Mwana wenyu anogona kunge ari mudambudziko rehutachiona uhwu (Haemophilus influenzae) here? Ngatizvizivei!

Aa, kutya nekuzvidya mwoyo kwatinonzwa kana vana vedu vadiki vachirwara hazvitsananguriki, handiti? Tese tinotambura nezvinhu zvakaita sefivha, kukosora, nedzihwa. Asi dzimwe nguva vana vedu vanogonawo kuwana hutachiona hwakanyanya kuipa kupfuura zvirwere izvi zvakajairika. Nhasi, tichataura nezvebhakitiriya rinogona kukanganisa vana vari pasi pemakore mashanu, pamwe nevakuru vane masoja ekudzivirira muviri asina simba. Zita rebhakitiriya iri ndi 'Haemophilus influenzae'.

Chii chinonzi 'Haemophilus influenzae'?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, Haemophilus influenzae rudzi rwebhakitiriya. Mabhakitiriya aya anogona kukonzera hutachiona hwakasiyana-siyana. Humwe hwacho hunogona kunge hudiki, sehutachiona hwenzeve. Asi dzimwe nguva, hutachiona uhwu hunogona kukonzera hutachiona hwakakomba, hunotouraya, sekunge chepfu muropa.

Utachiona uhwu hunonyanya kubata vana vari pasi pemakore mashanu . Uyewo, vanhu vane masoja emuviri asina simba (semuenzaniso, vanhu vane zvimwe zvirwere zvisingaperi, zvakaita sevarwere vegomarara) vari panjodzi huru yekubatwa nechirwere ichi kubva kubhakitiriya.

Mamwe mabhakitiriya eH. influenzae ndiwo atinoti mabhakitiriya "anopararira". Kureva kuti, mabhakitiriya anopinda munzvimbo dzemiviri yedu dzisingawanzove nemajemusi. Semuenzaniso, kana mabhakitiriya akapinda mumvura yakakomberedza uropi hwedu nemusana, anogona kukonzera meningitis, kuzvimba kweuropi. Ichi chirwere chine njodzi zvikuru . Marudzi aya ehutachiona hunopararira anowanzoda kugara muchipatara nekurapwa, uye dzimwe nguva anogona kutokonzera rufu.

Chii chinonzi `Haemophilus influenzae` type b (Hib)?

Mabhakitiriya eHaemophilus influenzae anowanzoiswa mumapoka maviri. Rimwe imhando ye "encapsulated", uye rimwe imhando ye "non-encapsulated". "Encapsular" zvinoreva kuti mabhakitiriya ane chifukidziro chekunze chinodzivirira, segoko. Goko iri rinobvumira mabhakitiriya aya kuti asapindwe nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Mabhakitiriya aya akavharirwa akakamurwazve kuita mapoka madiki kubva pa "a" kusvika pa "f".

Chinonyanya kuipa uye chine njodzi iHaemophilus influenzae type b, yatinoti Hib muchidimbu . Utachiona hweHib hunonyanya kubata vana vari pasi pemakore mashanu uye vanhu vane makore anopfuura makumi matanhatu nemashanu ekuberekwa. Hunowanzo kukonzera zvirwere kuvanhu vane masoja emuviri asina simba. Semuenzaniso:

• Vanhu vane `Sickle cell disease`.
• Vanhu vasina chirwatata (asplenia).
• Vanhu vane kushaya simba mumasoja ekudzivirira chirwere kana kuti system yekuwedzera simba remuviri.
• Vanhu vane HIV.
• Vanhu vari kugamuchira chemotherapy, radiation, kana kuisirwa bone marrow nekuda kwegomarara.

Nerombo rakanaka, tinogona kuzvidzivirira kubva kuzvirwere zveHaemophilus influenzae type b nekushandisa mushonga weHib. Tichataura nezvazvo gare gare.

Ko Haemophilus influenzae inokonzera furuwenza here?

Izvi zvinovhiringidza vanhu vazhinji. Kunyangwe zita rekuti `Haemophilus influenzae` rine `influenzae` mairi, bhakitiriya iyi haikonzeri furuwenza . Ichi chirwere chinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwakasiyana. Zvisinei, sezvambotaurwa, bhakitiriya iyi inogona kukonzera zvimwe zvirwere zvakawanda zvakakomba.

