Uri kunzwawo kushaya simba here? Pamwe ichi chirwere chinonzi myopathy!

Dzimwe nguva unonzwa sekuti nhengo dzako hadzina simba uye dzakaneta here? Unoona zvichikuomera here kuita zvinhu zviri nyore sekumuka pachigaro, kusimudza chinhu chinorema, kana kukama bvudzi rako? Kana uchinzwa sekuti tsandanyama dzako dziri kupera simba pasina chikonzero chakajeka, usangozvitora sezvinowanzoitika. Pamwe chikonzero chezviratidzo izvi chirwere chinonzi 'myopathy', chatichataura nezvacho nhasi. Usazvidya mwoyo, tichataura nezvazvo nenzira iri nyore yaunogona kunzwisisa.

Chii chinonzi myopathy? Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore...

Myopathy, muchidimbu, iboka rezvirwere zvinokanganisa tsandanyama dzakanamira pamapfupa edu. Zvirwere izvi zvinokuvadza tsandanyama dzedu uye zvinodzipedza simba. Kungofanana neinjini yemotokari inoshaya simba, zvinova zvakaoma kutyaira, tsandanyama padzinoshaya simba, zvinova zvakaoma kuti miviri yedu iite mabasa ezuva nezuva.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemyopathy here?

Ehe, myopathies inogona kupatsanurwa nenzira dzakasiyana. Dzakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: myopathies inogarwa nhaka neyakawanikwa . Ngatitarisei imwe neimwe yemhando idzi.

Chii chinonzi Inherited Myopathies?

Idzi ndidzo mhando dzemyopathy dzinokonzerwa nekugara nhaka shanduko yemajini isingawanzoitika mumuviri wedu pakuzvarwa, kazhinji kubva kuna amai kana baba vedu.

• Myopathies dzekuzvarwa nadzo:

Zviratidzo zvinowanzotanga pakuzvarwa kana muhudiki. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva zvinogona kuonekwa muhudiki kana kutozosvika pazera rekukura. Chinhu chinoshamisa cherudzi urwu ndechekuti kushaya simba hakungogumiri mutsandanyama dziri pedyo nepakati pemuviri chete, asi kunogona kukanganisa tsandanyama dzemuviri wese, uye chirwere ichi hachiwanzo kufambira mberi.

• Mitochondrial myopathies: Kuongororwa kwemasero eropa nemasero eropa:

Masero edu ane mafekitori madiki anonzi mitochondria anogadzira simba. Rudzi urwu rwe myopathy runokonzerwa nekusakwana kuri mu mitochondria idzi. Pamusoro pekushaya simba kwetsandanyama, mamiriro aya anogonawo kukanganisa mamwe masisitimu enhengo, akadai semwoyo, uropi, uye masisitimu emudumbu. Anogona kukura nekuda kwekuchinja kwemajini, kungave kune nhoroondo yemhuri kana kwete.

• Miropa yemuviri:

Kusashanda zvakanaka kwemuviri uku kunokonzerwa nekusashanda zvakanaka kwemajini kunoita kuti ma enzymes abatsire tsandanyama kushanda zvakanaka uye kufamba zvakanaka. Kunogona kukonzera kuneta panguva yekurovedza muviri, kurwadziwa mumapfudzi nemahudyu panguva yekurovedza muviri, kana chirwere chinonzi rhabdomyolysis, umo tsandanyama dzinoputsika pasina kukuvara. Dzimwe nguva zviratidzo zvinogona kuuya zvoenda, nekushaya simba kwetsandanyama zvozodzokera pazvakajairika.

• Kusashanda kwetsandanyama:

Muzviitiko izvi, tsandanyama dzinopera simba zvishoma nezvishoma uye dzinopera simba nekuda kwekusarongeka kana kushomeka kwemapuroteni anotsigira chimiro anodiwa netsandanyama. Muzviitiko zvese, maoko ne/kana makumbo zvinokanganiswa kusvika padanho rakasiyana. Dzimwe nguva tsandanyama dzemaziso kana kumeso dzinogonawo kukanganiswa.

Chii chinonzi acquired myopathies?

