Une ronda paganda rako risingapore here? Ringava chirwere cheLeishmaniasis here? Ngatikurukurei nezvazvo!

Wakamboona here kuti vamwe vanhu vane maronda paganda ravo anotora nguva yakareba kuti apore, dzimwe nguva achisiya mavanga akashata? Kana kuti fivha inogara kwemazuva, kudzikira uremu, uye dumbu rakazvimba? Izvi zvinogona kuva zviratidzo zvechirwere chatisinganyatsotarisiri, senge mhuka diki yakaita senhunzi. Chimwe chezvirwere zvakadaro iLeishmaniasis. Nhasi, tichataura nezvazvo zvakadzama, zviri nyore.

Chii chinonzi Leishmaniasis?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, Leishmaniasis iboka rezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nechirwere chinonzi Leishmania . Chirwere ichi chidiki zvekuti hachionekwe nemaziso asina kuoneka kunze kwekunge uchishandisa maikorosikopu. Kutaura chokwadi, ndecheboka rezvisikwa zvinonzi protozoa, izvo zvipenyu zvine sero rimwe chete.

Chirwere ichi chinotapuriranwa kwatiri kana rudzi rwenhunzi yemujecha rukaruma. Nhunzi idzi diki kwazvo, dzimwe nguva diki pane umhutu. Chirwere ichi chinogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, kubva pamaronda eganda asina kunaka kusvika kumatambudziko anotyisidzira hupenyu anokanganisa nhengo dzemukati.

Pane nzira mbiri huru dzatinowanzoona izvi:

1. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (`(Cutaneous leishmaniasis)`)

2. Visceral leishmaniasis ( inokanganisa nhengo dzemukati )

Ndiani anonyanya kuwana izvi?

Chirwere cheLeishmaniasis chinowanzoitika kumaruwa, kunyanya munzvimbo dzisina hutsanana hwakakwana . Vanhu vane masoja emuviri asina simba , vakaita seavo vane HIV kana avo vane mamwe masoja emuviri asina simba, vane mukana wekuwana chirwere ichi kana vakabatwa nechirwere cheLeishmania.

Chirwere cheLeishmaniasis chakajairika zvakadii? Chinowanikwa here muSri Lanka?

Pasi rose, vamwe vanhu vane chirwere cheLeishmania havaratidzi zviratidzo. Saka zvakaoma kutaura kuti chakajairika sei. Zvisinei, nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti vanhu vari pakati pe1.5 ne2 miriyoni pasi rose vanotambura nechirwere ichi vane zviratidzo gore rega rega .

Ehe, zvinosuwisa kuti Leishmaniasis inowanikwawo muSri Lanka. Kunyanya chirwere cheganda (`(Cutaneous leishmaniasis)`) chakaonekwa munzvimbo dzakaoma dzenyika yedu, semuenzaniso munzvimbo dzakadai seAnuradhapura, Polonnaruwa, Hambantota, neMatara. Saka, zvakakosha kuziva izvi.

Ndekupi kwakajairika izvi pasi rose?

Chipembenene cheLeishmania chinowanikwa munyika dzinopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe pasi rose. Mhando dzakasiyana dzeLeishmania dzinogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi rose. Nyanzvi dzinochipatsanura kuita mhando mbiri, "Old World leishmaniasis" uye "New World leishmaniasis," zvichienderana nekuti chinowanikwa kupi.

• Old World leishmaniasis (`(Old World leishmaniasis)`) muEastern Hemisphere, kureva:
• Dzimwe nzvimbo dzeAsia
• MuAfrica, kunyanya nyika dzinopisa nedzekuchamhembe kweAfrica
• Kumaodzanyemba kweEurope
• Middle East
• New World leishmaniasis (`(New World leishmaniasis)`) muWestern Hemisphere, kureva:
• Central America
• South America
• Dzimwe nzvimbo dzeMexico

Kunyange zvazvo zvisingawanzoitiki muUnited States, nyaya dze cutaneous leishmaniasis dzakataurwa kubva kunyika dzakadai seTexas neOklahoma.