Ndezvipi zvirwere zvinogona kukonzerwa ne 'Haemophilus influenzae'?

Heano mamwe ezvirwere zvikuru nehutachiona hunogona kukonzerwa nehutachiona uhu:

• Utachiona Hwenzeve (Otitis Media): Utachiona hwepakati perenzeve, kuseri kwenzeve. Izvi zvinowanzoitika kuvana vadiki.
• Bronchitis: Chirwere chekuti machubhu madiki emhepo (bronchi) mumapapu anobatwa nehutachiona, kuzvimba, uye kugadzira madzihwa akawandisa.
• Zvirwere zveganda nenyama (`Cellulitis`): Mabhakitiriya anopinda muganda nenyama dziri pasi peganda kuburikidza neronda kana kuchekwa.
• Epiglottitis: Utachiona hwe epiglottis, kachivharo kadiki kari kumashure kwehuro kanovhara paipi yemhepo patinomedza. Ichi chirwere chakakomba uye chine njodzi, sezvo chinogona kukonzera kufema kuomerwa.
• Pneumonia: Kutapukira kwemapapu rimwe chete kana ese ari maviri. Muizvi, mapapu anozvimba uye anozadzwa nemate.
• Meningitis: Kutapukira kwemasero emusana (meningitis) akakomberedza uropi nemusana.
• Septicemia: Mabhakitiriya anopinda muropa opararira mumuviri wese. Izvi zvine njodzi zvakare.
• Septic arthritis: Utachiona hwemukati mejoini. Hunowanzoitika kana hutachiona huri kune imwe nzvimbo mumuviri hukapararira huchienda kujoini kuburikidza neropa.

Rangarirai kuti zvimwe zvezvirwere izvi, kunyanya Epiglottitis neMeningitis, zvinogona kukura nekukurumidza. Saka, zvakakosha kutsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba kana wangoona zviratidzo.

Ndiani anonyanya kubatwa neHaemophilus influenzae?

Mushonga weHib chikamu chechirongwa chekubaiwa nhomba nguva dzose munyika medu. Nokudaro, chirwere cheH. influenzae chinonyanya kubata vana vasina kubaiwa nhomba yeHib. Vana vacheche vasati vapedza nhomba vari panjodziwo.

Chirwere cheH. influenzae chinonziwo chakajairika pakati pevana vekuAlaska, kunyangwe vakabayiwa majekiseni. Chinobatawo vanhu vane makore anopfuura makumi matanhatu nemashanu uye avo vane masoja emuviri asina simba .

`Haemophilus influenzae` yakajairika zvakadii?

MuUnited States, kuwanda kwechirwere ichi kwakadzikira zvakanyanya mushure mekuunzwa kwejekiseni reHib kuvana muna 1987 uye kuvacheche muna 1990.Vasati vatanga kushandisa mushonga wekudzivirira chirwere, vana vanosvika zviuru makumi maviri vari pasi pemakore mashanu vairwara nechirwere cheHib chakakomba gore rega rega, uye vanosvika chiuru vakafa. Asi nekushandisa mushonga uyu, chirwere cheHib chakakomba chakaderera neinopfuura 99% kubvira muna 1991. Muna 2019, vana vanosvika zviuru gumi nevashanu pavana 100,000 vari pasi pemakore mashanu vakarwara nechirwere cheHib.

Pari zvino, ruzhinji rwezvirwere zveHaemophilus influenzae mumazera ese zvinokonzerwa neH. influenzae isingawanzoonekwi. Muna 2019, vana 1.62 pavana 100,000 vari pasi pemakore mashanu vakabatwa nechirwere ichi. Pari zvino, chikonzero chikuru chezvirwere izvi muvana ndechevaya vasina kubaiwa majekiseni kana kuti vasina kupedza nhevedzano yakazara yekubaiwa majekiseni . Pakati pevanhu vakuru vane makore 65 zvichikwira, huwandu hwezvirwere zveH. influenzae zvisingaonekwi majekiseni i4.88 pavanhu 100,000.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zve 'Haemophilus influenzae'?

