Zvinoda kuzvipira zvakanyanya.
• Dzinorapa zvirwere zvakawanda, zvinosanganisira chirwere chevharuvhu yemwoyo, kusagadzikana kwemoyo , matambudziko emwoyo, uye zvikanganiso zvemwoyo zvekuzvarwa nazvo.
• Vanoita maoparesheni e bypass (CABG) , kutsiva mavharuvhu, uye ikozvino vanoitawo maoparesheni asinganyanyi kupinda mumuviri uye anobatsirwa nemarobhoti .
• Kuwedzera pakuita maoparesheni, mabasa avo anosanganisira kuchengeta zvinyorwa, kudzidzisa vamwe, uye kuramba vachidzidza zvinhu zvitsva.
• Kunyange zvazvo kuvhiyiwa kwemoyo kuri nyaya yakakomba, yeuka kuti une timu yevanachiremba vane hunyanzvi vanokubatsira. Kazhinji uchagamuchira tsamba yekunoonekwa nachiremba wemwoyo kubva kuna chiremba wemwoyo .

Saka, ndinovimba ruzivo urwu ruchakubatsira. Kana uine mimwe mibvunzo, usazeza kubvunza chiremba! Kuchengetedza moyo wako kwakakosha zvikuru.

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