Unodawo kuziva chaizvo kuti Mast Cells chii? Ngatitaurei nezvazvo zviri nyore!

Ungave usati wambonzwa nezvezita rekuti 'Mast Cells', handiti? Asi aya ndiwo marudzi akakosha emasero anodzivirira miviri yedu. Sevarindi vadiki vari mukati memiviri yedu. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva varindi ava pavanonyanya kufara, tinopinda mumatambudziko. Nhasi, ngatitaurei zvakadzama, zviri nyore, nezvemasero aya emasero, mashandiro awo mumiviri yedu, uye mamiriro ezvinhu aanogona kukonzera.

Chii chinonzi Mast Cells?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, masero emuviri (mast cells) masoja akakosha muimmune system yedu. Anogadzirwa mumongo wedu wemapfupa . Anobva afamba nemuropa redu ogara mumatishu akasiyana-siyana mumuviri wese. Kufanana nevarindi vari munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenyika, aya masero emuviri ari munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemuviri wedu, akagadzirira kutidzivirira kubva kunjodzi dzekunze. Anogona kurwisa hutachiona hwakasiyana-siyana uye kubatsira kudzora mashandiro enhengo dzemuviri wedu.

Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva mast cells aya anova ekudzivirira zvakanyanya uye otanga kuita zvinhu zvisingatikuvadzi. Kana uine allergies dzemwaka kana allergy asthma, chimwe chikonzero cheizvi imhaka yekushanda kwe mast cell. Mune zvimwe zviitiko zvakakomba, mast cell activation inogona kutokonzera allergic reaction yakakomba inonzi anaphylaxis . Saka zvakakosha kuziva izvi.

Masero emuviri anoita sei kumiviri yedu?

Masero emuviri anoshanda senzira yekudzivirira hutachiona mumuviri wedu. Anodzivirira miviri yedu kubva kune zvinokuvadza zvekunze, zvakaita semavhairasi, mabhakitiriya nezvipembenene , pamwe chete nehupfu hwakadai sehupfu hwenyoka nehupfu hwenyuchi. Anorwisawo chero chinhu chaanofunga kuti chinokuvadza, kunyangwe chisina kunaka. Ndipo patinosangana neallergy .

Kusiyana nedzimwe mhando dzakawanda dzemasero machena eropa, masero emhando yepamusoro haaparadze utachiona zvakananga. Asi, anogara akarinda mukati menyama dzedu, achimirira chiratidzo chekuti chimwe chinhu chinokuvadza chapinda mumuviri.

Masero emasero anoshanda sei?

Fungidzira kuti chimwe chinhu chausingade, semuenzaniso, guruva, mukume, kana chikafu chausingade, chinopinda mumuviri wako. Imwe mhando yemasero akakosha muimmune system yedu, inonzi B cells, inoziva chinhu ichi chinorwisa. Kana yangozviziva, inotanga kugadzira mapuroteni akakosha, anonzi ma antibodies, ekurwisa. Ma antibodies chaiwo anogadzirwa panguva ino anonzi Immunoglobulin E (IgE).Kutaura.

Ma antibodies aya eIgE anokurumidza kufamba achienda uye anobata kune mamwe ma receptors ari pamusoro pemasero emuti, sechikafu chekatsi. Nguva inotevera kana chinhu chimwe chete ichi chikapinda mumuviri zvakare, IgE iri pamasero emuti ichaibata.

Ndipo panotanga "kushanda" mast cells. Zvinoita sekuti alarm yemoto iri kurira.

Kana mast cells achishanda nenzira iyi, anongoerekana aburitsa kemikari inonzi histamine nemamwe makemikari akawanda akachengetwa mumasagi madiki (magranules ekuchengetera) mukati memasero iwayo. Izvi zvinonzi degranulation .

Ndiwo ma histamine aya nemamwe makemikari anokonzera zviratidzo zvekurwara. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Mitsipa yedu yeropa inokura, uye mvura inoungana mumatishu akaipoteredza, zvichikonzera kuzvimba . Izvi zvinobvumira masero emuviri kuti akurumidze kusvika panzvimbo ine hutachiona, achitakura zvinopinda mumasero eropa kuenda kuma lymph nodes kuti azviparadze.
• Kugadzirwa kwematehwe emudumbu (phlegm) kunowedzera.
• Tsandanyama dzakapfava dziri mudumbu redu rekufema uye mudumbu (matumbu) dzinogumira uye dzinoedza kusundira zvinhu zvinokuvadza kunze nekufamba kwakaita semafungu (peristalsis).

