Une calcium deposits mutsinga dzemwoyo here? (Coronary Artery Calcification)

Wakambozvibvunza here kana calcium yakawanda inogona kuungana mukati metsinga huru dzinotakura ropa kuenda kumoyo wako? Zvakafanana ne limescale mumapaipi emvura nekufamba kwenguva. Izvi ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti coronary artery calcification (CAC) . Dzimwe nguva, izvi zvinogona kuitika pasina zviratidzo zvinooneka. Asi kuziva izvi kwakakosha zvikuru pahutano hwemoyo wako.

Chii chinonzi Coronary Artery Calcification?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, apa ndipo panowanikwa calcium mukati memadziro etsinga mbiri huru dzinopa ropa kumoyo wako, dzinonzi coronary arteries . Izvi hazviitike neusiku humwe chete. Kazhinji zvinotora makore mashanu kuti calcium iungane mutsinga dzako, mushure menguva yakati rebei paunenge uine plaque (inonzi atherosclerosis ). Funga nezvazvo sepaipi ine tsvina netsvina, uye ipapo calcium inokura.

Kuchengetwa kwecalcium mutsinga idzi chiratidzo chakakosha chechirwere chetsinga dzemwoyo . Izvi zvinoita kuti chiremba wako aongorore njodzi yako yechirwere chemwoyo.

Kana mafuta aya akaungana mukati metsinga, zvinoderedza kufamba kweropa. Unoziva, tsinga dzemwoyo dzinopa tsandanyama dzemwoyo ropa rakawanda reokisijeni. Saka, kana kufamba kweropa mutsinga idzi kukavharika, unogona kurwadziwa pachipfuva (angina) , kana kuti, kurwara nemoyo .

Kune mhando mbiri huru dze calcium deposits:

Vanachiremba vanoona izvi nenzira mbiri huru, zvichienderana nechikamu checalcium chakaiswa mumadziro etsinga:

1. Kuiswa kwemukati metsinga: Izvi zvinoitika mukati memadziro etsinga. Rudzi urwu runonyanya kuonekwa mutsinga dzemoyo.

2. Kuiswa kwepakati: Izvi zvinoitika pakati pemadziro etsinga.

Chii chiri hukama huripo pakati pecalcium deposits mutsinga dzeropa uye atherosclerosis?

Pane hukama hukuru pakati pezviviri izvi. Huwandu hwecalcium mutsinga dzako hunogona kukupa pfungwa yekuti une atherosclerosis yakawanda sei, inova kuunganidzwa kwemafuta mutsinga dzako. Atherosclerosis inguva apo mafuta anoungana mukati metsinga dzako, zvichiita kuti dzitete. Zvinoita kuti zviomere ropa kufamba zvakanaka. Calcium inogona kuita kuti chirwere ichi chiwedzere kuipa.

Ndiani anonyanya kukanganiswa nemamiriro ezvinhu aya?

Vanhu vane chirwere chemwoyo vanowanzoona calcium yakachengetwa mutsinga idzi.

• Nezera:Kana tikatarisa vanhu vane makore anopfuura makumi manomwe, varume vanopfuura 90% uye vakadzi 67% vane chirwere ichi. Vakadzi vasati vasvika pakuguma kuenda kumwedzi, vanenge vadzivirirwa zvishoma kubva panjodzi yekubatwa nechirwere ichi (atherosclerosis) nekuda kwehormone inonzi estrogen . Ndosaka vakadzi vachibatwa nechirwere ichi mushure memakore gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu kupfuura varume.
• Rudzi/Rudzi: Dzimwe ongororo dzakaratidza kuti vanhu vachena ndivo vane mukana mukuru wekuva nechirwere ichi kupfuura mamwe marudzi.
• Kuvarume: Varume vari panjodzi huru yekubatwa nechirwere ichi (Coronary Artery Calcification).