Zviratidzo zveHaemophilus influenzae muvacheche nevana vadiki zvinoenderana nechirwere chavari kurwara nacho. Ngatitarisei zviratidzo zvezvimwe zvezvirwere zvikuru.

Zviratidzo zvehutachiona hwenzeve (`Otitis Media`):

• Kurwadziwa kwenzeve (mwana anogona kubata nzeve yake ochema)
• Kuda kudya
• Kusagadzikana nguva dzose, kuchema
• Kushaya hope
• Kupindwa nechando
• Kubuda kwakaita semvura munzeve
• Kuoma kwekunzwa (mwana mukuru zvishoma achataura kudaro)

Zviratidzo zvebronchitis:

• Kukosora kakawanda, kukosora kwemhino
• Muviri usina upenyu
• Kufemereka
• Kupindwa nechando
• Kuoma kufema

Zviratidzo zveCellulitis:

• Marwadzo panzvimbo ine hutachiona, kurwadziwa kana yabatwa
• Kuzvimba
• Kunzwa kudziya kana uchibatwa
• Kuchinja kweruvara rweganda (kutsvuka, kutsvukuruka)
• Kuputika
• Fivha uye dzihwa
• Basa rakaoma

Zviratidzo zveEpiglottitis (iyi idambudziko!):

• Huro inorwadza zvakanyanya
• Kupindwa nechando
• Ruzha rusina kujairika, rwakaoma panguva yekufema (stridor)
• Kuoma kumedza
• Kudonhedza madonhwe
• Kuoma kwakanyanya kufema (mwana anogona kuedza kufema nekutambanudza mutsipa wake nekukotama mberi)

Zviratidzo zvepneumonia:

• Fivha uye dzihwa
• Kukosora (kungave nemapundu kana kuoma)
• Kuoma kufema, kupfupika kwemweya
• Kudikitira
• Kurwadziwa kwechipfuva
• Musoro
• Kurwadziwa kwetsandanyama
• Basa rakaoma

Zviratidzo zve meningitis (izvi zvakare zvinokonzeresa emergency!):

• Fivha yakanyanya
• Musoro wakakomba
• Mutsipa wakaoma (kusagona kukotama mberi)
• Basa rakaoma
• Kuda kudya
• Kurutsa uye kuda kurutsa
• Kusagadzikana, kushatirwa
• Kuvhiringidzika
• Kubatwa nepfari

Zviratidzo zveSepticemia (izvi zvakare zvinokonzeresa emergency!):

• Fivha uye dzihwa
• Kurwadziwa kwedumbu
• Kurutsa uye kuda kurutsa
• Manyoka
• Kunetseka kana kuvhiringidzika
• Basa rakaoma
• Kuoma kufema, kupfupika kwemweya

Zviratidzo zvehutachiona hwemajoini (`Septic Arthritis`):

• Kupindwa nechando
• Kurwadziwa kwemajoini, kurwadziwa
• Kuzvimba kwemajoini
• Kudziya pakubata
• Kusakwanisa kufambisa joini zvakanaka (kufamba kwenguva shoma)

Chii chinokonzera Haemophilus influenzae?

Tava kuziva kuti `Haemophilus influenzae` rudzi rwebhakitiriya. Kune mhando nhanhatu dzebhakitiriya iyi, kubva pa a kusvika pa f. Mamwe marudzi akarongwa se "asingataurwi". Paaya, rudzi b, kana kuti `Hib`, ndiyo inokonzera 95% yezvirwere zvakakomba, zvinopinda mumuviri.

Mabhakitiriya aya anowanzogara mumhino dzedu nepahuro. Kazhinji, haakonzeri matambudziko ipapo. Zvisinei, kana mabhakitiriya aya achienda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri, anokonzera hutachiona.

Hemophilus influenzae inotapuriranwa here?

Ehe. Kana usina kubaiwa majekiseni uye kudzivirirwa kubva kuhutachiona uhwu, unogona kurwara neHaemophilus influenzae.

Chirwere cheHaemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) chinotapuriranwa sei?

