Wakambofunga here kuti kune hondo huru iri kuitika mukati memiviri yedu? Ehe, pane hondo huru iri kuitika mukati memiviri yedu sekondi yega yega. Hondo yedu yekudzivirira inogara ichirwisa vavengi vakaita sehutachiona, mabhakitiriya, nemavhairasi anobva kunze. Isu tinodana hondo iyi kuti Immune System . Saka, kune boka rakakosha revakuru vehungwaru muuto iri. Ndivo vanotanga vaziva muvengi uye vanopa mirairo kune vamwe varwi nezverudzi rwekurwisa kwavanofanira kuita. Vakuru vehungwaru ivavo ndivo vatinodaidza kuti "Helper T cells." Nhasi tiri kutaura nezvemagamba aya madiki, asi akakosha zvikuru.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, masero aya eT anobatsira chii?
Masero eT anobatsira ndiwo rudzi rwakakosha rwemasero muimmune system yedu. Kutaura chokwadi, iwo rudzi rwemasero machena eropa. Basa rawo guru nderekuona hutachiona mumuviri uye kumutsa mamwe masero ekudzivirira muviri kuti arwe nahwo. Akafanana nevatungamiriri vebasa rese.
Masero eT aya anogadzirwa uye anodzidziswa mugland diki riri pamusoro pechipfuva chedu, seri kwepfupa rechipfuva. Rinonzi thymus . Iyi thymus yakafanana nechikoro chekudzidzisa uko masoja anodzidziswa. Chikoro ichi chekudzidzisa chinogadzira mhando dzakasiyana dzemasero eT, rimwe nerimwe riine hunyanzvi hwaro.
Ngationei kuti mapoka iwayo ndeapi:
| Rudzi rwesero reT | Basa racho (sekungofanana nerechiuto) |
|---|---|
| Masero eT anobatsira | Vatungamiriri/Vakuru veUngwaru: Ziva muvengi, ronga kurwisa, uye raira vamwe. |
| Masero eT ane chepfu | Masimba Akakosha: Pinda zvakananga woparadza masero nemajemusi ane utachiona. |
| Masero eT anodzora | Simba rekuchengetedza rugare:Kana hondo yapera, munhu wese anoudzwa kuti amire, adzokere pane zvakajairika. Izvi zvinoreva kuti masoja emuviri haachisiri kushanda zvakanyanya. |
| Masero eNKT | Simba Rinotsigira: Rinobatsira kuwedzera simba redziviriro yemuviri. |
Basa ravo nderei mukudzivirira muviri?
Sisitimu yedu yekudzivirira muviri ine zvikamu zviviri. Chimwe isimba remuviri, iro tinozvarwa naro. Chimwe isimba rekudzivirira muviri, iro tinokura naro patinorwara uye patinobayiwa majekiseni. Simba iri rekudzivirira muviri rakangwara kwazvo. Rinogona kurangarira muvengi akambouya uye rinokurumidza kumuparadza kana muvengi iyeye auyazve.
Saka, uropi hweiyi system yekudzivirira muviri yakangwara inochinjika ndiyo vatungamiriri vedu, masero eT anobatsira. Pasina iwo, basa iri raisazokwanisika. Anonyanya kumutsa ma battalion maviri:
1. Masero eB: Aya ndiwo mafekitori ezvombo zvemuviri wedu. Paanogamuchira mirairo kubva kumasero eT anobatsira, masero eB anogadzira rudzi rwakakosha rweprotein. Aya anonzi ma antibodies . Ma antibodies aya akafanana nemakombora anoenda zvakananga kune chinangwa. Anogadzira antibody yakakosha yakakodzera hutachiona hwese. Ma antibodies iwayo anoenda uye anonamatira kuhutachiona, achiadzima.
2. Masero eT ane chepfu: Aya ndiwo masimba akakosha . Paanogamuchira mirairo kubva kumasero eT anobatsira, anoenda zvakananga kuhondo. Anoenda kunotsvaga masero ari mumuviri wedu akatapukirwa nehutachiona hwakaita semavhairasi, oparadza masero iwayo. Ipapo hutachiona hahuchagoni kupararira.
Fungidzira sero reT rinobatsira riri mutungamiriri wehondo. Anogamuchira meseji kubva kumusori (rimwe sero rekudzivirira muviri) richiti, "Muvengi wezuva apinda mumuviri." Mutungamiriri wehondo anoongorora ruzivo irworwo osarudza kana otumira zvombo zvehondo (maB cells) kana kuti special commando force (maCytotoxic T cells) muhondo iyi. Ipapo anopa murairo chaiwo.