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokonzera njodzi? (Kana uine zvinhu izvi, ungangove uri panjodziwo)

Vamwe vanhu vane mukana mukuru wekuwana chirwere ichi. Tarisa kana uine chimwe chezvinhu izvi zvinokonzera njodzi:

• Kana uine chirwere cheitsvo chisingaperi .
• Kana uine matambudziko eshuga muropa akadai seDiabetes Mellitus .
• Kana huwandu hwecholesterol yakaipa (LDL - Low-Density Lipoprotein) hwakakwira uye huwandu hwecholesterol yakanaka (HDL - High-Density Lipoprotein) hwakaderera.
• BMI (Body Mass Index) , kureva kuti, kana body mass index yakakwira (kufuta).
• Kana mumwe munhu mumhuri yako ane nhoroondo yecalcium deposits mutsinga dzemwoyo dzakadai (nhaka).
• Kana uine BP yakakwira .
• Kana wakamboputa fodya kana kushandisa zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvefodya.
• Nekukura kuri kuwedzera.
• Kana paine kusarongeka kwehomoni yeparathyroid .
• Kana huwandu hwephosphate muropa hwakakwira.
• Kana huwandu hwecalcium muropa hwakakwira.

Izvi zvinoitei kumuviri? Zvinoita sei kuti muviri uve nechirwere ichi?

Kana calcium yakawanda mutsinga dzemwoyo, inoita kuti dziome . Izvi zvinoderedza kugona kwadzo kudzika nekukura zvakanaka. Izvi zvinowedzera njodzi yako yechirwere chemwoyo.

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kuunganidzwa kwecalcium uku kunoderedza huwandu hweropa rinosvika mutsandanyama yemwoyo wako. Funga nezvayo semota inoshanda isingamiri. Kana ikarasikirwa neropa rayo, ichava nematambudziko, handiti?

Chimwe chinhu ndechekuti kana calcium deposits dziripo mutsinga dzeropa, zvinova zvakaoma kuti vanachiremba vaite mamwe marapirwo, akadai sePercutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) , kana sezvatinoziva tese , Angioplasty, nekuti calcium deposits idzi dzinogona kukanganisa kuiswa kwestent inoiswa mukati metsinga.

Zviratidzo zvacho ndezvipi?

Kazhinji, vanhu vane chirwere ichi (Coronary Artery Calcification) havaratidzi zviratidzo . Ndicho chinhu chine njodzi zvikuru. Asi nekufamba kwenguva, sezvo chirwere ichi chichiwedzera kuipa, zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kuoneka. Izvi ndeizvi:

• Angina Yakagadzikana: Uku kurwadziwa kwechipfuva kana kusagadzikana kunowanzoitika panguva yekurovedza muviri kana kukwira masitepisi. Kunoderera nekuzorora.
• Kushaya mweya.
• Kurwara nemoyo.

Zvakakosha: Kana uine zviratidzo izvi, iva nechokwadi chekutsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba.

Sei izvi zvichiitika? Ndezvipi zvikonzero?

Kazhinji mushure memakore makumi mana, calcium muropa redu inogona kutanga kuungana munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemuviri. Kunyanya, madziro etsinga dzakakuvara, dzakazvimba, kana dziri kugadziriswa ndiwo anonyanya kukanganiswa necalcium iyi.

Maitiro aya anogona kutanga kana wava nemakore ekuma20 , asi chiremba anoaona chete kana akura zvakakwana kuti aonekwe pabvunzo yemifananidzo . Uye, vanhu vazhinji vari mumakore ekuma20 ne30 havaiti bvunzo idzi nguva dzose.

Ma calcium deposits anotanga ari zvidimbu zvidiki (0.5µm - micrometers). Nekufamba kwenguva, sezvo mafuta akawandisa, calcium deposits idzi dzinogona kukura kupfuura mamirimita matatu. Vaongorori vanotenda kuti aya madiki calcium deposits (microcalcification) ari mu intimal layer ye artery wall anotanga nekufa kwemasero akatsetseka emhasuru.

Unoona sei izvi? Ndedzipi mhando dzebvunzo dzinoitwa?

Kune bvunzo dzemifananidzo dzakakosha dzinogona kuona chirwere ichi (Coronary Atherosclerosis), kureva kuti, mafuta ari mutsinga, chisati chanyanya kuipa. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha i (Computed Tomography - CT) scan, kana (Multidetector Computed Tomography - MDCT) .

Kuongororwa kweCT yemwoyo kunogona kuratidza zvakajeka calcium deposits mutsinga dzemwoyo. Izvi zvinonzi coronary artery calcium (CAC) test . Inonyanya kutsvaga:

• Karusiyamu yakawanda sei inochengetwa mumuviri?
• Kuwanda kwezvicherwa izvozvo kwakadini?
• Dzakakura sei?