Idzi ndidzo mhando dzezvirwere zvemyopathies zvinokura mukukura kwehupenyu. Zvinogona kukonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira zvimwe zvirwere, hutachiona, kusangana nemimwe mishonga, uye kusawirirana kwema electrolyte mumuviri.

• Kuzvidzivirira kwemuviri/kuzvimba kwemyopathy:

Chinoitika apa ndechekuti masoja emuviri wedu anorwisa tsandanyama dzedu. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mashandiro etsandanyama anokanganiswa. Zvakafanana nedziviriro dzedu dzichizvirwisa.

• Myopathy ine chepfu:

Dambudziko iri rinoitika kana chepfu kana mushonga ukakanganisa chimiro kana mashandiro emhasuru.

• Chepfu: Doro, toluene (chinhu chinopfava chinowanikwa muzvinhu zvakaita sependi iyo vamwe vanhu vanofema kuti vadhakwe).
• Mishonga: Mishonga yekudzivirira muviri inorwisa utachiona (semuenzaniso, pembrolizumab, nivolumab), corticosteroids (semuenzaniso, prednisone), mishonga inoderedza cholesterol (statins), amiodarone, colchicine, chloroquine, mishonga inorwisa mavhairasi uye mishonga inodzivirira hutachiona hweHIV, omeprazole.

• Kuongororwa kweEndocrine myopathies:

Dambudziko iri rinoitika kana mashandiro emahormone mumuviri wedu achikanganisa tsandanyama.

• Gland reGland: Kunyange zvazvo huwandu hwemahormone ethyroid akaderera (hypothyroidism) hwakanyanya kuwanda, matambudziko anogonawo kuitika nekuda kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwemahormone ethyroid (hyperthyroidism).
• Parathyroid gland: Hyperparathyroidism inokonzera kuwedzera kwecalcium muropa.
• Adrenal gland: `Chirwere cheAddison` uye `Cushing's syndrome`.

• Myopathies dzinotapukira:

Zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro emhasuru.

• Utachiona hwemavhairasi: `HIV`, `furuu`, `Epstein-Barr`.
• Utachiona hwemabhakitiriya: `bacterial pyomyositis`.
• 'Chirwere cheLyme'.
• Utachiona hwezvipembenene: `trichinosis`, `toxoplasmosis`, `cysticercosis`.
• Zvirwere zvefungus: Candida, Coccidiomycosis.

• Kusawirirana kwema electrolyte:

Kuwedzera kana kudzikira kwehuwandu hwemamwe ma electrolytes akakosha mumuviri wedu kunogona kukanganisa mashandiro emhasuru.

• Potassium: yakaderera (`hypokalemia`), yakawedzera (`hyperkalemia`).
• Magnesium: Yakawedzera (`Hypermagnesemia`).

• Kurwara kwakanyanya kwemyopathy muchikamu chevarwere vanorwara zvakanyanya:

Ichi chirwere chinokanganisa makumbo netsandanyama dzekufema muvanhu vanorwara zvakanyanya uye vari kurapwa muchikamu chevarwere vane chirwere chakanyanya (ICU) . Chinogona kukonzerwa nekusafamba kwenguva refu kana nekushandisa mishonga inozorodza tsandanyama, corticosteroids, uye mapiritsi ekurara anoshandiswa panguva yekurapwa.

Ndiani ane mukana mukuru wekuwana myopathy? Chirwere ichi chakajairika zvakadii?

Kutaura zvazviri, munhu wese anogona kuwana myopathy, asi vamwe vanhu vari panjodzi yakakura zvishoma.

Zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi:

• Kana mumwe munhu mumhuri aine myopathy, saka pane mukana mukuru wekugara nhaka chirwere ichi nemajini.
• Kuva murume. Mamwe marudzi e myopathy anopfuudzwa kuburikidza ne X chromosome, saka anogona kukanganisa varume kupfuura vakadzi. Zvisinei, mhando dze myopathy dzekuzvarwa nadzo dzinopfuudzwa kuburikidza nemamwe ma chromosome dzinobata munhu wese zvakaenzana.
• Kuva nechirwere che autoimmune, metabolic, kana endocrine.
• Kusangana nemimwe mishonga kana chepfu (ona chikamu che toxic myopathy chatakakurukura kare).

