Zvaunofanira kuziva nezve Denda!

Ungave wakanzwa nezve 'Denda' kana 'Epidemic' kubva mumabhuku enhoroondo nenyaya. Zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti denda iri raiva nengozi zvakadini panguva iyoyo, handiti? Asi waiziva here kuti denda iri richiri kutaurwa mune dzimwe nyika dzepasi rose? Asi harisi denda rakakura sezvaraive kare. Nhasi, ngatitaurei nezvazvo zvakadzama , nekuti zvakakosha kuti munhu wese azive nezvezvinhu zvakadaro.

Chii chaizvo chinonzi Denda?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chirwere chePlague chirwere chinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwebhakitiriya . Chinokonzerwa nerudzi rwebhakitiriya runonzi Yersinia pestis. Chinoiswa muchikamu chechirwere chemhuka. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chirwere ichi chinogona kutapuriranwa kubva kumhuka kuenda kuvanhu, uye kubva kuvanhu kuenda kumhuka. Chinowanzo pararira nezvipembenene zvakaita senhata, zvakaruma mhuka ine utachiona zvobva zvaruma munhu.

Kune mhando nhatu huru dzedenda. Rudzi rwaunowana runoenderana nekuti bhakitiriya reYersinia pestis rinokanganisa kupi mumuviri wako.

1. Bubonic plague: Izvi zvinokanganisa ma lymph nodes ako.

2. Denda reSepticemic: Muizvi, mabhakitiriya anopinda muropa rako.

3. Denda remapapu: Izvi zvinokanganisa mapapu ako.

Zita rekuti Denda richiri kushandiswa here nanhasi?

Ehe, tichiri kushandisa zita rekuti "Plague" pachirwere ichi chinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya reYersinia pestis. Asi kazhinji tinorishandisa nerudzi rwambotaurwa. Kureva, bubonic plague, septicemic plague, kana pneumonic plague.

Ko Denda richiripo zvechokwadi here?

Ehe, denda harisati rapera pasi rose. Rinowanikwa zvakanyanya mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeAfrica . Zvakare, nyaya dzinoverengeka dzinotaurwa gore rega rega muAsia, South America, neUnited States. Saka, ichi hachisi chirwere chinogona kukanganwika zvachose.

Mamwe mashoko mashoma nezvemarudzi matatu edenda

Ngatinyatsoongororai marudzi matatu aya ezvirwere zvakasiyana.

1. Bubonic Plague, iyo inokanganisa ma lymph nodes

Iyi ndiyo mhando yedenda inonyanya kuwanikwa . Inoponesa hupenyu kupfuura dzimwe mhando mbiri. Kana kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kukatanga nekukurumidza, pane mukana we95% wekupora.

Kana uine Bubonic Plague, rimwe kana akawanda emalymph nodes ako anozvimba zvinorwadza . Aya malymph nodes akazvimba anonzi mabuboes. Anowanzozvimba mumalymph nodes ari pedyo nenzvimbo yakarumwa nenhata ine utachiona. Semuenzaniso, kana nhata ikakuruma gumbo, malymph nodes ari muhudyu mako anogona kuzvimba.

2. Denda reSepticemic (rinokanganisa ropa)

Denda reSepticemic rinoitika kana bhakitiriya reYersinia pestis rikapinda muropa rako. Izvi zvine njodzi nekuti bhakitiriya inofamba nemuropa rako yotanga kuparadza nyama dzako. Izvi zvinogona kutungamira kuzvirwere zvakakomba zvakaita seronda (kufa kwenyama uye kuita dema) uye kutadza kushanda kwenhengo.

Kune nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzinoita kuti chirwere cheSepticemic Denda chiitike:

• Nekurumwa nenhata ine utachiona.
• Nekunge mvura yemuviri (semuenzaniso ropa) inobva kumhuka ine chirwere ichipinda mumuviri wako kuburikidza nekuputika kweganda rako.
• Utachiona hwedenda huri kune imwe nzvimbo mumuviri (semuenzaniso bubonic plague) hunova hwakaipisisa uye mabhakitiriya anopinda muropa (izvi zvinonzi `utachiona hwechipiri`).

3. Pneumonic Denda, iro rinokanganisa mapapu

Denda remapapu rinowanzoitika kana bhakitiriya reYersinia pestis rikapinda mumapapu ako. Iri ndiro risingawanzoitiki pamhando nhatu dzedenda, uye ndiro rine njodzi zvikuru .

Denda remapapu rinopararira kubva kumunhu kuenda kune mumwe, sedzihwa, kuburikidza nekukosora nekuhotsira . Rinogonawo kukonzerwa nekubatana kwemhuka dzine utachiona kana kupararira kwechirwere chemapapu kune imwe nzvimbo mumuviri (chirwere chechipiri).

Rudzi urwu runokonzera pneumonia yakanyanya uye kutadza kufema. Kana rukasarapwa nekukurumidza, pane mukana mukuru wekufa mukati memazuva mashoma.

Ndeupi musiyano mukuru uripo pakati peBubonic nePneumonic Plague?

