Tingataure nezve neural tube defects (NTDs) dzinokanganisa uropi nemusana wemwana ari kukura mudumbu here?

Ungave uri kutarisira mwana kana kuti watogamuchira mashoko akanaka, pamwe uri kufunga zvinhu zvakawanda nezvemwana mudiki ari mudumbu mako. Zvingabatsira sei kuziva zvishoma nezvehutano hwemwana wako? Ndosaka, nhasi tichataura nezvechimwe chinhu chinogona kuitika panguva yekuzvitakura, asi chinogona kudzivirirwa kana ukachiziva kare. Izvozvo zvikanganiso zve neural tube , kana sekudanwa kwazvinoitwa navanachiremba kuti `Neural Tube Defects - NTDs''. Usazvidya mwoyo, tichataura nezvazvo zviri nyore, nenzira yaunogona kunzwisisa.

Chii chinonzi neural tube defects (NTDs)? Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore...

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, NTDs rudzi rwechirwere chekuzvarwa nacho . Kureva kuti, zvirwere zvinoitika mwana achiri mudumbu. Zvinonyanya kukanganisa uropi hwemwana, musana, kana musana (tsinga dzinofamba nemumusana). Yeuka, zvikanganiso izvi zvinowanzoitika usati watomboziva kuti une pamuviri, kazhinji mukati memwedzi wekutanga wepamuviri.

Izvi ndizvo zvinowanzoitika. Mwana paanotanga kukura ari mudumbu, mativi maviri emusana wemwana anosangana pamwe chete, zvichiita chimiro chakaita sechubhu. Izvi ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti neural tube . Iyi neural tube ndiyo inozokura muuropi hwemwana nemusana. Saka, kana iyi neural tube ikasavhara zvakanaka, kana paine mukaha mudiki kana kushomeka kumwe, ipapo chirwere ichi chinonzi NTD chinoitika. Zvakafanana nepaunovaka denga, kana paine mukaha kumwe, mvura inobuda kubva padenga.

Ndedzipi mhando huru dzezvirwere zveNTD?

Kune mhando dzakawanda dzezvirwere zve neural tube (NTDs). Ngatitarisei imwe neimwe:

1. Spina Bifida

Iyi ndiyo mhando ye NTD inonyanya kuwanikwa . Spina Bifida chirwere apo tsinga yeropa haivhari zvachose pane imwe nguva iri pamuzongoza panguva yekukura kwemwana ari mudumbu. Zvakare, kune mhando dzakasiyana-siyana:

• Myelomeningocele (Open Spina Bifida):

Fungidzira, kana vamwe vacheche vaberekwa, unogona kuona saga rizere nemvura richibuda kumashure kwemusana wavo. Izvi zvinonzi `(Myelomeningocele).` Mukati mesaga munogona kunge muine chikamu chemusana wemwana, nyama dzinomufukidza `(Meninges)`, tsinga, uye kunyange mvura inopoteredza uropi `(Cerebrospinal Fluid - CSF)`. Iyi ndiyo mhando yakanyanya uye yakajairika ye`(Spina Bifida).`

• Meningocele:

Muchiitiko ichi, saga rakazara nemvura rinogona kunge rabuda kumusana wemwana. Zvisinei, muchiitiko ichi, musana wemwana hauna kukuvara, zvichireva kuti musana hausi mukati mesaga.

• Spina Bifida Occulta:

Iyi ndiyo mhando isina kunyanya kuoma ye `(Spina Bifida)`Muchiitiko ichi, pane kaburi kadiki mumusana wemwana, asi hapana saga rinoonekwa. Hapana kukuvara kwemusana kana tsinga. Kazhinji, izvi hazvikonzeri matambudziko. Dzimwe nguva, ungasatomboziva kuti unazvo kweupenyu hwako hwese.

2. Kurwara kwenhengo dzemuviri dzinonzi Anencephaly

Ichi chirwere chakakomba. Anencephaly chirwere apo chikamu chepamusoro chetsinga yeropa, uko uropi hunokura, hachivhari zvakanaka panguva yekukura kwemwana ari mudumbu. Nekuda kweizvozvo, dehenya remwana, ganda, neuropi hazvikure zvakanaka. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzeuropi nedehenya dzinogona kunge dzisipo zvachose. Nyama yeuropi iri kukura inowanzoonekwa nekuti hapana ganda kana pfupa rekuifukidza. Zvinosuwisa kuti, vana vane chirwere ichi vanowanzo berekwa vakafa kana kufa nguva pfupi mushure mekuzvarwa.

3. Encephalocele

Izvi zvinoitika kana tsinga yeropa ikatadza kuvharika zvakanaka pedyo neuropi, zvichiita kuti pave neburi riri mudehenya. Uropi hwemwana nemidziyo inofukidza uropi (meninges) zvinogona kubuda nepaburi iri, zvichiita kuti pave neburi rakaita sebhegi. Dzimwe nguva, panogona kunge paine buri diki mumhino kana pahuma, risinganyatsooneki.