Achishandisa ruzivo urwu, chiremba wako anoverenga kukosha kunonzi Agatston score . Chiyero ichi chinogona kubva pa0 kusvika 400 kana kutopfuura. Chiyero chakakwira, njodzi yako yekubatwa nechirwere chemwoyo kana sitiroko inowedzera mumakore gumi anotevera.

Vanachiremba vakaona kuti bvunzo iyi (CAC) inogona kufanotaura nemazvo njodzi dzemwoyo mune ramangwana. Zvisinei, ungangofanira kubhadhara bvunzo iyi nemari yako wega.

Chii chinorehwa neCAC score (Agatston Score)?

Heino matsananguriro anowanzoitwa zviratidzo izvozvo:

• Chibodzwa 0: Hapana chirwere.
• Chibodzwa 1 kusvika 99: Chirwere chisina kunyanya kuipa.
• Zvibodzwa kubva pa100 kusvika pa399: Hurwere huri pakati nepakati.
• Chibodzwa chiri pamusoro pe400: Chirwere chakakomba.

Pamusoro peiyi bvunzo (CAC), kune dzimwe bvunzo dzisinganyanyi kupindira dzinogona kutarisa calcium yakachengetwa mutsinga dzemwoyo:

• Kuongororwa kwemoyo nemukati metsinga (IVUS): Izvi zvinoshandisa mudziyo we ultrasound une catheter (chubhu tete) yakabatana nemagumo kuti ione mukati metsinga. Mhedzisiro yacho inoongororwa kubva kuClass I kusvika kuClass IV, uye Class IV inoratidza kuti calcium yakawanda sei.
• Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography (IVOCT): Izvi zvinoratidza kuti calcium yakawanda sei iri mutsinga dzako uye kuti yakakora sei. Inoshandisa chiedza che near-infrared kugadzira mifananidzo yemukati metsinga.

Ndezvipi zvinorapwa izvi?

Vanachiremba havasati vava nekurapwa kwakajairika kwe coronary artery calcification. Zvisinei, muzviitiko zvakakomba, vamwe vanachiremba vari kushandisa mushonga mutsva unonzi intravascular lithotripsy . Izvi zvinosanganisira kupinza mudziyo necatheter mu artery uye kuushandisa kuendesa mafungu ekumanikidza kupwanya calcium deposits mumadziro e artery. Stent inogona kuiswa kuti artery irambe yakavhurika.

Mamwe marapirwo anoshandiswa kuvandudza kuyerera kweropa mutsinga anosanganisira:

• Kubviswa kweropa neropa nekushandisa laser: Izvi zvinosanganisira kucheka nekubvisa mafuta (plaque) necalcium kubva mukati metsinga.
• Kucheka, kuyera kana kuomesa bharumu rine simba guru: Izvi zvinosanganisira kuputira bharumu kuti risundire mafuta akaunganidzwa necalcium pamadziro etsinga.

Matambudziko anogona kuitika panguva yekurapwa here?

Sezvinoitwa chero kurapwa kupi zvako, mamwe matambudziko anogona kuitika nekurapwa uku.

Matambudziko eIntravascular Lithotripsy:

• Arrhythmia ( kurova kwemoyo kusina kujairika)
• Aneurysm ( kuzvimba kana kusasimba kwetsinga yeropa)
• Matambudziko ekubuda ropa
• Kurohwa
• Rufu (rusingawanzoitiki)

Matambudziko eRotational Atherectomy:

• Kutsemuka kwetsinga
• Kumira kurova kwemoyo
• Rufu (rusingawanzoitiki)
• Kugadziriswa kweEmergency Coronary Artery Bypass (CABG)

Matambudziko eCoronary Angioplasty:

• Kumira kurova kwemoyo
• Kurohwa
• Arrhythmia
• Kubuda ropa
• Kugwamba kweropa

Matambudziko aya haaitike kune wese munhu, asi zvakakosha kuti uzvizive. Chiremba wako achakutsanangurira njodzi idzi kana vakurudzira kuti uwane mushonga.

Ndingaderedza sei njodzi iyi?