Zvinhu izvi zvinogona kukonzera ganda rako kuti ritsvuke, rizvimbe, uye rikwenye. Ungave nemhino inoyerera, kuhotsira, kana kukosora. Dzimwe nguva ungatove nenyoka kana kurutsa. Muzviitiko zvakakomba, izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuti nzira dzekufema dzizvimbe, zvichiita kuti zviome kufema, uye kukonzera kudzikira kweropa, izvo zvinogona kutokonzera anaphylaxis yakanyanya, chirwere chinotyisidzira hupenyu.

Masero eMast uye homeostasis

Kuwedzera pakukonzera allergies, mast cells anobatsira kudzikamisa maitiro akasiyana-siyana mumuviri wedu, ndiko kuti, kuchengetedza mamiriro e 'homeostasis' . Heano mimwe mienzaniso mishoma:

• Kukura kwetsinga dzeropa.
• Kukura kwemapfupa.
• Kukura nekugadzirisa masero ekufema.

Masero emuviri wedu ari kupi?

Zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe mhando dzemasero machena eropa, masero emhando ye mast masero mashoma muropa redu. Kazhinji, tinosangana nechimwe chinhu chinokuvadza nekuchifema, kuchidya, kana kuburikidza neronda reganda. Ndosaka masero emhando ye mast anowanzo kuwanikwa mu:

• Munzira dzedu dzekufema nemapapu .
• Sisitimu yedu yekugaya chikafu (GI tract) (dumbu, ura).

Pamusoro pezvo, masero aya emudumbu anowanikwawo akakomberedza mitsipa yeropa netsinga dzedu.

Ndezvipi zvikamu zvemast cell?

Kana ukatora sero remast, rine nucleus pakati, inova "uropi" hwesero. Yakatenderedza nucleus iyi ine mazana ezvimiro zvidiki zvakaita sesaki zvinonzi granules .Mukati memagranules aya ndimo munochengetwa makemikari akasiyana-siyana (vamiririri) . Aya makemikari ndiwo anotumira zviratidzo kumuviri kuti upindure kana chimwe chinhu chinokuvadza chikasangana nawo. Mamwe emakemikari makuru pakati peaya ndeaya:

• Histamine: Takambotaura nezvazvo kare. Inotambanudza mitsipa yeropa, ichibvumira mvura nemasero emuviri kuti apinde munyama. Inovharawo nzira dzekufema nedzemudumbu, ichiburitsa madzihwa kuti abatsire kudzinga utachiona.
• Mapuroteni: (Mienzaniso: tryptase, chymase, carboxypeptidase A). Mapuroteni imhando yeenzyme inoputsa mapuroteni. Anobatsira kuputsa tishu dzinobatanidza, izvo zvinoita kuti masero emuviri akwanise kusvika munzvimbo yacho zviri nyore.
• MaCytokines/chemokines: Aya mapuroteni madiki anokurudzira mamwe masero emuviri kuti azvigadzire mamwe makopi awo, kuita kuti mitsipa yeropa "inamire" kuitira kuti masero emuviri akwanise kutakurwa kuenda kumatishu, uye kuunganidza masero kuti achenese nekugadzirisa nzvimbo dzakakuvara.
• Heparin: Izvi zvinodzivirira ropa kuti risagwambe, saka zvinobatsira kuchengetedza mitsipa yeropa yakavhurika.

Mast cell receptors

Masero emuviri ane mareceptor akasiyana-siyana pamusoro pawo. Aya mapuroteni akaumbwa zvakasiyana. Sekiyi inokwana pakiyi, mareceptor aya anoshanda pamwe chete nemamwe mapuroteni ekutumira mameseji kuti ashande mumasero emuviri.

Pazvinhu izvi, IgE receptor, yatakambokurukura nezvayo, ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa. Pamusoro pezvo, mast cells anewo mareceptor emamwe marudzi eantibodies (semuenzaniso, Immunoglobulin G / IgG) uye ekuziva zvakananga hutachiona (semuenzaniso, maToll-like receptors).

Ndezvipi zvirwere zvinonyanya kusanganisirwa nemasero emasero?

Zvimwe zvezvirwere zvakajairika zvatinoona zvine chekuita nemasero emasero ndeizvi:

• Kurwara kwezvakatipoteredza (semuenzaniso, guruva, mukume, dander yezvipfuyo)
• Asima
• Kurwara nechikafu
• Mapundu/ Mapundu ekupisa

Zvirwere zvisingawanzoitiki zvemaseru emuviri

Pamusoro pezvo, kune zvimwe zvirwere zvisingawanzoitiki zvinobatanidzwa nemasero emasero:

• Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS): Ichi chirwere umo, pasina chikonzero chakajeka, zviratidzo zvekusawirirana kana anaphylaxis zvinoitika kakawanda.
• Dzimwe nguva kune kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwehuwandu hwemasero emuviri (Mastocytosis).
• Kutapukirwa kwealpha-tryptasemia / hypertryptasemia yemhuri:Ichi chirwere chemajini chinoitika kana muviri uine enzyme inonzi tryptase, inogadzirwa nemasero emuviri. Zvisinei, vanhu vazhinji vane chirwere ichi havaratidzi zviratidzo.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa zvechirwere chemasero emast?

