Wakamboona here kuti chikosoro paganda rako chakura uye chachinja ruvara? Kana kuti wakangoerekana waona nzvimbo itsva yerima isina kumbobvira yavapo? Kazhinji, idzi ingori nzvimbo dzakajairika. Zvisinei, muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, shanduko diki idzi dzinogona kuva chiratidzo chekutanga chechirwere chine njodzi chatisingafaniri kufuratira. Ndosaka nhasi tichataura nezvenyaya yakakosha zvikuru. Iyo melanoma, rudzi rwekenza yeganda. Usatya paunonzwa zita iri. Kana tikaziviswa zvakanaka nezveizvi, tinogona kuzvidzivirira kubva pazviri uye tozviziva nekukurumidza uye tozvirapa.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chii chinonzi melanoma?
Melanoma inoonekwa semhando yekenza yeganda ine njodzi uye yakakomba . Zvinoreva "bundu dema." Gomarara iri rinobva kumasero anonzi melanocytes, ayo ari masero anopa ganda redu ruvara rwaro. Masero aya anogadzira pigment inonzi melanin. Ndiwo pigment iyi yemelanin inosarudza ruvara rweganda redu, bvudzi, nemaziso.
Melanoma inowanzoita sedema kana brown, asi dzimwe nguva inogona kuita sepingi, tsvuku, pepuru, kana kunyange ruvara rweganda.
Chimbofungai, inenge 30% yema melanomas inobuda kubva paruvara rwekuzvarwa rwatiinarwo pamiviri yedu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ruvara rwekuzvarwa runoshanduka kuita kenza. Asi chinonyanya kuipa ndechekuti 70% yema melanomas inobuda kubva paruvara rutsva paganda remazuva ese rusina kumbobvira rwava neruvara rwekuzvarwa. Ndosaka tichifanira kungwarira zvakanyanya nezvema moles matsva pamiviri yedu.
Gomarara iri rinogona kukura nekukurumidza uye kupararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri (metastasis). Saka, kuonekwa nekukurumidza kunogona kuva mutsauko pakati pehupenyu nerufu. Asi mashoko akanaka ndeekuti kana rikaonekwa nekukurumidza, rinogona kurapwa mu99% yezviitiko .
Melanoma yakajairika zvakadii? Ndiani ari panjodzi huru?
Kunyangwe melanoma ichingove 1% chete yekenza yeganda yakashumwa pasi rose, ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera kufa kwevanhu vakawanda nekenza yeganda. Inonyanya kuitika pakati pevechidiki vari pasi pemakore makumi matatu, uye inonyanya kuitika pakati pevakadzi vechidiki .
Huwandu hwevanhu vane melanoma hwakawedzera zvakanyanya pasi rose mumakore makumi matatu apfuura. Chikonzero chikuru cheizvi chakaonekwa sekuwedzera kwekuratidzwa kwemwaranzi ye ultraviolet (UV) kubva kuzuva. Kurarama munyika ine chiedza chezuva chakanyanya sechedu, tinofanira kufunga kaviri nezveizvi.
Melanoma inogona kukura chero kupi zvako mumuviri wako. Inogona kukura mukati memaziso kana kunyange munhengo dzemukati. Varume vanowanzo kuikura pachipfuva, mudumbu, uye kumusana wepamusoro (muviri), ukuwo vakadzi vanowanzo kuikura pamakumbo avo.
Nzira yekuziva melanoma? Yeuka mutemo we "ABCDE"!
Sezvambotaurwa, zvakakosha zvikuru kuziva izvi nekukurumidza. Pane nzira iri nyore yekutibatsira nayo. Inonzi mutemo we "ABCDE" . Gara uchitarisa kana paine mamota kana mavanga ekuzvarwa paganda rako anoratidza hunhu uhwu.
| Tsamba | Zvinoreva | Zvaunofanira kungwarira |
|---|---|---|
| A - Kusawirirana | Kusawirirana | Kana ukapatsanura nzvimbo yacho nepakati, rumwe rutivi haruna kufanana nerumwe. Chimiro chacho hachina kujairika. |
| B - Muganhu | Mupendero | Mupendero wemota hauna kujeka. Wakaomarara, une maburi, kana kuti unoita sewapinda mukati mune dzimwe nzvimbo. |
| C - Ruvara | Ruvara | Dombo iri harina ruvara rwakafanana. Rinotaridzika semusanganiswa wemavara akadai sebrown, dema, grey, dzvuku, uye chena. |
| D - Dhayamita | Dhayamita | Upamhi hwenzvimbo yacho hunopfuura mamirimita matanhatu (hwakaenzana nehukuru hwechirabha chiri kune rimwe divi repenzura). |
| E - Kufambira Mberi | Chinja | Chipfukuto chinochinja saizi, chimiro, kana ruvara nekufamba kwenguva. Izvi zvinoshandawo kumapfukuto matsva. |
Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti mamwe ma melanoma haaenderane nemutemo uyu we "ABCDE". Saka, taurira chiremba wako nekukasika kana ukaona ronda risingapori, bundu risingawanzoitika, kana shanduko paganda rako kana chiratidzo chekuzvarwa.
