Hypercalcemia: Zvinokonzera, Zviratidzo, uye Kurapwa

Tose tinoziva kukosha kwecalcium mumuviri, kunyanya kumapfupa edu. Kubva paudiki, vanaamai vedu vanga vachitiudza kuti "kunwa mukaka kunosimbisa mapfupa." Asi wakambofunga here nezvezvinoitika kana iyi inonzi calcium yakanaka ikawedzera zvakanyanya muropa redu? Ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti hypercalcemia mukurapa. Nhasi, tichataura nezvazvo zviri nyore, nenzira yaunogona kunzwisisa.

Chii chinonzi hypercalcemia?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, hypercalcemia inguva yekuti une calcium yakawanda muropa rako kupfuura yakajairika. Izvi zvinogona kuva kuwedzera kwenguva pfupi, kudiki, kana kuti chirwere chisingaperi, chehupenyu hwese.

Zvino ungangove uchishamisika kuti chii chinoitika kana calcium iri mumapfupa ako ikapinda muropa rako. Kutaura zvazviri, calcium yakawanda iri mumuviri wako iri mumapfupa ako. Asi kuti ushande zvakanaka, unofanirawo kuva necalcium muropa rako.

Heano zvinhu zvinoitwa necalcium muropa kumuviri wedu:

• Kushanda zvakanaka kwetsinga dzemuviri: Izvi zvinobatsira pane zvese zvatinofunga, zvatinonzwa, uye zvatinorayira.
• Kudzikira kwetsandanyama: Calcium muropa inobatsira tsandanyama kufamba, kufamba, uye kuita chero kufamba.
• Ropa rinogwamba: Rinobatsira kumisa kubuda ropa kana paine kukuvara.
• Kushanda zvakanaka kwemoyo: Izvi zvakakosha kuti mwoyo urambe uchirova zvakanaka.

Muviri wedu unodzora huwandu hwecalcium iyi nenzira inoshamisa zvikuru. Mahormone maviri anobatsira mune izvi. Rimwe ihormone inonzi parathyroid, uye rimwe icalcitonin. Vhitamini D ine basa guru pano, nekuti vhitamini D inobatsira muviri kutora calcium kubva muzvikafu zvatinodya.

Zvisinei, nekuda kwezvimwe zvirwere, mishonga, nezvimwe zvinhu, nzira iyi yekudzora inogona kukanganiswa uye huwandu hwecalcium muropa hunogona kuwedzera. Apa ndipo panoitika hypercalcemia.

Kusiyana pakati pe hypercalcemia ne hypocalcemia

Kunyange zvazvo mazwi maviri aya achinzwika zvakafanana, zvaanoreva zvakasiyana zvachose.

• Hyper: Izwi reChirungu rekuti "Hyper" rinoreva "zvakawandisa." Izvi zvinoreva kuti hypercalcemia kuwedzera kwecalcium muropa.
• Hypo: Izwi rekuti "hypo" rinoreva "kuderera." Izvi zvinoreva kuti hypocalcemia ihuwandu hushoma hwecalcium muropa.

Ndiani angangonyanya kuva nechirwere ichi?

Hypercalcemia inogona kuitika chero pazera ripi zvaro, kune chero munhu. Zvisinei, inowanikwa zvakanyanya kuvakadzi vane makore anopfuura makumi mashanu .Dambudziko iri rinowanzoitika, kunyanya mushure mekupedza kuenda kumwedzi. Chikonzero chikuru cheizvi igland reparathyroid rinoshanda zvakanyanya.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pakati pe1% ne2% yevanhu vose vane chirwere ichi. Zvisinei, 90% yeizvi zvinokonzerwa nedambudziko rataurwa kare remagland eparathyroid (primary hyperparathyroidism) kana kenza.

Zvisinei, kana calcium yakawanda muropa ikakwira zvakanyanya, zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko akakomba.

• Kukundikana kweitsvo
• Kurova kwemwoyo kusina kujairika (Arrhythmia)
• Kukanganisika kwepfungwa nepfungwa (Kuvhiringidzika)
• Kupinda mukoma

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zve hypercalcemia?

Nekuti chirwere ichi chinowanzoonekwa nekukurumidza, vanhu vazhinji havaone zviratidzo. Zvisinei, kana calcium yakawanda zvishoma kana kuti chirwere ichi chavepo kwenguva yakareba, zviratidzo zvinotevera zvinogona kuitika.

Sei calcium muropa ichiwanda seizvi?

Kune zvirwere zvinopfuura makumi maviri nezvishanu zvinogona kukonzera hypercalcemia. Mimwe mishonga uye kushaya mvura mumuviri zvinogonawo kukonzera hypercalcemia. Asi sezvatakambotaura, zvikonzero zvikuru zviviri ihyperparathyroidism nekenza.

1. Dambudziko reParathyroid gland (Primary Hyperparathyroidism)

Kune matumbu madiki mana mumutsipa medu, kuseri kwegland re thyroid. Aya anonzi magland e parathyroid. Aya anogadzira parathyroid hormone (PTH). Iyi hormone ndiyo huru inodzora huwandu hwecalcium muropa.

Fungidzira, kana huwandu hwecalcium muropa redu hwadzikira, magland aya anoburitsa hormone inonzi PTH. Hormone iyoyo inoenda yoburitsa calcium kubva mumapfupa ichipinda muropa, yomisa itsvo kuburitsa calcium, uye inobatsira ura kunwa calcium. Nenzira iyi, huwandu hwecalcium hunodzoserwa pahwakajairika.

Zvisinei, kana rimwe kana akawanda emagland aya akashanda zvakanyanya , kunyangwe huwandu hwecalcium muropa hukadzokera pahwakajairika, hormone yePTH haizoregi kuburitswa. Ipapo calcium kubva mumapfupa icharamba ichiwedzerwa muropa, zvichiita kuti huwandu hwecalcium muropa hukwire.