Histamine inoburitswa muchirwere chemasero emuviri inogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvakaita seizvi:

• Kuchinja ruvara rweganda, kutsvuka, kana kuvaviwa.
• Kuzvimba (edema) .
• Kutadza kufema zvakanaka.
• Kudzokororwa kwe anaphylaxis .

Ndezvipi zviedzo zvinoitwa kuti zviongororwe zvirwere izvi?

Kana chiremba akafungidzira kuti une chirwere chemasero emuviri (mast cell disorder), vanogona kuita bvunzo dzakadai kuti vaone kana masero ako emuviri (mast cells) ari kushanda:

• Kuongororwa kweweti.
• Kuongororwa kweropa.
• Kuongororwa kwemapfupa.
• Kuongororwa kweganda.

Chiremba anogona kuita bvunzo dzeganda dzinokonzera allergy kana bvunzo dzeropa kuti aone zvinokonzera chirwere ichi. Dzimwe nguva rabhoritari inogonawo kuita bvunzo dzemajini kuti ione kana zviratidzo zvako zvichikonzerwa nechirwere chenhaka.

Ndezvipi zvinorapwa izvi?

Kurapwa kwechirwere chemasero emuviri kunoenderana nezviratidzo zvako uye chiri kuzvikonzera. Kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira:

• Kudzivirira zvinhu zvinozivikanwa zvinokonzera allergy .
• Mishonga yekudzora zviratidzo. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira antihistamines , zvinoderedza acid, uye mishonga inochinja leukotriene (semuenzaniso, montelukast).
• Mishonga iyi inodzivirira kuburitswa kwemakemikari akadai sehistamine kubva mumasero emuviri.
• Mishonga yekuderedza kana kurapa anaphylaxis. Iyi inosanganisira mishonga yakaita se epinephrine uye omalizumab .
• Kurapa nemakemikari emuviri (cytoreductive therapy/chemotherapy) . Panyaya dzemastocytosis dzakakomba, dzimwe nguva mishonga yechemotherapy inowanzo shandiswa kuuraya masero ekenza inoshandiswa.

Saka, mast cells akanaka here kana kuti akaipa?

Vanhu vazhinji vanongonzwa nezvemasero emuviri kana paine chimwe chinhu chisina kumira zvakanaka paari, saka ungafunga kuti masero emuviri haana kunaka. Asi chaizvoizvo, anobatsira kudzivirira miviri yedu kubva kuzvinhu zvinokuvadza uye anotonga nhengo dzedu. Saka, kazhinji, akanaka.

Fungidzira, ma siren ari kurira. Chikwata chekuchengetedza chinosvika panzvimbo iyi. Masero ako ekudzivirira muviri anoridza alarm, uye masoja emuviri wako anomhanya kuti aponese zuva. Iwo chikamu chakakosha chedziviriro yemuviri wedu. Asi tinowanzo tarisa masero ekudzivirira muviri kana achinyanya kufarira basa rawo. Asi anosimbisawo dziviriro yedu uye anobatsira kudzora mitsipa yeropa nenhengo dzedu. Saka, nguva inotevera paunohotsira, uchibuda mhino, kana kunzwa kukwenya, usakanganwa kutenda masero ako ekudzivirira muviri nekungwarira kwawo!

Zvinhu zvekurangarira muchidimbu

Saka, chinhu chakakosha kurangarira kubva pane zvese izvi ndechekuti mast cells madiki akakosha kwazvo mukudzivirira muviri wedu. Anotidzivirira kubva kuzvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana uye chepfu inobva kunze. Asi, dzimwe nguva paanonyanya kubatwa nepfungwa, anogona kuita zvinhu zvisina njodzi, uye zvinotikonzera zvirwere zvakaita seallergies.

Kana uchigara uchisangana nezviratidzo zvekurwara nepfungwa, zvakaita seganda rinokwenya, mapundu, mhino inoyerera, kuhotsira, kana kufema zvakaoma, chinhu chakanakisa chekuita ndechekuona chiremba wowana mazano usingaregeredze. Usazvidya moyo, kune marapirwo aripo nhasi anogona kubatsira kudzora akawanda ematambudziko aya.

Masero emuviri, masoja emuviri, allergy, histamine, anaphylaxis, mashandiro emasero, zviratidzo