Ndeapi marudzi makuru eLeishmaniasis?

Leishmaniasis inogona kukamurwa kuita mhando nhatu huru: ganda, mucosal, uye visceral.

Leishmaniasis yeganda (CL)

Utachiona uhwu hunoitika paganda apo nhunzi yemujecha yakaruma . Hunotanga sebundu diki uye hunozoshanduka kuita chironda chikuru. Maronda aya anotora nguva yakareba kuti apore, uye dzimwe nguva haapore ega. Zviratidzo zvinogona kutanga mukati memavhiki mashoma kusvika kumwedzi mishoma mushure mekurumwa nenhunzi yemujecha.

Kashoma, vamwe vanhu vanogona kuita mapundu aya kana maronda munzvimbo dzakawanda dzeganda. Izvi zvinonzi `(diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis)`. Izvi zvinogona kudzoka kunyangwe mushure mekurapwa.

Mucosal/Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis (ML)

Izvi zvinowanzoitika sedambudziko reganda rinonzi leishmaniasis . Rinokanganisa mucous membranes mukati memhino, muromo, kana pahuro. Dambudziko iri hariwanzopera roga uye rinowanzo uraya kana rikasarapwa . Rinogonawo kukonzera kuremadzwa kwechiso.

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) / Kala-azar

Ichi ndicho chirwere chakanyanya kuipa . Chinokonzerwa nerudzi rweLeishmania. Chinokanganisa nhengo dzemukati, kunyanya chiropa nechiropa . Zviratidzo zvinogona kutora chero mwedzi mishoma kusvika pagore kana kupfuura kuti zvionekwe mushure mekunge warumwa nenhunzi ine utachiona. Chirwere ichi (VL) chinogona kukura nekukurumidza uye chinowanzo uraya kana chikasarapwa .

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvechirwere ichi?

Zviratidzo zve leishmaniasis zvinosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwechirwere chaunacho. Mhando dzinobata ganda nemukati memucosa dzinokonzera maronda makuru, anopora zvishoma nezvishoma. Mhando dzinobata nhengo dzemukati dzinokonzera zviratidzo zvakaita sefivha, kudzikira kwehuremu, uye kuzvimba mudumbu.

Zviratidzo zveLeishmaniasis yeCutaneous

Chipundu chinoumbwa paganda apo nhunzi yesandfly inenge yaruma. Chinogona kunge chine chikwekwe/goko pamusoro. Nekufamba kwenguva, izvi zvinogona kuzova chironda,Pane mupendero wakaoma wakakomberedza, uye pakati pakanyura (sekunge gomo rinoputika).

Zviratidzo zveMucosal Leishmaniasis

Maronda ari mumhino, muromo, kana pahuro. Maronda aya anowanzo tanga kana kuperekedzwa nerimwe kana akawanda maronda eganda.

Zviratidzo zveVisceral Leishmaniasis

Zviratidzo izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Fivha: Izvi zvinogona kutanga kamwe kamwe uye zvinogona kuuya zvopera kwemavhiki.
• Kunzwa kutonhorwa uye kudikitira.
• Manodhi elymph akazvimba.
• Kuzvimba kwedumbu nekuda kwekukurisa kwepleen.
• Kuderedza huremu.
• Kuneta zvakanyanya, kuneta.
• Kushaya simba.
• Kusviba kana kuchinja ruvara rweganda.

Chii chinokonzera Leishmaniasis? Inotapuriranwa sei?

Leishmaniasis inokonzerwa nezvipembenene zvinonzi Leishmania. Zvipembenene izvi zvinogara muvanhu pamwe chete nemhuka dzakadai sembwa, katsi, maopossum, makonzo, nemakava.

Inotapuriranwa zvakanyanya kuburikidza nekurumwa nerudzi rwenhunzi inonzi phlebotomine sand fly . Kana nhunzi iyi ikaruma munhu kana mhuka ine utachiona, yobva yaruma mumwe munhu, inopinza tupukanana tweLeishmania mumuviri wemumwe munhu.