4. Iniencephaly

Ichi chirwere chakakomba zvikuru uye chisingawanzoitiki. Chinokonzera kuremara kwakanyanya kwemusana. Kazhinji, mutsipa hausipo zvachose, uye musoro unogona kukotama kusvika kure zvekuti chiso chemwana chinogona kunamatira pachipfuva uye ganda riri kumashure kwedehenya rinogona kunamatira. Vana vane chirwere ichi vanowanzo berekwa vakafa.

MaNTD aya anokanganisa vanaani? Anowanikwa kakawanda sei?

NTDs zvirwere zvinoitika pakuzvarwa, zvichireva kuti zvinokanganisa mwana ari kukura . Zvinoitikawo mukati memwedzi wekutanga wepamuviri.

Zvichienderana nenhamba dziri mune dzimwe nyika pasi rose, `(NTDs)` hadziwanzoitika, asi zvakakosha kuziva nezvazvo. Semuenzaniso, muUnited States of America, chirwere ichi chinoonekwa muvanhu vanosvika 3000 vane pamuviri pagore. Pakati pavo, `(Spina Bifida)` uye `(Anencephaly)` ndizvo zvinonyanya kuitika. Kunyangwe zvakaoma kuwana nhamba chaiyo muSri Lanka, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti mamiriro aya anogona kuitika kune chero munhu.

Sei izvi zvisizvo zve neural tube (NTDs) zvichiitika?

Kutaura zvazviri, vanachiremba nemasayendisiti havasati vakwanisa kutaura chokwadi kuti chii chinokonzera zvirwere izvi zveNTD. Zvisinei, vanotenda kuti musanganiswa wakaoma wezvinhu zvakaita semajini, zvekudya, uye zvakatipoteredza .

Zvakaonekwa kuti chikonzero chikuru cheizvi ihuwandu hwakaderera hwe folic acid mumuviri waamai, kunyanya vasati vabata pamuviri uye mumavhiki ekutanga ekuzvitakura . Folic acid kana folate chinhu chakakosha pakukura kwakanaka kwehuropi hwemwana nemusana.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvezvirwere zveNTD?

Rudzi rumwe nerumwe rwe NTD rune zviratidzo zvarwo zvakasiyana.

Kune vacheche vane `(NTD)`Hapana zviratidzo. Zvisinei, vamwe vacheche vanogona kuva nematambudziko akakomba . Sezvambotaurwa, vacheche vane `(Iniencephaly)` uye `(Anencephaly)` vanowanzofa pakuzvarwa kana nguva pfupi mushure mekuzvarwa.

Zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa zve NTD zvinosanganisira:

• Matambudziko emuviri - semuenzaniso, kuoma mitezo (kurasikirwa nemakumbo), kutadza kudzora weti netsvina.
• Kurasikirwa nekuona (kupofumara).
• Kurasikirwa nekunzwa (kusanzwa).
• Kuremara kwepfungwa.
• Kusaziva, dzimwe nguva kunyange kufa.

Kana vanachiremba vachifungidzira kuti mwana wako ane "(NTD)", vachakuudza zvakawanda nezveizvi, sezvo mamiriro aya anogona kusiyana kubva pamwana mumwe kuenda kune mumwe.

Amai vane zviratidzo here panguva yekuzvitakura?

Kwete. Kunyangwe mwana wako aine "(NTD)", hauzombooni zviratidzo zvine chekuita nazvo. Vanachiremba vanozviona kuburikidza nekuongororwa panguva yekuzvitakura.

Aya `(NTDs)` anoonekwa sei?

Vanachiremba vanowanzo ongorora zvirwere zveNTD kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwemwana asati aberekwa panguva yekuzvitakura. Kuongororwa kweultrasound kwakakosha zvikuru pakuita izvi.

Ndezvipi zviedzo zvinoshandiswa kuona zvirwere zveNTD?

Vanachiremba vanoshandisa bvunzo idzi kuona zvirwere zveNTD mwana asati aberekwa:

• Kuongororwa kweRopa: Pakati pemavhiki gumi nematanhatu negumi nemasere ekuzvitakura, chiremba wako anogona kuraira bvunzo yekuyera puroteni inonzi alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) muropa rako. Kana mwana wako aine NTD, huwandu hwepuroteni iyi muropa raamai hunowanzova hwakakwira kupfuura zvakajairwa (inenge 75% - 80%). Kana huwandu hweAFP yako hwakakwira, chiremba wako anogona kuraira bvunzo dzakawanda, dzakadai se ultrasound scan.
• Ultrasound yemwana asati aberekwa: Kuongororwa kweultrasound panguva yekuzvitakura ndiyo nzira chaiyo yekuona zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zveNTD. Vanachiremba vanowanzokurudzira kuongororwa mu trimester yekutanga (vhiki 11-14) uye trimester yechipiri (vhiki 18-22). Kuongororwa uku kunoongorora musana wemwana nemusoro kuti vaone kana paine zviratidzo zveNTD.
• Amniocentesis: Kuongororwa uku kunogona kutarisa zvirwere zveNTD nezvimwe zvikanganiso zvekuzvarwa nazvo. Kunosanganisira kushandisa tsono kutora sampuli diki yemvura yeamniotic yakakomberedza mwana. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa pakati pemavhiki gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi maviri epamuviri. Zvisinei, kune dzimwe njodzi dzinobatanidzwa nekuedzwa uku, saka taura nachiremba wako nezvazvo.

Dzimwe nguva, mamwe maNTD anogona kuonekwa mushure mekunge mwana azvarwa kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwemifananidzo senge MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) kana CT (Computed Tomography) scans.

Ndezvipi zvinorapwa zve NTDs?

Kune zvirwere zvakaita se `(Spina Bifida)` uye `(Encephalocele), kune nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzekurapa zvichienderana nekuoma kwechirwere chacho.

Zvinosuwisa kuti hapana mushonga weAnencephaly neIniencephaly. Vana vakadaro vanowanzofa panguva yekuzvarwa kana nguva pfupi mushure mekuzvarwa.

Kurapa kwe `(Spina Bifida)` uye `(Encephalocele)`

Kurapwa kwezvirwere zvese izvi kunoenderana nekuoma kwechirwere uye kana mwana aine zvimwe zvinetso. Kuvhiyiwa ndiko kurapwa kukuru kwezvose zviri zviviri.

Chirwere cheEncephalocele chinowanzo shandiswa kuvhiyiwa, uko chikamu cheuropi chakabuda mudehenya remwana, pamwe chete neganda rakachikomberedza, chinodzoserwa mukati medehenya, zvichivhara buri riri mudehenya.

Myelomeningocele, rudzi rwakajairika rwe spina bifida, inowanzo shandiswa kuvhiya kugadzirisa buri riri mumusana wemwana. Kuvhiya uku kunogona kuitwa mwana asati aberekwa (fetal surgery) kana nguva pfupi mushure mekuzvarwa (postnatal surgery) .

Matambudziko ese aya angada kurapwa kwenguva refu , zvichienderana nemamiriro emwana. Nekufamba kwenguva, kuvhiyiwa kwakawanda kungada kuitwa, kana kuti matambudziko akadai sehydrocephalus, inova kuunganidzwa kwemvura yakawandisa muuropi, angada kurapwa.

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokonzera njodzi yekukura kweNTD?

Chero mukadzi anogona kuva nemwana ane "(NTD)``. Zvisinei, zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi iyi. Ngationei kuti ndezvipi:

• Kushaikwa kwefolate (folic acid): Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru. Folate rudzi rwevhitamini B-9. Inokosha pakukura kwakanaka kwemwana. Kana folic acid isingakwani mwana asati abata pamuviri uye mumwedzi mishoma yekutanga yekuzvitakura, pane mukana wakakura wekuva nechirwere cheNTD chakaita seSpine Bifida.

Saka, kana uchironga kubata pamuviri, kana kuti watova nepamuviri, zvakakosha kutora mavitamini epamuviri awakanyorerwa nachiremba wako. Kazhinji zvinokurudzirwa kutora folic acid inosvika 400 micrograms (mcg) zuva nezuva. Zvakanakawo kudya chikafu chine folate yakawanda (senge sipinachi, mapeya).

• Nhoroondo yemhuri yezvirwere zvetsinga dzemutsinga: Amai vakambova nemwana ane chirwere cheNTD kare vane mukana wakawedzera we2% kusvika 3% wekuva nemumwe mwana ane chirwere chakafanana. Kana uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezveizvi, zvakanaka kuona chiremba wemajini.
• Mimwe mishonga yekudzivirira pfari: Mishonga iyi inogona kuwedzera njodzi yezvirwere zvepfungwa (NTDs) kana ikatorwa panguva yekuzvitakura. Kana uri kutora mishonga yepfari, taura nachiremba wako usati wabata pamuviri kuti uzive kuti mushonga wacho uchaita sei pakuzvitakura kwako.
• Chirwere cheshuga:Madzimai ane pamuviri ane chirwere cheshuga chisina kudzorwa zvakanaka ari panjodzi yakakura yekuva nemwana ane chirwere che "NTD" (chirwere cheshuga).
• Kufuta: Njodzi iyi yakanyanyawo kune vanaamai vakafuta vasati vabata pamuviri.
• Kupisa muviri kwakanyanya panguva yekuzvitakura: Kana kupisa kwemuviri wako kukawedzera (hyperthermia) mumavhiki ekutanga ekuzvitakura, kungave nekuda kwefivha isingaperi kana kushandisa sauna kana hot tub, pane mukana mudiki wekuva nezvirwere zveNTD.
• Kushandisa maopioid panguva yekuzvitakura: Maopioid rudzi rwemishonga inouraya marwadzo inogona kukanganisa muviri zvakanyanya. Kana ukaashandisa mumwedzi miviri yekutanga yekuzvitakura, une mukana wekuva nemwana ane chirwere cheNTD. Kana uine pamuviri uye uri kutora chero mushonga ungave uine maopioid, taurira chiremba wako nekukasika.