Chinhu chakanakisa chekuita ndechekudzora matambudziko anowedzera njodzi yekubatwa ne coronary artery calcification. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Kana uine chirwere cheshuga, chidzore zvakanaka.
• Kana huwandu hwecholesterol yako husina kujairika, dzora huwandu hwayo.
• Kana uine BP yakakwira , idzore.
• Kana uine chirwere cheitsvo , tsvaga kurapwa kwakakodzera.

Kuwedzera kune izvi, zvakakosha zvikuru kutevera mararamiro ane hutano.

Chii chinoitika kana ndikava nechirwere ichi? Chii chandingatarisira?

Kana ukaonekwa uine Coronary Artery Calcification, uri panjodzi yakakura yekubatwa neCoronary Artery Disease uye Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) .

Zvisinei, kana zvasvika pakubudirira kwenzira dzekurapa, Intravascular Lithotripsy yakabudirira mune zvinopfuura 92% yezviitiko. Saizvozvowo, Rotational Atherectomy yakaratidzawo kubudirira kwe90%.

Zvisinei, kuiswa kwecalcium mutsinga dzeropa kunowedzera njodzi yekukundikana kwekurapwa kwakadai se balloon angioplasty . Zvinogonawo kuoma kuisa stent zvakanaka mutsinga dzeropa.

Ndingazvitarisira sei? Ndinofanira kuitei?

Kana uine coronary artery calcification, zvakakosha kutevedzera mararamiro ane hutano hwemoyo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti:

• Idya zvekudya zvisina mafuta akawanda (deredza mafuta, zvakakangwa, uye zvekudya zvinokurumidza kudya zvakanyanya sezvinobvira).
• Rega kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvefodya (fodya, beedis, nezvimwewo) zvachose.
• Rovedza muviri nguva dzose (sekufamba kwemaminitsi makumi matatu pazuva).
• Chengetedza BP yako necholesterol zviri mukati (tora mishonga sezvakarairwa nachiremba wako uye dzora kudya kwako).

Ndinofanira kuona chiremba rini?

Kana uine BP yakakwira uye/kana cholesterol yakakwira, enda kuna chiremba nguva nenguva kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti zvirwere izvozvo zvanyatso gadziriswa.Kana uchida chirongwa chekuvandudza hutano hwako hwemwoyo, zvakanaka kusangana nachiremba kuti mutaure nezvazvo.

Ndinofanira kuenda kuchipatara nekukurumidza riini (ETU) ?

Kana ukaona zviratidzo zvekurwara nemoyo, zvakaita sekurwadziwa pachipfuva, kuda kurutsa, uye kufema zvisina kunaka , fonera 911 nekukasika kana kuenda kuchipatara chiri pedyo . Nguva inogona kuva mutsauko pakati pehupenyu nerufu panguva yakaita seiyi.

Mibvunzo ipi yandinofanira kubvunza chiremba?

Paunoenda kunoona chiremba, zvinobatsira kubvunza mibvunzo iyi:

• Ndinofanira kuongororwa kuti ndine calcification yeropa here?
• Dambudziko rangu rakakomba zvakadini (Coronary Artery Calcification)?
• Munokurudzira kurapwa kupi padambudziko rangu?
• Ndezvipi njodzi uye mabhenefiti ekurapwa uku?
• Ndezvipi zvandinofanira kuchinja muhupenyu hwangu?

Ngatirangarirei muchidimbu (Mharidzo Yekuenda Kumba)

Kuziva kana uine calcium deposits mutsinga dzemwoyo wako kwakakosha kuti chiremba wako agadzire hurongwa hwekukubatsira. Ungangoda kurapwa kubvisa calcium mutsinga dzako, kana kuti ungangoda kuisa mamwe maitiro ane hutano hwemwoyo mumararamiro ako. Kunyangwe usina matambudziko emwoyo, kudya chikafu chine mafuta mashoma, kurovedza muviri, uye kusadya fodya zvinogona kukubatsira kuti ugare uine hutano. Yeuka, moyo une hutano ndiyo kiyi yehupenyu hune hutano!

Calcium mutsinga dzemwoyo, coronary artery calcification, chirwere chemwoyo, cholesterol, high blood pressure, chirwere cheshuga, kurwara kwemoyo, atherosclerosis