Kunze kweizvi, dzimwe nzira dzaungatapukirwa nadzo neLeishmania, iyo isingawanzoitiki, ndeiyi:

• Nekugovana tsono.
• Kuburikidza nekuwedzerwa ropa.
• Kubva kuna amai vane pamuviri kusvika kumwana ari mudumbu.

Zvakakosha: Haugone kuwana leishmaniasis zvakananga kubva kumbwa kana chero imwe mhuka. Zvisinei, pane humbowo hunoratidza kuti imbwa dzinogona kuipfuudza kune dzimwe imbwa. Sezvo imbwa dzichigonawo kuipfuudza kuvanhu kuburikidza nesandflies, zvakakosha kudzivirira imbwa kuti dzisabatwe nayo.

Ungaziva sei kana uine chirwere cheLeishmaniasis?

Chiremba anoongorora chirwere ichi nekutora masampuli enyama mumuviri wako uye oedza kuti aone kana paine tupukanana tweLeishmania. Masampuli aya anogona kutorwa kubva pamaronda, spleen, lymph nodes, kana bone morrow. Munyika dzine leishmaniasis yakawanda, vanachiremba vanowanzoongorora chirwere ichi nekuteerera zviratidzo kana kuongorora ganda.

Miedzo ipi inoitiswa?

• Kuongororwa kwetsono: Chiremba anoshandisa tsono kutora sampuli yenyama kubva muspleen yako, lymph node, kana bone marrow. Nyanzvi yekurabhoritari inoitarisa pasi pemaikorosikopu kuti ione kana Leishmania iripo. Iyi ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekuongorora visceral leishmaniasis.
• Kuongororwa kweganda: Chiremba anotora sampuli yenyama kubva pachironda chiri paganda rako, mhino, kana muromo. Inoongororwa kuti haina Leishmania. Izvi zvinobatsira kuona leishmaniasis yeganda kana mucous.
• Kuongororwa kweropa (Serology) : Dzimwe nguva chiremba anogona kutarisa ropa rako kuti aone kana paine zviratidzo zvehutachiona hweLeishmania. Zvisinei, kuongororwa kweropa hakuwanzo kubatsira pakuona hutachiona huripo. Nekuti vamwe vanhu vanogona kuva nahwo vasina zviratidzo, kuongororwa kweropa kunogona kuratidza kuti une hutachiona kunyangwe iwe usina hutachiona parizvino.

Ndezvipi zvinorapwa izvi?

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemishonga yekurapa chirwere cheLeishmaniasis. Mishonga yaunonyorerwa nachiremba inoenderana nerudzi rwechirwere cheLeishmaniasis chaunacho. Mishonga iyi inogona kuuya nenzira dzakasiyana:

• Kumedza mapiritsi.
• Mafuta ekuzora kana mafuta anonyaradza ganda.
• Mvura inopihwa nachiremba kuburikidza nechubhu yesaline (IV catheter) inopinzwa mutsinga.

Kana uine chirwere cheganda chinonzi leishmaniasis, chiremba wako anogona kushandisa mushonga wekupisa (thermotherapy), mushonga wechando (cryotherapy), kana mushonga welaser zvakananga pamaronda. Izvi zvinogona kuuraya utachiona uye kubatsira maronda kupora.

Mishonga yeLeishmaniasis:

• Amphotericin
• Miltefosine
• Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya yePentavalent, semuenzaniso sodium stibogluconate
• Paromomycin

Dzimwe nguva dzimwe nzira dzekurapa dzinoitwa paganda dzinonzi leishmaniasis. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• Kurapa neThermotherapy : Chiremba anoisa kupisa paronda nenzvimbo yakapoteredza.
• Kurapa nekucheneswa kweropa : Chiremba anotonhodza ronda nenzvimbo yakapoteredza kwemasekondi angangoita gumi kusvika makumi matatu.
• Kurapa neLaser : Chiremba anoshandisa mudziyo unobatwa nemaoko kutungamira mwenje weLaser paronda nenzvimbo yakapoteredza.

Nzira yekudzivirira sei Leishmaniasis?

