Kugona kwemoyo kupomba: Ngatidzidzei chaizvo nezve Ejection Fraction!

Wakambonzwa here izwi rekuti 'Ejection Fraction'? Ungave wakamborinzwa nachiremba wako kana nhengo yemhuri pavaitaura nezvechirwere chemwoyo. Chinhu chakakosha zvikuru, uye ndicho chiyero chekuti mwoyo yedu ine hutano hwakadii. Saka, nhasi tichataura zvakadzama nezve 'Ejection Fraction' iyi uye zvarinotaura nezvehutano hwemwoyo yedu.

Chii chinonzi Ejection Fraction? Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore...

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, Ejection Fraction ndiyo nzira yekuyera kuti mwoyo wako unopomba ropa zvakadii. Zvakanyanya kunaka, huwandu hweropa hunoburitswa kubva mumakamuri makuru (anonziwo maventricles) pasi pemoyo panguva yekurova kwega kwega.

Kuti tinzwisise izvi, ngatiyeukei muchidimbu kuti ropa rinoyerera sei mumoyo:

1. Ropa rinotanga kupinda muchikamu chepamusoro cherudyi chemoyo (izvi zvinonzi `right atrium`).

2. Zvadaro, panguva yekumbomira kwenguva pfupi pakati pekurova kwemoyo, ropa iri rinopfuura nemuvharuvhu roungana mukamuri repasi (`left ventricle`) kuruboshwe rwemoyo.

3. Zvino, kana ventricle iyi yekuruboshwe yazara neropa, nekurova kwemoyo kunotevera, chikamu cheropa iroro chinopombwa kuenda kune mumwe muviri wese. Huwandu hweropa rinopombwa ndihwo hwatinoyera nechikamu chinobuda ropa.

Ndeipi chikamu chemoyo chine hutano chinobudiswa ropa nguva dzose?

Chikamu chekubuda kweropa chemwoyo une hutano uye unoshanda zvakanaka chinofanira kunge chiri pakati pe50% ne70% . Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana mwoyo ukarova kamwe chete, pakati pe50% ne70% yeropa riri mu ventricle yekuruboshwe rinopombwa kuenda mumuviri.

Asi pane izvi zvakare. Vamwe vanhu vanogona kunge vaine chikamu chakajairwa chekubuda ropa, asi vanogona kunge vachiri nekushaya simba kwemoyo. Tinodaidza izvi kuti 'Heart Failure with preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF)'. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kunyangwe chikamu chekubuda ropa chakanaka, kushaya simba kwemoyo kunokonzerwa nemamwe matambudziko mumoyo.

Sei zvichikosha kuziva Chikamu changu cheEjection?

Chikamu chako cheEjection ndicho chiratidzo chikuru chekuti mwoyo wako uri kushanda zvakanaka sei. Chikamu cheEjection chidiki chinowanzoreva kuti une kana kuti uri panjodzi yekukundikana kwemoyo. Saka, kuziva kukosha uku kwakakosha pakuronga kurapwa uye kutarisa mamiriro emoyo wako.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzeEjection Fraction here?

Ehe, chiyero ichi chinogona kutorwa kunyanya mumakamuri ekuruboshwe nerudyi ('ventricles') emwoyo.

Chikamu Chekubuda Kwemhepo Yekuruboshwe (LVEF)

Tinowanzo taura nezverutivi rwekuruboshwe rwemoyo sechikamu cheEjection. Nekuti,Ventricular yekuruboshwe inopomba ropa rine oxygen yakawanda kunhengo dzese dzemuviri. Saka, kukosha uku kwe'LVEF' kunobatsira kuona kana paine kusasimba kwemoyo kuruboshwe, uye kana zvakadaro, kuti kwakakomba sei.

Chikamu Chekubuda Kwemaventricle Erudyi (RVEF)

Izvi zvinoyera kuti ropa rakawanda sei risina okisijeni uye risina kuchena rinopombwa kubva ku ventricle yekurudyi yemoyo kuenda kumapapu (uko okisijeni inodzoserwa okisijeni). Kukosha uku kweRVEF kwakakosha kana uine kutadza kwemoyo kurudyi. Zvisinei, chirwere ichi hachiwanzoitiki sekutadza kwemoyo kuruboshwe.