Kuwanda kwemyopathy kunosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwechirwere ichi. Semuenzaniso, myopathy inokura gare gare muhupenyu:

• Myopathies yekuzvimba uye yeendocrine inowanikwa zvakanyanya kupfuura mamwe marudzi, uye inowanikwa zvakanyanya kuvakadzi kupfuura kuvarume.
• Vanhu vari pakati pe9 ne32 pavanhu 100,000 vanotambura nezvirwere zvemyopathies zvinoputika.
• Pakati pe25% ne79% yevanhu vakuru vane hypothyroidism vanogona kuva nezviratidzo zvine chekuita netsandanyama, asi kuwanda kwe myopathy inoonekwa kunogona kunge kwakaderera kusvika ku10%.

Myopathies dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa dzekuzvarwa nadzo ndedze muscular dystrophies, idzo dzinowanzoonekwa muvarume.

• Duchenne's naBecker's muscular dystrophies ndidzo mhando dzinonyanya kuwanikwa, dzichibata vanhu vanomwe pavanhu 100,000 pasi rose.
• Zvirwere zveMitochondrial zvinobata munhu mumwe chete pavanhu 5,000, uye zvizhinji zvacho zvinokanganisa tsandanyama dzemapfupa.
• Mamwe marudzi ezvirwere zvekuberekwa nazvo (congenital myopathies) haawanzoitiki.

Saka, zviratidzo zve myopathy ndezvipi?

Mhando dzakawanda dzemyopathy dzine zviratidzo zvakawanda zvakajairika. Izvi ndeizvi:

• Kushaya simba kwetsandanyama.Kunyanya tsandanyama dzemafudzi, maoko ekumusoro, uye zvidya (idzi ndidzo dzinonyanya kukanganiswa uye zvakanyanya).
• Kurwadziwa kwetsandanyama, kuomarara, uye kurwadza kwemakumbo.
• Kunzwa kuneta nekukurumidza paunenge uchirovedza muviri kana kuita basa diki.
• Kunzwa seusina hupenyu uye usina simba.

Myopathy inonzwa sei chaizvo?

Muzvirwere zvakawanda zve myopathies, tsandanyama dziri kumativi ese emuviri (dzakaenzana) dzinoshaya simba zvakaenzana. Tsandanyama dziri pedyo nepakati pemuviri (tsandanyama dziri pedyo), dzakadai semafudzi, maoko ekumusoro, mahudyu, nezvidya, dzinonyanya kukanganiswa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, unogona kuona zviratidzo zvakaita se:

• Kuomerwa nekuita mabasa ezuva nezuva, akadai sekugeza, kupfeka, uye kukama bvudzi rako.
• Kuomerwa nekusimuka pachigaro, kukwira masitepisi, kana kuita mabasa anoda kusvika pamusoro pemusoro wako (semuenzaniso, kuchinja girobhu remwenje padenga).
• Kunzwa sekuti tsandanyama dziri kugwinha-gwinha uye kugwinha.
• Tsandanyama dzinokurumidza kuneta kana dzichiita chimwe chinhu.
• Kutadza kufema zvakanaka panguva yekurovedza muviri.

Kazhinji hazvikanganisi tsandanyama dzemuchanza nedzepasi.

Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwemyopathy.

• Kushaya simba kwetsandanyama kunogona kuramba kuripo (kusafambira mberi) kana kuramba kuchienderera mberi zvishoma nezvishoma. Mune zvimwe zvirwere, kushaya simba kwetsandanyama kunogona kuuya nekupfuura, nepo dzimwe nguva paine simba rakajairika.
• Kunonoka kukura kwehunyanzvi hwekufamba netsoka (semuenzaniso kufamba, kusvetuka, kukwira masitepisi, kubata chipunu kana penzura) muvana vadiki.
• Kusakwanisa kufambidzana nevamwe vana pavanenge vachitamba mitambo kana kutamba panze (semuenzaniso, kutamba kubata).
• Matambudziko netsandanyama dzinobatsira pakumedza nekutaura. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuti chikafu chiome uye kutaura kutsvinyike.

