Wakambonzwa nezve HTLV-1 (Human T-lymphotropic Virus type-1) here? Ngatikurukurei nezvazvo!

Pamwe wakambonzwa nezvemavhairasi akaita se 'HIV'. Asi ungangove usina kunzwa zvakawanda nezvehutachiona hwe 'HTLV-1'. Urwu rudzi rwehutachiona hunogona kupinda mumasero emuviri wedu uye kukonzera zvirwere. Asi musazvidya mwoyo, kune vanhu vazhinji izvi hazvizove dambudziko guru. Asi zvakanaka kuziva, handiti? Saka ngationei kuti 'HTLV-1' chii, kuti inokura sei, uye chii chingaitwe nezvazvo.

Chii chinonzi `HTLV-1`? Ngatizvinzwisise zviri nyore!

`HTLV-1` inomirira `Human T-lymphotropic Virus type-1` . Iyi ndeyeboka remavhairasi anonzi `Retrovirus`. Unoyeuka here kuti takataura nezve `HIV` (HIV) virus iri `Retrovirus`? Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zve`Retrovirus` iyi ndechekuti painopinda mumasero edu, ruzivo rwavo rwemajini, kureva `genetic material` yavo, runoiswa mu`DNA` (DNA) yemasero edu. Fungidzira sekunge vhairasi yapinda mukombuta.

Vhairasi ye'HIV' ne'HTLV-1' zvese zvinorwisa 'T cells' dziri muimmune system yedu. Asi mashandiro azvo akasiyana zvikuru. 'HIV' inoparadza 'T cells' uye inoshayisa simba immune system. Asi 'HTLV-1' haiparadze 'T cells' dzakadaro. Kutaura zvazviri, vanhu vazhinji vane 'HTLV-1' havaratidzi zviratidzo. Vanorarama sevanhu vane hutano.

Zvisinei, chikamu chidiki kwazvo chevanhu vane hutachiona chinotanga zvirwere zviviri mushure memakore akawanda, zvichida makore makumi matatu kusvika makumi matanhatu gare gare. Chimwe chirwere chegomarara reropa chinonzi Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATL kana ATLL). Chimwe chirwere chetsinga chinonzi HTLV-1- associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP).

Kune mamwe marudzi e `HTLV` here?

Ehe, kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemavhairasi e'HTLV' anotapukira vanhu. Semuenzaniso, kune 'HTLV-1', 'HTLV-2', 'HTLV-3' uye 'HTLV-4'. Zvese izvi zvinokonzera kutapukira kwehupenyu hwese. Zvisinei, kusvika pari zvino, 'HTLV-1' chete ndiyo inokonzera zvirwere zvakasiyana.

Iyi `HTLV-1` yakajairika zvakadii? Inowanikwa muSri Lanka here?

Utachiona hwe `HTLV` hunowanikwa munzvimbo dzakawanda pasi rose. Nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti vanhu vari pakati pemamiriyoni mashanu nemakumi maviri pasi rose vane `HTLV-1`. Zvisinei, huwandu hwehutachiona hunosiyana zvikuru pakati penyika nenzvimbo.

Semuenzaniso, kuNorth America, vanhu vasingasviki 1% ndivo vane chirwere ichi. Zvisinei, muzvikamu zveJapan, Africa, South America, Australia, Iran, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeCaribbean, vanhu vanopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu vanonzi vane chirwere ichi. Zvakaoma kuwana ruzivo rwakajeka nezvemamiriro ezvinhu muSri Lanka, asi zvakakosha kuziva nezvehutachiona hwakadaro.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zveizvi? Zvinoitika kune wese munhu here?

Sezvambotaurwa kare,Ruzhinji rwevanhu vane hutachiona hweHTLV-1 havaratidzi zviratidzo. Havatombozivi kuti vane hutachiona. Zviratidzo zvinongoonekwa makore mushure mekutapukirwa, kana zvirwere zvataurwa kare, zvakaita seATL kana HAM/TSP, zvikaitika.

Zviratidzo zve `ATL` (Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma) zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Kunzwa kuneta nguva dzese (`Kuneta`)
• Mapundu paganda, zvirwere zvakaita se eczema
• Ma lymph nodes akazvimba - akadai semumutsipa, muhapwa, uye muhudyu
• Kuzvimba
• Kurasikirwa nendangariro, kuvhiringidzika
• Kurwadziwa kwemapfupa

Zviratidzo zve `HAM/TSP` (HTLV-1-associated myopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis) zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Kusasimba kana kuomarara kunowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma mune rimwe kana makumbo ese ari maviri
• Kurwadziwa kwemusana
• Kutadza kuzvidzora weti
• Kunzwa kusanzwa zvakanaka mumakumbo, kunzwa kukwenya (Peripheral neuropathy)

Ndezvipi zvimwe zvirwere zvinogona kukonzerwa ne `HTLV-1`?