Mhando dzese dziri mbiri dzinokonzereswa nemabhakitiriya akafanana, Yersinia pestis. Zvisinei, Bubonic Plague chirwere chinokonzerwa nemabhakitiriya chinowanikwa muma lymph nodes ako. Pneumonic Plague chirwere chinokonzerwa nemabhakitiriya chinowanikwa mumapapu ako. Musiyano mukuru inhengo yemuviri ine hutachiona.

Ndiani ane mukana mukuru wekuwana chirwere ichi?

Denda rinonyanya kubata vanhu vanogara munyika dzakasiyana siyana muAfrica, kunyanya munyika dzakadai seMadagascar neDemocratic Republic of the Congo .

Pamusoro pezvo, vanhu vanobatwa nechirwere ichi gore rega rega muAmerica neAsia. MuUnited States, chinowanzoitika kumaruwa ekumadokero kwenyika. Vanhu vanoshanda nemhuka, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinozivikanwa kuti dzine denda, vari panjodzi huru yekubata chirwere ichi.

Denda rakajairika zvakadini?

Denda richiripo, kunyange zvazvo risisiri kunyanya kukura sezvaraiita kare. Asi ikozvino harisi kunyanya kuwanda.Pasi rose, vanhu vanosvika chiuru kusvika chiuru vanobatwa nedenda gore rega rega. MuUnited States, vanhu vanosvika chiuru vanobatwa nedenda iri vanobatwa gore rega rega. Saka, hapana chikonzero chekuvhunduka zvakanyanya, asi kuziva kwakakosha.

Denda rinokanganisa sei muviri?

Kana bhakitiriya rinonzi `Yersinia pestis` rikapinda mumuviri wako, rinotanga ravanda kubva kumasoja emuviri wako . Izvi zvinoita kuti riwande zvakasununguka uye ripararire mumuviri wako wese. Kana bhakitiriya rikapinda musero, rinoburitsa 'toxin' inouraya sero.

Nenzira iyi, bhakitiriya rinonzi `Yersinia pestis` rinogona:

• Isa utachiona muma lymph nodes ako (bubonic plague), izvo zvinokonzera kuzvimba kukuru kunonzi 'buboes'.
• Pinda muropa rako (septic plague), iyo inogona kukuvadza nhengo dzako dzemuviri.
• Pinda mumapapu ako (pneumonia plague), iyo inogona kukonzera kuzvimba kwakanyanya uye kuoma kwekufema.

Nderipi denda rakaipisisa munhoroondo?

Denda rakaipisisa munhoroondo rinoonekwa sedenda rakapararira muEurope, Asia, neNorth Africa pakati pemakore ekuma1300 . Panguva iyoyo, mamiriyoni evanhu akafa naro. Chimwe chikonzero cheizvi ndechekuti vanhu vainyanya kubatwa nezvirwere nekuda kwekusachena uye kushomeka kwechikafu panguva iyoyo. Rakapararira kubva kune imwe nyika kuenda kune imwe kuburikidza nenzira dzekutengeserana.

Kazhinji, kana mumwe munhu akataura nezve "denda," anenge achireva denda iri. Rinonziwo "Black Death."

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvePlague?

Zvimwe zviratidzo zvechirwere chedenda zvinowanikwa kune marudzi ese ezvirwere. Kunewo zviratidzo zvinosiyana zvichienderana nekuti une chirwere chebubonic, septicemic, kana pneumonia.

Zviratidzo zvakajairika:

• Kupindwa nechando
• Kutonhora
• Musoro nekurwadziwa kwemuviri
• Kushaya simba uye kuneta zvakanyanya (Kuneta)
• Dzungu
• Kusvotwa, kurutsa uye manyoka

Zviratidzo chaizvo:

• Denda reBubonic: Matumbu elymph (mabuboes) akazvimba uye anorwadza.
• Denda reSepticemic: Kurwadziwa kwemudumbu, kubuda ropa mumhino, muromo, kana pasi peganda. Dzimwe nguva minwe, maoko, netsoka zvinogona kuita dema (`ronda rinopinda mudumbu`).
• Pneumonic plague: Kutadza kufema, kurwadziwa pachipfuva, kukosora, uye manyoka ane ropa kana mvura.

Denda rinoita sei kana rikaitika?

Kuonekwa kwechirwere ichi kunosiyana zvichienderana nekuti chikamu chipi chemuviri wako chabatwa nacho.

Denda remanyokaRonda rinogona kuitika. Nyama dzako dzinofa. Minwe yako, maoko, zvigunwe, makumbo, kana zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri zvinogona kuita dema .

Kana uine chirwere chebubonic plague , uchaona rimwe kana akawanda ma lymph nodes akakura kwazvo, anooneka zvakajeka . Vanhu vazhinji vanoshandisa mifananidzo yepakati nepakati kuratidza chirwere chebubonic plague, asi vanhu vari mumifananidzo iyoyo vanoita sekuti vane maronda mumuviri wavo wese. Handizvo zvakaita chirwere ichi. (Mifananidzo iyoyo yakakurumbira inowanzo ratidza "smallpox" kana "maperembudzi.")