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) inopararira kubva kumunhu kuenda kune mumwe kuburikidza nemadonhwe ekufema anokonzerwa nemunhu ane hutachiona paanokosora kana kuhotsira . Madonhwe aya ane mabhakitiriya, uye mamwe anogona kurwara kana akafema madonhwe aya. Inogonawo kupararira nekubata pedyo kwenguva refu nemunhu ane mabhakitiriya mumhino kana pahuro (kunyangwe asiri kuratidza zviratidzo). Masayendisiti anotenda kuti mabhakitiriya eHib haagone kurarama panzvimbo dzisina upenyu kana munzvimbo dzakatikomberedza.

Ndingaramba ndiri murimi wemhuka kwenguva yakareba sei?

Nyanzvi hadzina chokwadi nezvenguva chaiyo ye "incubation" yeHaemophilus influenzae - nguva inotora kuti zviratidzo zvioneke mushure mekunge mabhakitiriya apinda mumuviri. Zvisinei, vaongorori vanotenda kuti zviratidzo zvinogona kuonekwa mukati memazuva mashoma mushure mekutapukirwa.

Chirwere cheHaemophilus influenzae chinoonekwa sei?

Chiremba wako anowanzo ongorora hutachiona hweH. influenzae nekuongororwa kamwe chete kana kupfuura murabhoritari. Vanogona kutora sampuli yeropa rako, mvura yemusana, mvura yemumajoini, mvura yemudumbu (fluid yakatenderedza mapapu), kana aspirate yemunzeve yepakati .

Bvunzo yekutanga inonzi `Gram staining`. `Gram stain` iyi inoongorora mabhakitiriya ari musampuli uye rudzi rwemabhakitiriya ari kukonzera chirwere. Mushure meizvozvo, chiremba wako anogonawo kuita `culture` yeropa kana mvura yemuviri kuti aone kana mabhakitiriya aripo.

`Haemophilus influenzae` ine gram positive here kana kuti gram negative?

Pasi pe "Gram stain", mabhakitiriya anochinja kubva pane rimwe remavara maviri (pingi kuenda kutsvuku kana pepuru kuenda kubhuruu). Anoiswa muzvikamu zve "Gram-negative" kana "Gram-positive". "Haemophilus influenzae" i "coccobacillus" ine gram-negative (bhakitiriya pfupi, yakaita setsvimbo) . Kana ikatariswa nemaikorosikopu, inoita setsvuku. Mabhakitiriya ane gram-negative ane goko rekunze rakaoma. Izvi zvinoadzivirira uye zvinoita kuti aome kuuraya. Haagoni kurwisa mishonga yakawanda inorwisa mabhakitiriya iripo, uye mabhakitiriya aya anogona kuwana nzira itsva dzekutiza kurwiswa.

Chirwere cheHaemophilus influenzae chinorapwa sei?

Kurapwa kweHaemophilus influenzae kunoenderana nerudzi rwehutachiona kana chirwere chaunacho. Kazhinji , mishonga inorwisa utachiona inopihwa kurwisa hutachiona . Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti mabhakitiriya eH. influenzae anogona kuramba kubatwa nemishonga inorwisa utachiona.

Zvichienderana nekuoma kwechirwere chako, ungangoda kurapwa kwakawedzerwa muchipatara. Kurapa uku kunogona kusanganisira:

• Rubatsiro rwekufema - okisijeni inopihwa kuburikidza nechifukidzo chechiso (`chifukidzo chechiso oxygen`) kana `kupinza chubhu` (kuisa chubhu mupaipi yemhepo woibatanidza nemuchina).
• Kuisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya mutsinga.
• Mishonga yekurapa BP yakaderera.
• Kutarisirwa kwemaronda eganda rakakuvara.
• Kubuda kwemvura kubva muropa pakuvhiyiwa kwezvirwere zvemajoini (`Septic Arthritis`).

Pane mushonga wekudzivirira chirwere che'Haemophilus influenzae' here?

Ehe, iripo! Unogona kupa mwana wako mushonga weHib kuti umudzivirirwe kubva kuhutachiona hweHaemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Sangano reWorld Health Organization (CDC) rinokurudzira kuti vana vese vari pasi pemakore maviri vawane mushonga uyu . MuSri Lanka, unosanganisirwawo muchirongwa chenyika chekubaya.

Chiremba wemwana wako anowanzo kupa mushonga weHib muzvikamu zvitatu kana zvina.