2. Gomarara

Inenge 2% yekenza inobatanidzwa ne hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia yekenza inowanzoitika nekukurumidza uye inogona kuva yakanyanya. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti mamwe masero ekenza anogadzira puroteni (PTHrP) inoshanda sehomoni yePTH kana kuburitsa calcium nekukuvadza mapfupa.

Mhando dzegomarara dzinogona kukonzera chirwere ichi:

• Kenza yemapapu
• Kenza yemazamu
• Multiple myeloma (kenza yemasero machena eropa)
• Kansa yemasero eitsvo
• Kenza yeropa (Leukemia)
• Lymphoma (kenza ye lymphatic system)

3. Mimwe mishonga

Mimwe mishonga nemavhitamini atinotora zvinogona kukonzera izvi.

• Mishonga yeThiazide diuretics (mishonga yekurapa BP yakakwira), yakaita sehydrochlorothiazide .
• Lithium ( mushonga unoshandiswa kurapa zvimwe zvirwere zvepfungwa).
• Kutora vhitamini D yakawandisa, vhitamini A, kana calcium supplements .

4. Zvimwe zvikonzero

Pamusoro peizvi, kune zvimwe zvikonzero zvisingawanzoitiki:

• Zvirwere zvemapapu zvakaita se sarcoidosis ne TB.
• Kukundikana kweitsvo.
• Hyperthyroidism (kuora kwehomoni yethyroid).
• Kusagona kufamba-famba.
• Zvirwere zvemapfupa zvakaita sePaget's disease of the bone.

Ungaziva sei chirwere ichi?

Izvi zvinowanzoonekwa nekuongororwa ropa zviri nyore. Chiremba wako achayera huwandu hwecalcium mumuviri wako panguva yekuongororwa ropa kwe "basic metabolic panel" (BMP) kana kuti "comprehensive metabolic panel" (CMP).

Kuoma kwechirwere ichi kunorongwa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwecalcium muropa.

Kana chiremba wako akaona kuti calcium yakawanda muropa rako, achakubvunza nezvemishonga yako, nhoroondo yezveutano hwemhuri yako, nezvimwe zvinhu. Zvadaro, vacharaira mimwe miedzo mishoma kuti vaone chikonzero chacho.

• Kuongororwa kweropa kunoongorora huwandu hwehomoni yeparathyroid (PTH).
• Kuongororwa ropa kuti uone huwandu hwevhitamini D.
• Kuongororwa kunoyera kuti calcium yakawanda sei inobuda muweti.

Kana paine fungidziro yekuti chikonzero chacho idambudziko reparathyroid glands, ultrasound scan kana CT scan inogona kurairwa kuti ionekwe bundu kana kuzvimba mumaglands.

Ndezvipi zvirongwa zvekurapa hypercalcemia?

Kurapwa kunoenderana nechikonzero chechirwere uye kuoma kwacho.

Kune varwere vakapfava

Kana calcium yako yakakwira zvishoma, chiremba wako anogona kukukurudzira kuti:

• Inwa mvura yakawanda: Izvi zvinobatsira kubvisa calcium yakawandisa muitsvo.
• Kuchinja mishonga yako: Kana uri kutora mishonga yerudzi rwethiazide yeBP yakakwira, unogona kukumbirwa kuti uichinje.
• Rega kutora mishonga yekuwedzera: Kana uri kutora mapiritsi ecalcium, vhitamini D, kana mapiritsi egastritis, rega kuatora kana kuderedza huwandu hwemishonga sezvakarairwa nachiremba wako .

Kana paine dambudziko ne parathyroid gland

Kana chikonzero chiri parathyroid gland inoshanda zvakanyanya, kurapwa kwakanakisa kazhinji kubviswa kwegland kana gland inoshanda zvakanyanya.

Kana chirwere ichi chakakonzerwa nekenza

Panguva ino, mishonga yakakosha inopiwa kudzora huwandu hwecalcium mumuviri panguva yekurapa kenza.

• Bisphosphonates: Izvi zvinoderedza kuburitswa kwecalcium mumapfupa.
• Denosumab: Mushonga uyu unopiwa kuvanhu vasingapindure kana vakapihwa bisphosphonates.

Kune varwere vakakomba

Kana calcium yakawanda zvakanyanya uye paine zviratidzo zvakakomba, murwere anofanira kuendeswa kuchipatara nekukasika kuti arapwe. Izvi zvinosanganisira kupa saline netsinga (IV fluids) kuti akurumidze kubvisa calcium yakawandisa mumuviri.

Ndeipi migumisiro yenguva refu yechirwere ichi?

Kana hypercalcemia ikasaonekwa uye ikasarapwa nekukurumidza, inogona kukonzera matambudziko kwenguva refu.

• Matombo eitsvo .
• Kukundikana kweitsvo nekuda kwekusakwana kwecalcium muitsvo.
• Kukwira kweropa (BP) .
• Osteoporosis uye njodzi yakakura yekutyoka mapfupa.
• Zvipembenene zvemapfupa.
• Kuora mwoyo.

Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anogona kudzivirirwa here?

Hypercalcemia haigone kudzivirirwa kubva kuzvikonzero zvese. Zvisinei, unogona kuderedza njodzi yako kusvika pamwero wakati nekudzivisa kushandisa calcium yakawanda uye mishonga inorwisa acid ine calcium pasina kurairwa nachiremba .

Kana mumwe munhu mumhuri yako aine nhoroondo ye calcium yakawanda muropa, matombo eitsvo, kana chirwere cheparathyroid, taura nachiremba wako nezvazvo.