Munhu mumwe chete pavanhu makumi maviri (anenge 5%) ane hutachiona hweHTLV-1 anowana zvirwere zvinonzi ATL (kenza) kana HAM/TSP (chirwere chetsinga).

• `ATL` rudzi rwegomarara rinokura muropa . Rinewo marudzi akasiyana-siyana (akadai se`acute`, `lymphoma`, `smoldering`, `chronic`). Kurapwa uye kufanotaura kwegomarara rerudzi rumwe nerumwe kunogona kusiyana zvishoma.
• `HAM/TSP` chirwere chinokanganisa tsinga dzemuviri. Chine zvimwe zvakafanana nechirwere che`Multiple Sclerosis` (`MS`). Chinokonzera kushaya simba kwetsandanyama uye matambudziko anoenderera mberi netsinga dzemuviri.

Kuwedzera kune zvirwere zvikuru izvi zviviri, vaongorori vakaona kuti HTLV-1 inogonawo kukonzera zvimwe zvirwere zvinozvimba uye zvirwere zve autoimmune . Zvisinei, hukama chaihwo huripo pakati pazvo hausati hwajeka. Zvimwe zvezvirwere izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Dermatitis
• Arthritis
• Kuzvimba kwemukati meziso (`Uveitis`)
• Chirwere cheSjögren

Zvirwere zvine chekuita neHTLV-1 zvinokura sei? Sei vanhu vese vasingazvibate?

Kana hutachiona hwe'HTLV-1' hukapinda mumiviri yedu, hunoenda zvakananga kumasero e'CD4' (anozivikanwawo se'helper T-cells') muimmune system yedu. Masero aya e'CD4' akafanana nemapurisa emuviri wedu, rudzi rwesero rinotibatsira kudzivirira kubva kuzvirwere.

Iye zvino, mavhairasi ekare akaita seHTLV-1 anotakura ruzivo rwavo rwemajini mumorekuru inonzi RNA. Paanopinda mumasero edu, vhairasi iyi inoshandura RNA yayo nekuchenjera kuita chimwe chinhu chakafanana neDNA ine ruzivo rwemasero edu. Zvadaro, chidimbu cheDNA (chinonzi provirus) chayakagadzirwa chinozviisa muDNA yemasero edu. Nemamwe mashoko, vhairasi iyi inoisa chidimbu chayo musoftware inodzora masero edu.

Iye zvino masero edu, achifunga kuti chidimbu che'DNA' yehutachiona chikamu chayo, anotanga kugadzira mamwe makopi ehutachiona. Makopi matsva aya ehutachiona hwe'HTLV' anoenda kunotapurira mamwe masero akawanda e'CD4'. Kunyangwe hutachiona huchipararira mumuviri nenzira iyi, kazhinji hahukonzeri zviratidzo.

Zvisinei, mune vamwe vanhu, mushure memakore akawanda, hutachiona uhwu hunoita kuti miviri yavo igadzire `T cells` dzakawanda. Ndipo panoitika chirwere chinonzi `ATL` leukemia. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, hutachiona uhwu hunogona kukanganisa tsinga dzomuviri dzokonzera chirwere chinonzi `HAM/TSP`. Kuti sei izvi zvichingoitika kune vamwe vanhu zvichiri kutsvakurudzwa.

Utachiona uhwu hwe'HTLV-1' hunotapuriranwa sei kubva kumunhu mumwe kuenda kune mumwe?

Kune nzira dzakawanda huru dzinoshandiswa kutapurirana utachiona hwe'HTLV-1'. Zvakakosha kuziva izvi:

• Kuburikidza nebonde: zvepabonde zvisina dziviriro kubva kunhengo yemudumbu, yekumashure kana yekunobuda nemuromo.
• Kubva kuna amai kuenda kumwana kuburikidza nekuyamwisa: Kana amai vane hutachiona vachiyamwisa mwana wavo.
• Nekugovana tsono: Kunyanya pakati pevanhu vanobaya mishonga.
• Kashoma: Kuburikidza nekuwedzerwa ropa kana kuisirwa nhengo. Zvisinei, munyika dzakawanda, ropa nenhengo zvino zvave kuongororwa hutachiona, saka kutapurirana kuburikidza nenzira idzi hakuwanzoitiki.

