Kavindu (ane makore 24) akauya kukiriniki musi iwoyo akashamisika zvikuru uye aida kuziva zvakawanda. Akatarisa kadhi remushonga raiva muruoko rwake, akadzungudza musoro wake, ndokundibvunza mubvunzo usinganzwisisike.
"Chiremba, nezuro husiku ndakarwadziwa zvikuru nezino. Ndakanwa mushonga wekurwadziwa wandakapihwa nachiremba wemazino. Ndakamedza mushonga uyu ndikautumira mudumbu, asi mukati memaminitsi makumi maviri kurwadziwa kwezino kwangu kwakanga kwapera! Saka piritsi diki iri rinoziva sei kuti ndiro rinorwadziwa? Rine imwe nzira yeGPS here?" Kavindu akabvunza nekuvimbika.
Ndakanyemwerera ndikati kuna Kavindu, "Kavindu, hapana GPS mukati mepiritsi. Asi mashandiro aro mumuviri wedu anoshamisa zvechokwadi. Zvakafanana nenhume inofamba-famba muguta. Saka nhasi, ngatikurukurei kuti tingawana sei nzvimbo chaiyo iyo piritsi rinorwadza mushure mekunge rapinda mudumbu uye rikaporeswa."
Chii chinoitika kana mushonga ukapinda mudumbu? (Kunyudzwa)
Piritsi ratinonwa rinotanga raenda mudumbu redu nemuura hudiki. Ipapo, acid nemvura zviri mudumbu zvinotanga kupwanya piritsi kuita zvidimbu zvidiki.
Zvidimbu zvemushonga uyu zvakanyungudutswa zvinonyungudutswa nemadziro eura hudiki zvichipinda muropa redu. Musainzi yezvekurapa, maitiro aya anonzi kunyudzwa .
Kupararira kweropa mumuviri wese
Zvidimbu zvemushonga zvinopinda muropa zvinotanga kufamba nemutsinga dzeropa mumuviri wese nekurova kwemoyo.
Pano, mushonga haungopindi panzvimbo panorwadza chete. Unofamba neropa kuenda kunhengo dzese dzemuviri, kubva kumusoro kusvika kutsoka. Zvakafanana nekudiridza bindu rese nepaipi. Kunyangwe mvura ichipinda mubindu rese, zvirimwa chete ndizvo zvinoidya, handiti? Ndiwo mashandiro anoita mushonga.
Muenzaniso weKiyi neKiyi
Nzira yakanakisisa yekunzwisisa mashandiro anoita mushonga uye kwaunodiwa ndeyekushandisa dzidziso ye "Lock and Key Model" .
Miviri yedu yakaumbwa nemabhiriyoni emasero. Sero rimwe nerimwe rine "makiyi" madiki pamusoro paro akagadzirwa nemapuroteni akasarudzika. Mukurapa, tinoti mareceptor aya.
Zvidimbu zvemakemikari zviri mumapiritsi atinotora zvakafanana ne "makiyi" akagadzirwa zvakananga. Makiyi aya paanofamba nemuropa mumuviri wese, anonamira kusero rine lock chaiyo (receptor) yaanopinda mairi.
- Mashandiro anoita mishonga inonyaradza marwadzo: Kana zino richirwadza, masero ari mumazino anogadzira makemikari anoratidza kurwadziwa. Mushonga unonyaradza marwadzo unofamba nemuropa wovhara ma receptors ari pamasero etsinga anotakura zviratidzo izvozvo zvekurwadziwa kuenda kuuropi. Zvadaro, shoko rekurwadziwa hariendi kuuropi, saka hatinzwi kurwadziwa kwezino.
- Mashandiro anoita mushonga we allergy:Nekuvharira ma receptors anosunga ku histamine yemakemikari inokonzera allergies, zviratidzo zvakaita sekuhotsira nekukwenya zvinobviswa.
Kubata neEnzymes
Pamusoro pemareceptor, kune boka revashandi mumuviri wedu vanokurumidzisa maitiro ese emakemikari. Anonzi maenzyme .
Mimwe mishonga inoshanda nekumisa kushanda kwema enzyme aya kwenguva pfupi. Semuenzaniso, mishonga yakaita sePanadol (Paracetamol) inoshanda nekumisa kushanda kwema enzyme mumuviri ayo anotanga kushanda kana tichirwadziwa nefivha.
Sei tichiwana migumisiro yakaipa?
Nekuti mishonga inofamba mumuviri wese, dzimwe nguva inogona kusungirirwa kumareceptors munzvimbo dzisiri kwatinoda.
Semuenzaniso, mimwe mishonga yekurapa maronda emudumbu inogona kufamba nemuropa yosunga kune zvinopinda muuropi, zvichiita kuti tinzwe hope. Izvi zvinonzi mhedzisiro .