Zvinorevei kukosha kwechikamu cheEjection?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kana chikamu chako cheEjection chakaderera, simba remwoyo wako rekupomba ropa harina simba. Izvi zvinoonekwa muvanhu vane chirwere chemwoyo chakakomba. Chinogonawo kuva chakaderera mumatanho ekutanga echirwere chemwoyo. Nzira dzekurapa dzinoenderana nekuti chikamu chako cheEjection chakareba sei kubva pane chakajairika.

• Kana iri pakati pe40% ne49%: Izvi zvinonzi `mid-range ejection fraction`. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kugona kwemoyo kupomba kwakaderera zvishoma pane zvakajairwa. Ungasave nezviratidzo zvekushaya simba kwemoyo. Kana kuti, zviratidzo zvinogona kuitika panguva yekurovedza muviri, senge panguva yekurovedza muviri, uye zvinopera kana wazorora.
• 39% kana pasi: Izvi zvinonzi `Heart Failure with reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)`. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kugona kupomba kwakaderera zvikuru pane zvakajairwa. Kana chikamu chekubuda chakaderera, njodzi yematambudziko anotyisidzira hupenyu akadai sekumira kwemoyo kamwe kamwe (`Cardiac Arrest`) inowedzera. Zviratidzo zvinogona kuva zvakanyanya, uye unogona kunzwa kusagadzikana kunyangwe wakagara pasi.

Kukundikana kwemoyo (HFpEF) kunogona kuitika here kunyangwe chikamu chekubuda kweropa chiri chakajairika?

Ehe, sezvatakambotaura, muchirwere chinonzi `Heart Failure with preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF),` moyo unopomba ropa rakawanda mumuviri kana uchirova. Zvisinei, dambudziko nderekuti huwandu hwese hweropa rinochengetwa mu ventricle yekuruboshwe hunoderera. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti tsandanyama yemoyo inokora kana kuoma, izvo zvinoderedza saizi yekamuri. Zvadaro, muviri haugone kupomba ropa rakawanda sezvaunoda.

Ungave uri panjodzi yekuve neHFpEF nekuda kwezvikonzero zvinotevera:

• Cardiac Tamponade (kuungana kwemvura yakakomberedza moyo)
• Chirwere chetsinga yeropa
• Chirwere cheVharuvhu yeMwoyo
• Kukwira Kweropa

Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvekudzikira kwechikamu chekubuda kweropa?

Fibre dzetsandanyama dzemwoyo dzine hutano dzinodiwa kuti ventricles dzemwoyo dzikwanise kukwenya nekupomba ropa. Kana paine dambudziko rinoita kuti tsandanyama dzemwoyo dzishaye simba kana kukuvadza, kukwenya uku hakuitike zvakanaka, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekupomba kunodzikira.

Mwoyo unofanira kushanda nesimba kuti uite basa rawo. Kumanikidzwa uku kunogona kukonzera kuti mwoyo uzvimbe kana kuti uve nemavanga. Izvi zvinoita kuti zviomere makamuri kuzadza neropa uye kupomba ropa. Kunyangwe kana chikamu chako chekubuda ropa chikadzikira zvishoma, ungasaona mutsauko mukuru pakutanga. Asi kana kushanda kwemoyo wako kukadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma uye chikamu chako chekubuda ropa chikawedzera kuipa, unogona kurwara zvakanyanya.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvechikamu chidiki chekubuda kweropa?

Kazhinji , kana chikamu chekubuda ropa chakaderera, zviratidzo zvekukundikana kwemoyo zvakanyanya. Unogona kusangana nezvinhu zvakaita se:

• Kuvhiringidzika: Kuomerwa nekufunga zvakajeka.
• Kuneta: Kunzwa kuneta kunyangwe uri kubasa chete.
• Kurova kwemoyo: Kunzwa kurova kana kurova muchipfuva .
• Kusvotwa.
• Kushaya simba: Kutadza kufema zvakanaka, kunyanya kana wakarara pasi.
• Kuchengetwa kwemvura: Chirwere apo dumbu kana makumbo zvinozvimba nemvura.
• Kushaya simba.