Mwana ane `(NTD)` anogona kurarama here?

Ehe, vacheche vane zvimwe zvirwere zvetsinga dzemutsinga zvakaita se `(Spina Bifida)` uye `(Encephalocele)` vanogona kurarama. Zvisinei, sezvambotaurwa, vacheche vane `(Anencephaly)` uye `(Iniencephaly)` vanowanzofa pakuzvarwa kana nguva pfupi mushure mekuzvarwa.

Vacheche vane `(Spina Bifida),` kunyanya `(Myelomeningocele)` kana `(Encephalocele),` vari panjodzi yakakura yekukuvara kwetsinga. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko akadai sekuoma mitezo. Kukuvara kwetsinga uye kurasikirwa nebasa panguva yekuzvarwa kunowanzogara kwenguva refu. Zvisinei, kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekurapa dzinogona kubatsira kudzivirira kukuvara kwakawanda nematambudziko.

Vamwe vacheche vane ``Spina Bifida`` vanogona kurarama vasina matambudziko kana matambudziko madiki.

Ndingatarisira sei mwana wangu ne `(NTD)`?

Zvakakosha kurangarira izvi: Havasi vacheche vese vane NTDs vakafanana. Kunyanya vacheche vane Spina Bifida neEncephalocele vanobatwa zvakasiyana. Hazvigoneki kufanotaura kuti mwana wako achabatwa sei chaizvo. Chinhu chakanakisa chaungaita kutaura nachiremba wako nezvemamiriro emwana wako uye kuwana mazano kubva kwaari.

Mwana wako paanokura, angangoda rubatsiro rwechikwata chevanachiremba kuti vamupe rubatsiro rwakasiyana-siyana rwaanoda. Zvakakosha zvikuru kumutsigira uye kuona kuti anowana rubatsiro rwekurapa rwakanakisisa.

Ndirini pandinofanira kuona chiremba nezvezvirwere zveNTD?

Kana mwana wako akazvarwa aine chirwere cheNTD, anofanira kuona chiremba kana timu yezvekurapa nguva nenguva kuti vamutarisire kweupenyu hwake hwese.

Kana uri kutora mushonga wepfari kana opioid, taura nachiremba wako usati wabata pamuviri kuti uzive kuti mushonga wacho uchaita sei pakubata kwako pamuviri uye mukana wekuva nemwana ane chirwere cheNTD.

Zvakajairika kuti unzwe kutya uye kushamisika paunoona kuti mwana wako ane "(NTD)". Asi yeuka, hausi wega. Kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kukubatsira iwe nemhuri yako. Zvakakosha kutaura nachiremba ane ruzivo nezve "(NTD)" kuti uzive kuti mwana wako achakanganiswa sei uye kuti ungazvigadzirira sei.

Chekupedzisira, zvinhu zvatinofanira kurangarira (Mharidzo Yekuenda Kumba)

Ndinovimba hurukuro iyi yakupai ruzivo nezve "Neural Tube Defects - NTDs". Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuziva izvi pachine nguva.

• (NTDs) zvikanganiso zvekukura zvinoitika muuropi hwemwana nemusana wake mumavhiki ekutanga ekuzvitakura.
• Folic acid chinhu chakakosha zvikuru pakudzivirira zvirwere izvi. Kutora folic acid zuva nezuva kubva panguva yaunoronga kubata pamuviri uye mumwedzi mishoma yekutanga yekuzvitakura kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yezvirwere zveNTD.
• Ma NTD anogona kuonekwa kuburikidza ne ultrasound scans panguva yekuzvitakura.
• Kunyange hazvo mamwe ma NTD aine mishonga, yakadai sekuvhiyiwa, mamwe mamiriro akaipisisa haana mushonga.
• Kana muine mibvunzo kana zvinokunetsai nezvezvirwere zveNTD, iva nechokwadi chekutaura nachiremba wenyu.

Tinovimba kuti ruzivo urwu ruchakubatsira. Dai mawana simba rekuva nemwana ane hutano!

` Neural Tube Defect, NTD, Spina Bifida, Anencephaly, Folic Acid, Pamuviri, Zvirwere zvekuzvarwa, Zvirwere zveNeural Tube