Ndiani ari panjodzi huru yekubatwa ne `HTLV-1`?

Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinowedzera njodzi yekutapukirwa neHTLV-1:

• Kubaya mishonga nejekiseni pasina chiremba.
• Kuzvarirwa kana kugara munzvimbo ine hutachiona hwe'HTLV' hwakawanda.

Dzimwe nzvimbo dzine huwandu hwakawanda hwehutachiona hweHTLV-1 dzinosanganisira:

• Kumadokero kwakadziva kumadokero kweJapan
• Nyika dzemuAfrica dziri kumaodzanyemba kweSahara Desert (`Sub-Saharan Africa`)
• Dzimwe nzvimbo dzeSouth America
• Zvitsuwa zveCaribbean
• Kuchamhembe kweIran
• Central Australia

Zvakakosha: Kunyangwe munyika imwe chete, huwandu hwevanhu vanobatwa nechirwere ichi hahufanani munzvimbo dzese. Dzimwe nzvimbo diki dzinogona kunge dzine huwandu hwakawanda hwevanhu vanobatwa nechirwere ichi, kunyangwe huwandu hwevanhu vose huri pasi.

Ndezvipi zvinetso zvinogona kuitika nekuda kwehutachiona hweHTLV-1?

Utachiona hwe `HTLV-1` chete hahunetesi masoja emuviri. Zvisinei, kana `ATL` (gomarara) kana `HAM/TSP` (chirwere chetsinga) zvikaitika, masoja emuviri anogona kuneteswa.Izvi zvinogona kukonzera hutachiona husingawanzo kuwanikwa muvanhu vane hutano hwakanaka. Humwe hwehutachiona uhwu hunogona kuisa hupenyu panjodzi.

Ungaziva sei hutachiona hwe'HTLV-1' nemazvo?

Vanachiremba vanoongorora hutachiona hweHTLV-1 nekuongororwa ropa. Kuongororwa uku kunotsvaga ma antibodies (antibodies) akagadzirwa mumuviri kurwisa hutachiona hweHTLV, kana kuvapo kwemajini ehutachiona (RNA).

Zvisinei, iyi haisi bvunzo yenguva dzose yemunhu wese. Chiremba anogona kukutumira bvunzo iyi kana zvinotevera:

• Kana uine chirwere (semuenzaniso, zviratidzo zveATL kana HAM/TSP) chaunofunga kuti chingave chakabatana nehutachiona hweHTLV-1.
• Kana uchigara munzvimbo ine hutachiona hweHTLV uye uri kuronga kuyamwisa.
• Kana uchitarisira kuva mupi weropa kana mupi wenhengo dzemuviri (iyi yava bvunzo inosungirwa kuitwa munzvimbo dzakawanda).

Pane mushonga we `HTLV-1` here? Inogona kurapwa here?

Kutaura chokwadi, hapasati pave nemushonga wehutachiona hwe'HTLV-1'. Kureva kuti, hutachiona hahugone kubviswa zvachose mumuviri. Zvisinei, kune mishonga yezvirwere zve'ATL' ne'HAM/TSP' zvinokonzerwa ne'HTLV-1'.

Izvi zvinoshandiswa pakurapa `ATL` (kenza):

• Mishonga inoshandiswa kune mamwe marudzi e lymphoma, semuenzaniso chemotherapy .
• Mishonga inorwisa mavhairasi, yakaita sezidovudine (Retrovir®) uye interferon alfa. Zvisinei, haasi marudzi ese eATL anopindura mishonga iyi inorwisa mavhairasi.
• Kuisirwa masero emuviri. Izvi hazvigoneki kune wese munhu ane ATL. Asi kana zvikabudirira, zvinogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwemunhu zvakanyanya.

Kune vanhu vane chirwere chepfungwa chinonzi `HAM/TSP`, nzira dzinotevera dzekurapa dzinoshandiswa kudzora zviratidzo uye kupa zororo:

• "Interferon alfa".
• Deredza kuzvimba nekushandisa `Corticosteroids`.
• Interferon beta. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza kuzvimba uye kudzivirira kukuvara kwetsinga.
• Deredza kusimba kwetsandanyama nekushandisa Baclofen (Lioresal ®) kana tizanidine.
• Oxybutynin yekudzivirira kusadzora weti.

Chii chinoitika kana ndiine `HTLV-1`? Ndinofanira kunetseka here?