Yeuka, kana uine zviratidzo izvi, zvakakosha zvikuru kutsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukasika.

Ko kana Chikamu Chekubuda Kweropa Chakakwira kupfuura zvakajairwa?

Kashoma kuti chikamu chekubuda kweropa chive ne75% kana kupfuura. Asi kana zvikaitika, zvinogona kuva nengozi. Izvi zvinogona kuitika kuvanhu vane zvirwere zvakaita se 'Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy' (kukora kwetsandanyama yemwoyo zvisina kujairika).

Chikamu chaani chekubudisa ropa chinofanira kuyerwa?

Kana uine chirwere kana chinhu chinogona kukonzera kutadza kushanda kwemoyo, kuziva chikamu chako chekubuda ropa kunobatsira zvikuru. Muzviitiko zvakaita seizvi:

• Zvirwere zvakaita se'ATTR Amyloidosis' zvinokanganisa moyo.
• Mimwe mishonga yekurapa kenza kana zvimwe zvirwere inogona kukonzera kukuvara kwemoyo (cardiotoxicity).
• Chirwere chemwoyo chekuzvarwa nacho.
• Kana uine chirwere chemwoyo.
• Chirwere cheVharuvhu yeMoyo.
• Myocarditis.
• Kukwira kweropa kwakanyanya.
• Kurova kwemwoyo kusina kurongeka (`Ventricular Arrhythmia`).

Chikamu Chekubuda Kweropa Chinoshandiswa Sei Pakurapa?

Kukosha uku kunobatsira vanachiremba kusarudza mushonga wakanakira kutadza kwemoyo. Zvakare, kutarisa chikamu chako chekubuda ropa nguva nenguva panguva yekurapwa kwako kunogona kubatsira kuona kana mashandiro emoyo wako ari kuvandudzika.

Mamwe emishonga mikuru yekurwisa chirwere chemwoyo ndeaya:

• Rudzi rwakakosha rwemuchina wekubatsira pacemaker (`Biventricular pacemaker`).
• Mishonga yekushaya simba kwemoyo.
• Kuisirwa moyo.
• Kugadziriswa kana kutsiviwa kwevharuvhu yemoyo.
• Kuiswa kwechinhu chidiki mumuviri chinoita kuti mwoyo urove nemagetsi (Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator - ICD).

Chikamu Chekubuda Kweropa Chinoyerwa Sei?

Kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuyera chikamu chekubuda kweropa. Muedzo unonyanya kushandiswa iechocardiogram, iyo yakafanana neultrasound scan yemoyo.

Pamusoro pezvo, bvunzo idzi dzinogonawo kuyera chikamu chekubuda kweropa:

• Kugadziriswa kwemoyo.
• Kuongororwa kwemoyo ne'CT' ('Cardiac Computed Tomography (CT) scan').
• MRI yemoyo.
• Kuongororwa kwe`MUGA` (`Multigated Acquisition Scan`), kunonziwo `Nuclear Stress Test`.

Ndingavandudza here Ejection Fraction yangu?

Ehe, zvechokwadi. Kurapa kwekushaya simba kwemoyo kunorapa chikonzero chikuru chechikamu chidiki chekubuda kweropa. Semuenzaniso, kana chikamu chidiki chekubuda kweropa chiri nekuda kwekushaya kwemoyo kusina kurongeka (arrhythmia), biventricular pacemaker inogona kupa zororo. Kana zvichikonzerwa nezvimwe zvikonzero, zvakaita seBP, mishonga inogona kudiwa.

Zvakare, unogona kuita zvinotevera kuderedza kushushikana pamoyo wako uye kuwana zvakanyanya kubva mukurapwa kwako:

• Kuwedzera kurovedza muviri: Purogiramu yekuvandudza mwoyo inogona kukubatsira kutanga kurovedza muviri zvakachengeteka.
• Kuramba uine huremu hwakanaka.
• Kuderedza munyu (sodium) uye mvura mukudya.
• Kurega tsika dzakaipa dzakadai sekusvuta, zvinodhaka, uye doro.