Nzira yakanakisisa yekudzivirira marudzi ese eLeishmaniasis ndeyekudzivirira kurumwa nesandfly , kunyanya munzvimbo dzine Leishmania yakawanda. Heano mamwe maitiro ekudzivirira kurumwa nesandfly:

• Pfeka mbatya dzinofukidza muviri wako zvakanaka: mabhurugwa marefu, hembe dzine maoko marefu, masokisi, nezvimwewo.
• Shandisa mushonga unodzinga zvipembenene unotenderwa neEPA. Mishonga inoshanda zvikuru inodzinga zvipembenene inowanzova neDEET.
• Pfafadzai mushonga wezvipembenene kuti muuraye nhunzi dzemujecha dziri mudzimba, dzakadai semakamuri ekurara nemakamuri ekutandarira.
• Rara muimba ine mahwindo akavharwa kana kuti ine mahwindo ane sikirini.
• Rara pasi pemambure emubhedha weumhutu. Mamwe mambure anorapwa kare nemushonga unouraya zvipembenene kuti udzivirirwe zvakanyanya. Nhunzi dzemujecha diki zvikuru pane umhutu. Saka maburi ari mumambure anofanira kunge ari madiki kwazvo kudzivirira nhunzi kuti dzisapinde.

Chii chinoitika kana ukabatwa neLeishmaniasis? Inogona kurapwa here?

Kana ukabatwa nechirwere ichi, fungidziro yako inoenderana nerudzi rwaunarwo uye hutano hwemasoja emuviri wako. Rudzi runokanganisa nhengo dzemukati (VL) nerudzi runokanganisa mucous membranes (ML) dzinofanira kurapwa nekukurumidza. Zvose zviri zviviri zvinowanzouraya kana zvikasarapwa.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis inogona kupera yega kana nekurapwa. Zvisinei, zvinogona kutora mwedzi kuti ipone zvizere, uye mavanga asingaperi anogona kuitika.

Ungangoda kuramba uchitora mushonga kwemavhiki kana mwedzi kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti hutachiona hwapera zvachose. Bvunza chiremba wako nezvekurapwa uye nguva yekupora.

Leishmaniasis inowanzo rapa kana chiremba akaongorora chirwere ichi nekukurumidza uye akachirapa nemishonga. Nekurapwa nekukurumidza, mwero wekurapwa kwe visceral leishmaniasis unodarika 90%, uye kune mucosal leishmaniasis, unodarika 75%. Vamwe vanhu vanogona kurwara zvakare mwedzi mishomanana mushure mekunge vapora uye vasisina hutachiona (izvi zvinonzi kudzokera shure).

Visceral uye mucosal leishmaniasis zvakaoma kurapa kana zvikasarapwa. Zvinonetsawo kurapa kune vanhu vane masoja emuviri asina simba.

Ndezvipi zvinetso zvechirwere ichi?

Matambudziko e leishmaniasis anogona kuva akakomba kana kutyisidzira hupenyu, kunyanya muzvikamu zvemukati nemukati. Anosanganisira:

• Utachiona hwemabhakitiriya: Izvi zvinonziwo hutachiona hwechipiri. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti maronda awedzere kuipa. Utachiona hunogona kufamba hwakadzika mumuviri uye kukonzera zvirwere zvakakomba.
• Mavanga: Leishmaniasis yeganda uye yemucosal inogona kukonzera kukuvara kusingaperi uye mavanga akakomba paganda, muromo, nemhino.
• Kudzokera shure: Vamwe vanhu vane zviratidzo zvinopera kana varapwa vozodzoka. Maronda eganda anodzoka anonzi ``leishmaniasis recidivans.'' Kana izvi zvikaitika, panogona kudiwa imwe mishonga.
• Kuboorwa kana kuputsika kweSeptal:Mucosal leishmaniasis inogona kukonzera buri pakati pemitsetse miviri yemhino (rusvingo ruri pakati pemhino - ``(septum)``). Maumbirwo emhino anogona kudonha. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuremara, hutachiona, uye matambudziko ekufema.
• Manyoka kana zvirwere zvemudumbu (GI (gastrointestinal infections): Mucosal uye visceral leishmaniasis zvinogona kukonzera hutachiona mune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Mamwe matambudziko e visceral leishmaniasis:

• Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL): PKDL chirwere chinokonzera mapundu makuru pachiso kana kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri. Chinogona kuitika panguva kana mushure me visceral leishmaniasis. Chinogona kugara kwenguva refu uye chinogona kukonzera mavanga akanyanya.
• Kubuda ropa zvakanyanya: Kubuda ropa rakawanda kunogona kuuraya.
• Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: Ichi chirwere chinouraya nhengo dzemuviri, chinouraya hupenyu.
• Sepsis: Sepsis inzira inouraya muviri kana wabatwa nehutachiona hwakakomba.

Ndinofanira kuzvitarisira sei?

Bvunza chiremba wako kuti ungazvichengeta sei kusvika wapora. Kana uine chirwere cheganda chinonzi leishmaniasis, chiremba wako achakuudza kuti ungachenesa sei uye ungachengeta sei maronda kusvika apora. Nemhando dzese dze leishmaniasis, chenjerera zviratidzo zvinodzoka kunyangwe mushure mekunge wafunga kuti wapora.

Ndinofanira kuona chiremba rini?

Ona chiremba wako muzviitiko izvi:

• Kana uchigara munzvimbo ine Leishmania yakawanda kana kuti wakambofamba uye uine zviratidzo.
• Kana ronda riri paganda rako richitora nguva yakareba kuti ripore.
• Kana masoja emuviri wako asina simba kana kuti uine zviratidzo zvehutachiona, enda kuna chiremba.

Kana usina zviratidzo mushure mekurumwa nesand nhunzi, haufanirwe kuona chiremba. Hadzisi dzese sand nhunzi dzinoparadzira chirwere. Dzimwe nguva miviri yedu inogona kurwisa hutachiona hweLeishmania pasina kukonzera chirwere. Kunze kwekunge masoja emuviri wako asina simba kana kuti watove kurwara, vanachiremba kazhinji havakurapi.

Unofanira kuenda kuEmergency Treatment Unit (ETU) riini?

Kana uine zviratidzo izvi zvakakomba, enda kuchipatara chiri pedyo newe:

• Kana uine fivha yakanyanya (inopfuura 103 Fahrenheit / 40 Celsius) haidziki.
• Kutadza kufema zvakanaka.
• Kuzvimba kwedumbu kunoonekwa zvakanyanya.
• Kutsvuka kweganda kana maziso (jaundice).
• Ruvara rwebhuruu rweganda, miromo, kana nzara (cyanosis, chiratidzo chekushomeka kweokisijeni muropa).

Mibvunzo ipi yandinofanira kubvunza chiremba?

Zvingabatsira kubvunza chiremba wako mibvunzo iyi:

• Ndedzipi nzira dzekurapa dzandinadzo?
• Ndinofanira kurapa sei maronda angu?
• Ndichapora riini/maronda angu achapora here?
• Kurwara kwangu kwakakomba zvakadini?
• Ndinofanira kutora mushonga wangu sei?
• Ndinofanira kuenda kuchipatara riini?
• Ndinofanira kukuonai zvakare rini?

Rangarira sechidimbu

Leishmaniasis chirwere chinopararira chinogona kukonzera zvirwere zvinorwadza uye zvinoisa hupenyu pangozi. Kana uchigara kana kuti uri kuenda kunzvimbo inowanzoonekwa Leishmania, tora matanho ekuzvidzivirira. Kana uine zviratidzo zveLeishmaniasis, kana kuti une ronda risingapori kana kuti rinowedzera kuipa, iva nechokwadi chekutsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba. Vanhu vazhinji vanorapwa zvisati zvanyanya kuipa vanogona kupora zvizere. Saka, zvakakosha kuziva zviratidzo izvi uye kutsvaga kurapwa nekukurumidza.

leishmaniasis , kala-azar, sandfly, chironda cheganda, tupukanana