• Mwana wako achapiwa mushonga wekutanga paanenge ava nemwedzi miviri yekuberekwa .
• Mushonga wechipiri unopihwa pamwedzi mina .
• Kana mishonga ikapihwa ina, mushonga wechitatu unopihwa pazera remwedzi mitanhatu .
• Zvadaro, mushonga wekupedzisira (wekuwedzera simba) unopihwa pakati pemwedzi gumi nemiviri kusvika gumi nemishanu yekuberekwa kuti upedzise nhevedzano yekubaiwa majekiseni.

Mushure mekutanga kwekubaiwa majekiseni aya, pakati pe95% ne100% yevana vanowana huwandu hwemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere kubva kuHib .

Mushonga weHib unogona kupihwa semushonga mumwe chete [`PRP-T (ActHIB)`, `PRP-T (Hiberix)` kana `PRP-OMP (Pedvax HIB)`] kana sechikamu chemushonga wekubatanidza [`DTap-IPV-Hib (Pentacel)` kana `DTap-IPV-Hib-Hep B (Vaxelis)`]. Mushonga wekubatanidza musanganiswa wemishonga yakawanda inopihwa panguva imwe chete.

Mushonga weHib unodzivirira hutachiona hunokonzerwa neHaemophilus influenzae type b. Zvisinei, haudziviriri hutachiona hunokonzerwa nedzimwe mhando dzeH. influenzae. Kuti udzivise dzimwe mhando dzeH. influenzae, chengetedza maoko emwana wako akachena uye achengetedze kure nevanhu vanorwara. Dzidzisa mwana wako kugeza maoko ake achiri mudiki.

Chii chinoitika kana mwana wangu akawana Haemophilus influenzae?

Kufanotaura kwechirwere cheH. influenzae kunoenderana nerudzi uye kuoma kwechirwere chemwana wako. Kana chirwere chikaonekwa uye chikarapwa nekukurumidza , chiremba wemwana wako anogona kudzora hutachiona hwacho.

Zvisinei, kunyangwe nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, mamwe hutachiona hweH. influenzae hunogona kukonzera matambudziko kwenguva refu . Semuenzaniso, mwana anogona kurasikirwa negumbo nekuda kwehutachiona hweropa. Vanhu vanosvika 20% vanowana meningitis (kuzvimba kweuropi) vanogona kurasikirwa nekunzwa zvachose kana mamwe matambudziko etsinga. Pakati pe3% ne6% yevana vese vanowana hutachiona hweHib vanofa nechirwere ichi.

Ndosaka tichiti kubaiwa majekiseni kwakakosha zvikuru . Zvakare, kutsvaga mazano echiremba kana wangoona zviratidzo zvinogona kuponesa hupenyu.

Mwana wangu anofanira kuona chiremba rini?

Kana mwana wako akaratidza zviratidzo zvehutachiona hweH. influenzae, unofanira kumuendesa kuna chiremba nekukasika . Kuongororwa nekukurumidza uye kurapwa kwakakosha pahutachiona uhwu.

Pakupedzisira, zvinhu zvekurangarira (Mharidzo Yekuenda Kumba)

Mabhakitiriya anonzi `Haemophilus influenzae` anogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, kubva kuzvirwere zvidiki, zviri nyore kusvika kuzvirwere zvakakomba, zvinouraya. Nzira yakanakisisa yekudzivirira hutachiona uhwu ndeyekubaiwa nhomba . CDC (World Health Organization) inokurudzira kuti mwana wako abaiwe nhomba yerudzi rwe`Haemophilus influenzae` rwakajairika, rudzi b (`Hib`). Inosanganisirwawo muchirongwa chenyika chekubaiwa nhomba muSri Lanka.

Kana mwana wako achiratidza zviratidzo zvehutachiona hwe "H. influenzae", usapedza nguva uye enda kuna chiremba nekukasika . Kana mwana wako akakurumidza kuwana kurapwa, mikana yake yekupora nekurarama inowedzera. Sevabereki, zvakakosha kuti tigare takangwarira hutano hwevana vedu.

Haemophilus influenzae, Hib, hutachiona hwebhakitiriya, zvirwere zvevana, majekiseni, meningitis, pneumonia