Ndingaziva sei kana chikamu changu chekubuda kweropa chiri kuvandudzika?

Kana chikamu chako chekubuda ropa chakaderera, uchafanira kuona chiremba wako kakawanda kuti uchitarise. Zvakakosha kuenda kumisangano yese yekurapa, kunyangwe usinganzwe kurwara.

Kana zviratidzo zvako zviri kuvandudzika, zvinogona kuva chiratidzo chekuti chikamu chako chekubuda ropa chiri kuvandudzika. Zvisinei, zviratidzo zvako zvinogona kuwedzera kana kuti zviratidzo zvitsva zvinogona kuoneka. Izvi zvinogona kuratidza kuti chikamu chako chekubuda ropa chiri kuramba chichiwedzera kuipa.

Kana chimwe chinhu chakadai chikaitika, zivisa chiremba wako nekukasika, usingamiriri kuonana nachiremba wako anotevera:

• Kutadza kufema zvakanaka, kunyanya kana wakarara pasi.
• Kunzwa kurova kwemoyo nekukurumidza zvisingawanzoitiki.
• Kushaya chido chekudya kana kurutsa.
• Kuchinja kamwe kamwe kwehuremu (izvi zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekuchengetwa kwemvura).
• Kushaya simba kana dzungu zvinonzwika pasina chikonzero.

Chikamu Chekubuda Kweropa Chinofanira Kuyerwa Kangani?

Vanachiremba vanogona kunetseka nezvechikamu chako chekubuda kweropa mumamiriro ezvinhu anotevera:

• Kana uine zviratidzo zvekushaya simba kwemoyo.
• Kana uine chirwere chemwoyo kana chimwe chirwere chinokanganisa mashandiro emoyo.
• Kana uine chirwere chinowedzera njodzi yako yechirwere chemwoyo.

Kangani kaunofanira kuita bvunzo iyi mushure mekunge waonekwa kuti une chirwere chemwoyo chinoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira kuti chikamu chako chekutanga chekubuda ropa chakaderera zvakadii. Kana chikamu chako chekubuda ropa chikaramba chichiipa, ungangoda kuongororwa kakawanda. Kana chakasimba, ungasafanira kuongororwa kakawanda.

Kubuda kwechikamu cheropa (Ejection Fraction) ndiyo yega nzira yekuongorora mamiriro eHeart Failure here?

Kwete. Chikamu chekubuda kweropa chinongova chimwe chezviyero zvakawanda zvinoshandiswa navanachiremba kuongorora mamiriro emwoyo wako. Mimwe miedzo inodiwa kuti uone chikonzero chaicho chechirwere chako uye kukupa kurapwa kwakakodzera.

Miedzo iyi yekuwedzera inogona kusanganisira:

• Angiography.
• X-ray yechipfuva.
• Echocardiogram.
• Electrocardiogram (`Electrocardiogram - EKG`).
• Kuedza Kushushikana Kwekurovedza muviri.

Pakupedzisira, zvinhu zvekurangarira (Mharidzo Yekuenda Kumba)

Chikamu cheEjection chiratidzo chakakosha chesimba remwoyo. Chinoyera kuti mwoyo unopomba ropa rakawanda sei rine oxygen mumuviri nekurova kwega kwega. Chikamu cheEjection chakaderera chinowanzova chiratidzo chekukundikana kwemoyo. Asi usazvidya moyo. Nekurapwa kwakakodzera uye shanduko dzemararamiro ako, zvinowanzoita kuti chikamu chako cheEjection chidzoke pazvakajairika. Chinhu chakakosha kutevedzera mirairo yachiremba wako uye kuenda kunoongororwa nguva dzose uye kugadzwa. Izvi zvinobatsira zvikuru mukuchengetedza moyo wako uine hutano.

Chikamu Chekubuda Mukati , Kurwara Nemwoyo, Hutano Hwemwoyo, LVEF, RVEF, Zviratidzo zveMwoyo, Kurapwa kweMwoyo