Chii chandinofanira kuita kana ndikafungidzira kuti ndine myopathy?

Kana uine zviratidzo izvi, unofanira kutanga wataura nachiremba wako wekutanga. Zvichienderana nezviratidzo zvako, anogona kukutumira kuna nyanzvi, senge chiremba wetsinga kana chiremba wemapfupa.

Myopathy inoonekwa sei?

Chiremba wako achakubvunza nezvenhoroondo yako yezvekurapwa, kana paine munhu mumhuri mako akambova nematambudziko akafanana, mishonga yaunotora, uye zviratidzo zvako. Zvadaro vachakubvunzurudza muviri. Vachaongorora ganda rako, simba remuviri wako, kusimba kwetsandanyama, kuenzana, uye kunzwa kwako.

Mhando dzebvunzo dzingarairwa nachiremba:

• Kuongororwa kweropa:
• Mune mamwe ma myopathies, huwandu hwema enzyme emhasuru dzakadai se creatine kinase (CK) kana aldolase hunogona kuwedzera nekuda kwekuputsika kwemhasuru.
• Maerekitiroti akafanana ne sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, uye phosphorus.
• Kuongororwa kwezvirwere zve autoimmune: Semuenzaniso, `Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA), `Rheumatoid Factor', `Sedimentation Rate' uye `C-reactive protein'.
• Kuongororwa kwemasero emudumbu: semuenzaniso, huwandu hwemahormone ethyroid.
• Electromyography (EMG) uye zvidzidzo zvekufambisa tsinga: Miedzo iyi inoyera rudzi uye huwandu hwekukuvadzwa kwetsandanyama nekuyera kuti magetsi anofamba sei mutsinga uye kuisa tsono diki mutsandanyama.
• Kuedzwa kwemhasuru nemagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) .
• Kuongororwa kwemajini.
• Kuongororwa kwetsandanyama: Izvi zvinosanganisira kubviswa chidimbu chidiki chetsandanyama kuti chiongororwe.

Myopathy inorapwa sei?

Kana rudzi rwe myopathy rwawawana rwaonekwa, chiremba wako achagadzira hurongwa hwekurapa hwakagadzirirwa zviratidzo zvako.

Kurapa kwakawanda kunosanganisira physiotherapy, occupational therapy, uye imwe nzira yekurovedza muviri . Mamwe marapirwo anoenderana nerudzi rwemyopathy. Kazhinji, myopathies dzakawanda dzinowanikwa dzinogona kutarisirwa zvakanaka, zvichideredza kushaya simba uye zviratidzo. Mamwe myopathies ekuzvarwa nawo ane marapirwo chaiwo anogona kunonotsa kufambira mberi kwechirwere. Parizvino, hapana marapirwo chaiwo emyopathies dzakawanda dzekuzvarwa nadzo, asi physiotherapy nemamwe marudzi ekurovedza muviri anogona kubatsira.

Myopathies inokonzerwa nekuzvimba uye autoimmune

Chinangwa chekurapa izvi ndechekuderedza kuzvimba uye maitiro emuviri ekudzivirira muviri. Mishonga inowanzo shandiswa yekurapa idzi myopathies inosanganisira:

• Mishonga inogadzirisa muviri/inodzvinyirira muviri: Semuenzaniso, methotrexate, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, azathioprine, mycophenolate, rituximab, uye immunoglobulin inopinzwa mutsinga (IVIg) kana pasi peganda (SubQIg).
• `Corticosteroids`: Semuenzaniso `prednisone` kana `methylprednisolone`.

Myopathies yenhaka uye yemajini

Myopathies dzakawanda dzekuzvarwa nadzo uye dzemajini hadzina mushonga chaiwo kana mushonga wakakwana.Kurapa kunonyanya kuitwa kuburikidza nekutonga zviratidzo uye nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekurapa. Miedzo yakati wandei yekiriniki iri kuitwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutsvaga maererano nekurapa uye kurapwa kwemajini.