Chimwe chinhu ndeche "Chiratidzo cheUgly Duckling." Kureva kuti, kana uine kavara pamuviri wako kanotaridzika zvakasiyana nemamwe mavara ese ari pamuviri wako, kachitaridzika sekakachekwa, uye kachikuita kuti ufunge kuti, "Iri rakasiyana nemamwe," zvakakosha kuratidza izvozvo kuna chiremba.
Sei melanoma ichikura? Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokonzera njodzi?
Nyanzvi zhinji dzinobvumirana kuti chinhu chikuru chinokonzera melanoma kupiswa nezuva zvakanyanya , kunyanya semwana mudiki, kusvika pakupiswa nezuva uye kubuda matumbu. Maererano nemishumo, 86% ye melanomas inokonzerwa nemwaranzi yeUV yezuva.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, mwaranzi yeUV inogona kukuvadza DNA iri mumasero edu eganda. Gomarara rinoitika kana masero ane DNA iyi yakakuvara anotanga kupatsanuka. Sangano reWorld Health Organization rakaisawo mwaranzi yeUV inobva muminda yeganda semushonga unokonzera kenza.
Kunyangwe chero munhu achigona kuwana melanoma, vanhu vanotevera vari panjodzi huru:
- Kune avo vakambova ne melanoma.
- Kana mumwe munhu mumhuri (amai, baba, vanun'una nemadzikoma) aine melanoma.
- Kune avo vane ganda rakajeka, mavanga, bvudzi reblonde kana dzvuku, uye maziso ebhuruu .
- Kune avo vanobatwa nezuva zvakanyanya, kunyanya avo vanopiswa nezuva.
- Kune avo vanogara pedyo ne equator kana munzvimbo dzakakwirira (vachinyanya kubatwa nemwaranzi yeUV).
- Kune vanhu vane mavara ekuzvarwa akawanda pamiviri yavo, kunyanya avo vane maumbirwo asina kujairika (asingawanzoitiki).
- Kune avo vane masoja emuviri asina simba (semuenzaniso, avo vakamboisirwa nhengo dzemuviri).
Zvakakosha: Melanoma inowanikwa zvakanyanya muvanhu vane ganda rakajeka, asi inogonawo kuitika kune vanhu vane ganda rakasviba. Melanoma inowanikwa zvakanyanya muvanhu vane ganda rakasviba pazvanza, pasi, uye nzara. Saka chenjerera nzvimbo idzi zvakare.
Chiremba anoongorora sei melanoma?
Kana uine chikosoro chinofungirwa kuti chine chirwere, chiremba wako anotanga achiongorora nokungwarira. Kana vachida kusimbisa kuti pane chikonzero chacho, vanobvisa chikamu chechosoro kana kuti chese kuburikidza nekuvhiyiwa kudiki vochitumira kurabhoritari kuti chiongororwe. Izvi zvinonzi biopsy . Aya ndiwo maitiro avanoita kuti chionekwe nemaikorosikopu kuti vaone kana chine masero ekenza.
Kana biopsy ikaratidza kuti i melanoma, danho rinotevera nderekuona kuti kenza yapararira kusvika papi uye kuti yadzika zvakadii. Izvi zvinonzi staging . Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru pakuronga kurapwa. Ukobvu hwekenza ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kukosha pakufanotaura mhedzisiro.
Matanho makuru e melanoma akakamurwa seizvi:
| Danho reKenza | Tsananguro iri nyore |
|---|---|
| Danho 0 | Kenza iri iri pamusoro peganda chete (epidermis). Haisati yapararira. |
| Danho rekutanga | Gomarara rine njodzi shoma. Hapana humbowo hwekupararira kwaro. Rinogona kurapwa zvizere nekuvhiyiwa. |
| Danho rechipiri | Njodzi yekudzokororwa kwechirwere ichi yakakura zvishoma, asi hapana humbowo hwekupararira kwacho parizvino. |
| Danho rechitatu | Kenza iyi yapararira kusvika kuma lymph nodes ari pedyo kana paganda rakapoteredza. |
| Danho rechina | Kenza iyi yapararira kusvika kuma lymph nodes ari kure, paganda, kana nhengo dzemukati (mapapu, chiropa, uropi). |
Ndedzipi bvunzo dzinoitwa kuti paonekwe mukana wekuti chirwere ichi chiitike?