Ichi ndicho chinhu chakakosha. Havasi vese vane hutachiona hweHTLV-1 vanozobatwa neATL kana HAM/TSP. Kutaura zvazviri, ruzhinji rwevanhu vane hutachiona vanogona kurarama hupenyu hwakajairika vasina kubatwa nezvirwere izvi zvakakomba.

Zvisinei, kana ukava nezvirwere izvi, mamiriro ezvinhu anoenderana nerudzi rwaunarwo. Vanhu vane mhando dzeATL dzinopfungaira kana dzisingaperi vanogona kuva nemigumisiro iri nani pane avo vane mhando dzemamwe marudzi. Kunyange zvazvo HAM/TSP ichiwanzoipa nekufamba kwenguva, unogona kurarama kwemakumi emakore mushure mekuonekwa uine chirwere ichi.

Ndingazvidzivirira sei kubva kuhutachiona uhwu hwe'HTLV-1'? Pane nzira dzekudzivirira here?

Ehe, pane zvatinogona kuita kudzivirira kupararira kwehutachiona hwe'HTLV-1'.

• Kuongororwa ropa nenhengo dzemuviri zvakapihwa kuti hazvina HTLV-1 kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira kupararira kwehutachiona.
• Unogona kuita zvinhu izvi kuderedza njodzi yako pachako:
• Dzivisa kubaya mishonga usina kunyorerwa nachiremba.
• Dzivisa kushandisazve tsono dzakafanana dzejekiseni kana kudzigovana nevamwe.
• Dzivisa bonde risina dziviriro. Shandisa kondomu relatex nguva dzose paunenge uchiita bonde (kunhengo yemukadzi, yekumashure, kana nemuromo).
• Kana wakamboonekwa uine HTLV-1, usayamwisa mwana uye usapa ropa. Kana uine HTLV-1 uye uchida kuyamwisa mwana, tsvaga mazano kubva kuna chiremba ane ruzivo muHTLV-1. Kubudisa mukaka wemuzamu wouomesa nechando, wobva waunyungudutsa, kunogona kuderedza njodzi yekuparadzira hutachiona kumwana wako, asi zvakakosha kutsvaga mazano echiremba usati waita izvozvo.

Zvinorevei kuti `HTLV` yakanaka?

Kuva ne `HTLV` zvinoreva kuti une `HTLV-1` kana rumwe rudzi rwe `HTLV` mumuviri wako. Hazvirevi kuti zvechokwadi uchava ne `ATL` kana `HAM/TSP`. Kana uine `HTLV-1` positive, pane matanho aunogona kutora kudzivirira kuparadzira hutachiona kune vamwe (sekusayamwisa, kudzivisa bonde risina dziviriro).

Iyi `HTLV` ine njodzi yakadii?

Utachiona hwe'HTLV', kana hukatorwa hwega, kazhinji hahuna njodzi uye hahukonzeri zviratidzo. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuziva nezvahwo, sezvo 'HTLV-1' dzimwe nguva inogona kukonzera kenza, zvirwere zvetsinga, kana zvirwere zvekuzvimba.

Ndinofanira kuona chiremba rini?

Kana uine mibvunzo nezvekuongororwa kweHTLV-1, kana kuti uine HTLV-1 uye uchida kuziva matanho aunofanira kutora, iva nechokwadi chekutaura nachiremba. Zvakakosha kuziva izvi kana uchigara munzvimbo ine HTLV-1 yakawanda.

Pakupedzisira, zvinhu zvekurangarira

Zvakanaka, saka tataura zvakawanda nezve `HTLV-1,' handiti? Yeuka, kunyange zvazvo iri hutachiona hunowanikwa pasi rese, hahuwanikwe munzvimbo dzakawanda. Chikamu chidiki chete cheavo vanobatwa nehutachiona chinokura nezvirwere zvakakomba.

Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti, musazvidya mwoyo nezvekuonekwa kuti mune HTLV-1.Vanhu vazhinji vanogona kurarama hupenyu hune hutano vasina zviratidzo. Zvisinei, kuziva nezvehutachiona uhu, kupararira kwahwo, uye nzira yekudzivirira nayo kunogona kubatsira kuzvidzivirira iwe neavo vakakupoteredza.

Kana muine mimwe mibvunzo nezvenyaya iyi, musazeza kubvunza chiremba wemhuri yenyu kana chiremba ane ruzivo nezvenyaya iyi. Rambai muine hutano hwakanaka!

HTLV -1, Retrovirus, ATL, HAM/TSP, Kenza, Chirwere chetsinga, Utachiona hwemavhairasi