Matambudziko anonzi Duchenne muscular dystrophy uye chirwere chePompe anogona kurapwa nemishonga chaiyo.

Dzimwe myopathies dzakawanikwa

Vanachiremba vanorapa myopathies inokonzerwa neendocrine, chepfu, uye zvinotapurirana nekurapa chirwere chakakonzera myopathy. Myopathies ine chepfu inorapwa nekumisa chinhu chinokuvadza (semuenzaniso, doro, toluene) kana mushonga (semuenzaniso, statins). Zviratidzo zvetsandanyama zvinokonzerwa nemabhakitiriya, mavhairasi, kana zvimwe zvinotapurirana zvinowanzovandudzika kana hutachiona hukarapwa zvakananga nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.

Ndingachengetedza sei hutano hwangu?

Kunyangwe myopathy iri chirwere chekuzvarwa nacho, chinowanikwa, kana kuti chirwere chisingaperi, pane zvinhu zvaunogona kuita kuti uchengetedze hutano hwako uye ugadzirise chirwere chacho. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Idya chikafu chakanaka uye chakaringana. Isa michero nemiriwo yakasiyana-siyana mukudya kwako.
• Ramba uchiita maekisesaizi emwoyo asina kunyanya kuoma. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwechirwere chemwoyo chaunacho, ungakurudzirwa kuti usaite mamwe marudzi ekusimudza masimbi. Saka taura nachiremba wako usati watanga chero chirongwa chekurovedza muviri.
• Ramba uine huremu hwakanaka.
• Kana uine mapundu paganda anokonzerwa nedermatomyositis, dzivirira ganda rako kubva kuzuva. Izvi zvinogona kuwedzera mapundu. Pfeka mbatya dzinodzivirira nengowani pese pazvinogoneka. Usakanganwa kuisa sunscreen ine SPF 30 usati wabuda panze.
• Kana uchinetseka nekumedza, idya chikafu chakapfava kana chisina kuoma zvakanyanya. Unogonawo kupukuta chikafu chako. Kana uri munhu anongogara pamubhedha, idya wakagara pamubhedha.
• Inwa mishonga yese yawakanyorerwa nenguva.
• Kana kurapwa kwakadai sekurapa muviri, kurapwa nebasa, kana kurapwa nekutaura kuchikurudzirwa, tora chikamu mazviri.

Yeuka, nekuti kune mhando dzakawanda dzemyopathy, chiremba wako achafanirwa kugadzira hurongwa hwekurapa hunoenderana nerudzi rwemyopathy yako nezviratidzo zvako. Saka zvakakosha kutevedzera mirairo yake nemazvo. Zvakare, teerera muviri wako. Cherechedza chero shanduko mumamiriro ako ezvinhu kana kuoma kwezviratidzo zvako. Ona chiremba wako nenguva yakatarwa (kana nekukurumidza kana ukaona chero shanduko). Nenzira iyi, unogona kuchinja hurongwa hwako hwekurapa nekukurumidza kana zviratidzo zvaonekwa.

Chekupedzisira, zvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zvekurangarira

Myopathy haisi chinhu chekutya, asi haisi chirwere chekuregeredzawo.

• Kana ukaramba uchirwadziwa, uchirwadziwa, kana kuneta, iva nechokwadi chekuona chiremba.
• Kune mhando dzakawanda dzemyopathy, saka kuongororwa kwakarurama kwakakosha zvikuru.
• Kune nzira dzekurapa uye nzira dzekurapa mhando dzakawanda dzemyopathy.
• Nekutevera mirairo yachiremba wako, kutora mishonga yawakanyorerwa, uye kurarama hupenyu hune hutano, unogona kurarama hupenyu hwakanaka nechirwere ichi.

Ndinovimba kuti ruzivo urwu ruchakubatsira. Kana uine mimwe mibvunzo, usatya kutaura nachiremba chero nguva.

Myopathy , kushaya simba kwetsandanyama, kurwadziwa kwetsandanyama, zvirwere zvemajini, zvirwere zve autoimmune, zviratidzo zvetsandanyama, kurapwa kwe myopathy