Vanachiremba vanogona kukurudzira mimwe miedzo yakawanda kuti vaone kana kenza yacho yapararira.
- Kuongororwa kweSentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: Kuongororwa kwakakosha kwekuona kana kenza yapararira kusvika kumalymph nodes.
- Kuongororwa kweCT (Computed Tomography - CT scan):Tarisa kana paine kenza munhengo dzemuviri.
- Kuongororwa kweMRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI scan): Kutarisa bundu regomarara muuropi kana musana.
- Kuongororwa kwePET (Positron Emission Tomography - PET scan): Kuona kana kenza yapararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dziri kure dzemuviri.
- Kuongororwa kweropa: Kuyera zvimwe zvinhu muropa (semuenzaniso LDH - Lactate Dehydrogenase) kunogona kupa pfungwa yemamiriro egomarara.
Ndeipi mishonga yekurapa melanoma?
Kurapwa kwaunowana kunoenderana nedanho regomarara rako uye hutano hwako hwese.
Kurapa kukuru pakutanga kwekenza kubvisa zvachose kuburikidza nekuvhiyiwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kucheka nzvimbo ine kenza nenzvimbo diki yeganda rine hutano rakaipoteredza. Kazhinji, iyi inzira iri nyore inogona kuitwa muhofisi yachiremba weganda pasi peanesthesia.
Muzviitiko zvanyanya kuipa apo kenza yapararira, mamwe marapirwo angangodiwa kuwedzera pakuvhiyiwa.
- Kuvhiyiwa kweLymphadenectomy: Kana kenza yapararira kusvika kumalymph nodes, malymph nodes iwayo anobviswa nekuvhiyiwa.
- Kurapa gomarara nenzira yakanangana: Kushandiswa kwemishonga yakakosha inorwisa masero egomarara chete. Iyi haikuvadzi masero ane hutano.
- Kurapa Nemwaranzi: Kuparadza masero egomarara uchishandisa mwaranzi ine simba rakawanda.
- Kurapa nekudzivirira kenza: Kukurudzira masoja emuviri wedu kuti arwise kenza.
Ungazvidzivirira sei kubva ku melanoma?
Ichi ndicho chikamu chakakosha. Pane zvakawanda zvatinogona kuita kuti tizvidzivirire kubva kugomarara iri rine njodzi.
- Dzivisai zuva rakawanda, kunyanya pakati pa10am na4pm, uye garai mumumvuri zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
- Isa sunscreen. Shandisa broad-spectrum (inodzivirira kubva kuUVA neUVB) sunscreen ine SPF ye30 kana kupfuura pese paunobuda panze, kunyangwe pazuva rine makore. Isazve maawa 1.5 ega ega. Isazve kakawanda kana uri kudikitira kana kushambira.
- Pfeka mbatya dzinodzivirira. Pfeka ngowani dzakafara, magirazi ezuva, mbatya dzine maoko marefu, uye bhurugwa refu.
- Dzivisai zvachose nzvimbo dzekuisa ganda paganda.
- Shandisa mafuta emuromo ane mafuta ekudzivirira zuva ekudzivirira miromo yako zvakare.
- Isa mafuta ekudzivirira zuva kuvana vane mwedzi mitanhatu yekuberekwa.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Melanoma ndiyo mhando yegomarara reganda ine njodzi zvikuru, asi kana ikaonekwa nekukasika, inorapika ne99%.
- Tarisa ganda rako nguva dzose. Ziva chero shanduko muhukuru, chimiro, kana ruvara rwechikosoro kana nzvimbo itsva. Yeuka mutemo we "ABCDE".
- Nzira yakanakisisa yekudzivirira melanoma ndeyekuzvidzivirira kubva kuzuva. Shandisa mafuta ekudzivirira zuva zuva rega rega.
- Kana ukaona chero shanduko dzinofungira paganda rako, usazviregeredza. Usatya. Enda kuna chiremba wemhuri yako nekukurumidza uye ongororwa. Kuongororwa nekukurumidza ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekudzivirira.
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