Kurapa Kwazvino Kwakanangwa uye Nanotechnology
Kunyange zvazvo mishonga yekare yaikanganisa muviri wese, mishonga yemazuva ano yafambira mberi zvakanyanya zvekuti mishonga yemazuva ano yava kuita semabhomba anorova chinangwa chawo.
- Nanotechnology: Izvi zvinobvumira mishonga kuti ivharwe muzvikamu zvidiki, zvidiki zvakapetwa mamiriyoni pane bvudzi, uye yozoendeswa zvakananga kumasero ane chirwere (semuenzaniso, masero ekenza).
- Mishonga yeAntibody: Mishonga yakagadzirwa inoziva uye inorwisa zviratidzo zvekenza, ichideredza zvikuru kukuvara kwemasero ane hutano nemigumisiro.
Mushonga kubva muzvisikwa
Mishonga yakawanda yekumadokero yatinoona nhasi yakabva mumiti yechisikigo nefungi.
- Aspirin: Aspirin, mushonga unonyanya kuzivikanwa pasi rose wekuderedza marwadzo uye ropa, wakatanga kuwanikwa kubva pamakwati emuti wemuwillow.
- Penicillin: Mushonga wekutanga wekuuraya utachiona wakawanikwa kubva muchinhu chinonzi Penicillium notatum.
🚨 Nzira dzekudzivirira uye mazano ekurapa
Kunyange hazvo mishonga ichibatsira zvikuru mumuviri, kushandiswa kwayo zvisina kunaka kunogona kuisa upenyu panjodzi.
Nguva yekuona chiremba nekukasika:
- Kana ukaona zviratidzo zvekurwara zvakanyanya (Drug Allergy/Anaphylaxis) zvakaita sekunetseka kufema, kuzvimba kwemiromo nechiso, kana mavanga matsvuku paganda mukati memaawa mashoma mushure mekutora mushonga.
- Kana ukatora mushonga unopfuura wawakarairwa nachiremba wako netsaona (overdose).
- Kana zviratidzo zvemaronda emudumbu kana matambudziko eitsvo zvikaitika nekuda kwekushandisa mishonga inoderedza marwadzo pasina kurairwa nachiremba.
Zvinofanira kuitwa uye Zvisingafaniri kuitwa
| ✔️ Zvinhu zvekuita (Zviito) | ❌ Zvisingafaniri kuitwa |
|---|---|
| Inwa mushonga wako panguva chaiyo sezvakarairwa nachiremba wako kana wemishonga. | Usambofa watora mishonga yawakanyorerwa nachiremba yemumwe munhu nekuti zviratidzo zvake zvakafanana nezvako. |
| Kana uine pamuviri kana kuti uchiyamwisa, udza chiremba wako usati watora chero mushonga. | Usarega kutora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya yawakanyorerwa nachiremba wako, kunyangwe uchinzwa zviri nani. |
| Chengeta mishonga mumba mako munzvimbo yakachengeteka, yakaoma, kure nevana. | Usamboshandisa mishonga yapera nguva. |
❓ Mimwe mibvunzo yaungave nayo (FAQ)
Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti piritsi reparacetamol rishande? ▼
Kazhinji, mushure mekumedza piritsi reparacetamol, zvinotora maminetsi makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu kuti rinyungudike mudumbu ropinda muropa. Rubatsiro rwaro rukuru runowanikwa mukati memaawa 1-2 uye mhedzisiro yacho inogara mumuviri kwemaawa mana kusvika matanhatu.
Sei mimwe mishonga ichinzi inotorwa usati wadya uye mimwe mushure mekudya?▼
Mishonga inotorwa usati wadya (semuenzaniso, mishonga inorwadza mudumbu) inonwiwa zviri nani mudumbu risina chinhu. Mishonga inotorwa mushure mekudya (semuenzaniso, mishonga inoderedza marwadzo nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya) inogona kubatsira kudzivirira maronda mudumbu nekuti chikafu chinodzivirira dumbu.
Zviri nani here kupwanya piritsi kana kuritora sekapusule? ▼
Kwete, hazvifanirwe kuitwa zvachose. Mamwe mapiritsi nemakapisi akagadzirwa kuti anyungudike zvishoma nezvishoma mumuviri (Sustained Release) kana kuti arambe aripo kusvika asvika muura, akadzivirirwa kubva mudumbu. Kuapwanya kunogona kuburitsa mushonga mumuviri panguva imwe chete, zvichikonzera chepfu kana kuita kuti mushonga usashande.
Unofanira kurasa sei mushonga usina kushandiswa? ▼
Mishonga yasara kana yapera haifanirwe kurasirwa muchimbuzi kana kurasirwa mumarara. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuti makemikari abudiswe munzvimbo dzakatikomberedza uye pasi pevhu. Sarudzo yakanakisa ndeyekuenda nawo kuchipatara kana kufemesi iri pedyo kuti araswe.
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