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemasero eT anobatsira here?
Ehe, zviripo. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwemuvengi, masero eT anobatsira aya anodzidziswa zvakanyanya uye akakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri. Aya ndiwo TH1 neTH2.
- Masero ekubatsira eTH1: Masero aya anorwisa zvakanyanya zvipembenene zvakaita semabhakitiriya nemavhairasi akavanda mukati memasero edu. Anotumira meseji uye anomutsa imwe mhando yesero inonzi macrophage . Macrophages ndiwo anounganidza marara mumuviri.Sezvakaita. Anoenda kunoputira utachiona nezvidimbu zvemasero akafa, achichenesa nzvimbo yehondo. Uye anotangawo masero eTH1, ayo masimba akakosha atakataura nezvawo kare, masero eT ane chepfu.
- Masero ekubatsira eTH2: Masero aya anotarisa pavavengi vakuru vakaita sezvipembenene zviri kunze kwemasero nezvinhu zvinokonzera allergies. Ndiwo anogadzira masero eB uye anogadzira ma antibodies ane chekuita neallergies. Paunowana guruva, unohotsira, paunodya chikafu, unowana manyoka, unokosora... Masero aya eTH2 ari kumashure kwezvinhu zvakaita seizvi. Anoedza kubvisa zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvakapinda mumuviri nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.
Masero aya anoshanda sei? Maitiro acho anoshamisa zvechokwadi!
Izvi zvinonzwika senyaya inonakidza zvikuru. Sero reT rinobatsira haringoshande chete. Rinofanira kugamuchira chiratidzo chakakosha.
Fungidzira kuti bhakitiriya inopinda mumuviri wedu. Masoja edu ekudzivirira muviri ane masero anofamba-famba mumuviri. Sero iri rinobata bhakitiriya roratidza chidimbu chidiki charo pamusoro paro. Zvakafanana nemapurisa ari kubata mbavha oiratidza mufananidzo wayo. Molekyuri inoratidza izvi inonzi MHC class II molecule .
Iye zvino sero redu reT rinobatsira rinouya roongorora izvi. Pane receptor yakakosha pamusoro pesero reT rinobatsira, inonzi CD4 receptor . Iyi CD4 receptor yakaita sekiyi, inofanira kukwana zvakanaka mukiyi inonzi MHC class II molecule.
Kana kiyi yangopinda pakiyi, sero reT rinotanga "kushanda." Izvi zvinoreva kuti rinonzwisisa kuti, "Zvakanaka, ikozvino kwava nemuvengi mumuviri, ndinofanira kutanga kushanda."
Zvadaro, sero iri reT rinobatsira rinoburitsa mishonga inonzi cytokines . Ma cytokines aya anoenda kunoudza mamwe masero ekudzivirira muviri (akadai seB cells, cytotoxic T cells, macrophages) kuti auye kuzorwa, "Uyai nekukurumidza, pane kurwa pano!" Sisitimu yese yekudzivirira muviri inotungamirwa nemashoko aya e cytokine.
Masero aya eT anobatsira ari kupi mumuviri wedu?
Masero eT anozvarwa mumwongo wemapfupa mukati memapfupa edu. Asi ikoko anenge akaita sevana vacheche. Anodzidziswa uye anogadzirwa kuva varwi vakanaka muchikoro chekudzidzira chinonzi thymus gland chatakambotaura nezvacho. Muchikoro ichi chekudzidzisa ndipo pavanodzidziswa kusiyanisa pakati pekuti "iri iseli redu, iri muvengi anobva kunze." Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru. Kana zvisina kudaro, vanogona kurwisa masero edu.
Kana vangodzidziswa, varwi ava vane hunyanzvi vanotumirwa mumuviri wese, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine mukana wekupinda nevavengi. Saka, nzvimbo dzinowanikwa masero eT anobatsira ndeidzi:
- Manodhi elymph - akafanana nemasoja.
- Chidendene
- Matonsils - Chekutanga kubata utachiona hunopinda muhuro.
- Mapapu - kuhutachiona hunopinda nekufema.
- Matumbu - kuhutachiona hunopinda nechikafu.
- Mupfupa
Ndezvipi zvirwere zvinokanganisa masero eT anobatsira?
Kana basa remasero eT anobatsira, anoita basa rakakosha kudaro, rikakanganiswa, masoja edu ekudzivirira muviri anogona kuparara. Izvi ndizvo zvinoitika mune zvimwe zvirwere.
- HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus): Ungave wakanzwa nezveHIV. Utachiona uhwu hunorwisa zvakananga masero edu eT anobatsira. Kureva kuti, hunoparadza vatungamiriri veuto redu. Kana vatungamiriri vaenda, hapana anotonga uto. Nekuda kweizvozvo, masoja emuviri anoshaya simba zvachose, uye kunyange utachiona husingawanzotikuvadzi zvakanyanya hunotanga kukonzera zvirwere zvakakomba. AIDS ndiyo danho rekupedzisira.
- Zvirwere zve autoimmune: Dzimwe nguva, masoja edu emuviri anotadza kushanda zvakanaka otanga kurwisa masero edu ane hutano, achifunga kuti vavengi. Muzvirwere zvakadaro, panewo mamwe matambudziko nekushanda kwemasero eT.
- Magomarara: Mamwe marudzi egomarara, akadai seacute lymphocytic leukemia uye adult Hodgkin lymphoma, anokanganisa zvakananga masero aya ekudzivirira muviri.
- Zvirwere zvisingawanzoitiki zvemajini: Kushanda kwemasero eT kunokanganiswawo nemamiriro ezvinhu akadai seJob syndrome uye Thymic aplasia (kukundikana kwechibereko kwethymus gland).
Kana muine kusava nechokwadi nezvechimwe chezvirwere izvi, zvakakosha kuti muone chiremba wenyu nekukasika kuti akupei mazano.
Chii chatingaita kuti masoja emuviri arambe akasimba?
Ibasa redu isu pachedu kuchengetedza mauto edu akasimba. Hazvidi shanduko huru. Zvinongoda shanduko dzakareruka dzemararamiro.
- Kudya Kwakanaka: Tinofanira kupa mauto edu chikafu chinodiwa. Idyai chikafu chakakwana chinosanganisira michero mitsva, miriwo, miriwo, mapuroteni asina mafuta akawanda (senge hove, mazai, nebhinzi), uye mafuta akanaka . Deredza zvinwiwa zvine shuga, zvekudya zvekugadzira, uye zvekudya zvine mafuta zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
- Wana hope dzakakwana: Kurara inguva iyo miviri yedu inozvigadzirisa uye masero edu emuviri anozvivandudza. Zvakakosha kuwana maawa manomwe kusvika masere ekurara zvakanaka, pasina kukanganiswa husiku .
- Kurovedza muviri: Kurovedza muviri zuva nezuva kusvika pakubuda ziya kunobatsira kufambisa masero emuviri anodzivirira zvirwere mumuviri wese. Edza kufamba, kumhanya, kana kuchovha bhasikoro kwemaminitsi makumi matatu pazuva.
- Deredza kushushikana: Kushushikana kwakanyanya kunoshayisa simba masoja emuviri wedu simba. Zorodza pfungwa dzako nekuita zvinhu zvakaita sekufungisisa, yoga, kuteerera mimhanzi, kana kuita chimwe chinhu chaunofarira.
- Dzivisa kusvuta nedoro:Zvese izvi vavengi vemasoja edu ekudzivirira chirwere. Kana ukasvuta, rega. Deredza kunwa doro zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
- Kuchena: Kugeza maoko ako nesipo nguva dzose kunogona kubatsira zvikuru kudzivirira utachiona kuti husapinde mumuviri huchibva kunze.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Masero eT anobatsira akafanana nevatungamiriri vemasoja edu ekudzivirira muviri. Ndiwo anoona hutachiona uye anopa mamwe maseru mirairo yekurwisa hutachiona uhu.
- Dai pasina kushanda kwemasero aya, miviri yedu yaisazokwanisa kurwisa zvirwere. Utachiona hweHIV hunorwisa masero aya akakosha.
- Anomutsa masero eB kuti agadzire masoja ekudzivirira chirwere , uye anomutsa masero eT ane chepfu kuti aparadze zvakananga masero ane hutachiona .
- Nekugara tichidya zvakanaka, kurara zvakakwana, kurovedza muviri, uye kugara zvakanaka kwepfungwa, tinogona kuchengetedza simba redu rekudzivirira muviri, kureva kuti, simba redu rese rekudzivirira, kusanganisira masero edu eT anobatsira, rakasimba.
- Kana uine zvinokunetsa kana kusava nechokwadi nezvekudzivirirwa kwezvirwere mumuviri wako, iva nechokwadi chekubvunza chiremba wako uye kutsvaga mazano akakodzera.
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