Chii chinokonzera denda iri?

Denda rinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya rinonzi Yersinia pestis. Makonzo nedzimwe mhuka dzine bhakitiriya rinonzi Y. pestis. Asi vanhu vanobatwa nekurumwa nezvipembenene, zvakaita senhata kana inda , zvinotakura bhakitiriya. Mabhakitiriya eY. pestis anopinda muma lymph nodes ako, muropa, kana mumapapu uye anokurwarisa.

Denda rinoparadzirwa sei?

Mabhakitiriya anokonzera chirwere chedenda, `Y. pestis`, anogona kutapuriranwa kubva kumhuka kuenda kuvanhu kana kubva kune vamwe vanhu. Unogona kuwana chirwere chedenda nenzira idzi:

• Kubva pakurumwa nenhata kana inda: Kana nhata yakaruma gonzo kana imwe mhuka ine `Y. pestis` inobva yakuruma.
• Kubva zvakananga kumhuka ine hutachiona: Kuburikidza nekubata mvura yemuviri kana nyama (semuenzaniso ropa, nyama) yemhuka ine hutachiona.
• Kubva kune mumwe munhu: Kana mumwe munhu aine bhakitiriya rinonzi 'Y. pestis' mumapapu ake (pneumonia plague), unogona zvakare kutapukirwa kana akakosora kana kuhotsira.

Mhuka dzinogonawo kubata denda kubva kune dzimwe mhuka.

Ndedzipi mhuka dzinobereka denda?

Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti makonzo chete ndiwo anogona kuparadzira denda. Zvisinei, dzimwe mhuka dzakawanda dzinogona kutakura nekuparadzira denda. Zvichienderana nekwaunogara, mhuka dzine mukana wekuwana denda dzinogona kusiyana. Tsvagiridzo yakaratidza kuti denda rinogona kukanganisa mhuka idzi:

• Makonzo: Mhuka dzakadai sembeva, imbwa dzemumapurazi, tsindi, gerbils, uye nguruve dzemuGuinea.
• Dzimwe mhuka diki dzinoyamwisa.
• Imbwa nekatsi dzinochengetwa kudzimba. (Hongu, mhuka dzedu dzinogonawo kuwana izvi!)
• Mhembwe.
• Ngamera.

Denda chirwere chinotapukira here?

Denda reBubonic nedenda reSeptic hazvitapurirwi zvakananga kubva kumunhu mumwe kuenda kune mumwe. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hauzorwari nekubata kana kutaura nemunhu ane denda iri (chenjerera nhata!).

Zvisinei, chirwere chepneumonia chinotapukira. Chinopararira kana munhu ane chirwere chepneumonia akakosora, akahotsira, uye akasangana naye padyo.Inogona kutapuriranwa kubva kumunhu kuenda kune mumwe. Inopararira sedzihwa, asi mhedzisiro yacho yakakomba zvikuru.

Denda ivhairasi here?

Kwete, chirwere chePlague hachisi hutachiona. Chinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya rinonzi Yersinia pestis.

Nzira yekuziva sei denda?

Chiratidzo chinowanzoonekwa chechirwere chebubonic plague i lymph node yakazvimba uye inorwadza inonzi `bubo`. Kana wakarumwa nenhata kana kuti uine `bubo,' chiremba wako anogona kufungidzira kuti chirwere ichi ndicho.

Paunoenda kunoona chiremba, iva nechokwadi chekuti wataura zvinhu izvi:

• Kana uchigara munzvimbo ine zvirwere zvedenda, kana kuti wakamboenda kunzvimbo yakadaro nguva pfupi yadarika.
• Une nhata.
• Kana wakambobata mhuka dzaunofunga kuti dzine chirwere ichi.
• Kana uine rimwe kana akawanda ma lymph nodes anorwadza, akazvimba mumuviri wako.

Kuongororwa kwezvirwere

Kuti aongorore chirwere ichi, chiremba wako achatora ropa rako, sputum, kana mvura kubva mu lymph node ozvitumira kurabhoritari kuti aone zviratidzo zvebhakitiriya reY. pestis.

Chirwere cheDenda chinorapwa sei?

Zvakakosha kurapa denda nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya nekukasika.

Chiremba wako achakupa mushonga kuburikidza netsinga (IV) kana sepiritsi. Zvichienderana nezviratidzo zvako uye zvinhu zvinokuvadza, unogona kutanga kushandisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya usati wawana mhinduro dzebvunzo. Nguva ndiyo inonyanya kukosha.

Mushonga upi unoshandiswa?

Chirwere chePlague chinorapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inonwiwa kana kuisirwa mutsinga. Chiremba wako anogona kukupa imwe kana kupfuura yemishonga iyi:

• `Ciprofloxacin`
• 'Levofloxacin'
• 'Moxifloxacin'
• `Doxycycline ( Doxycycline ( Doxycycline ( Doxycycline) )`
• `Gentamicin`
• 'Streptomycin'
• `Chloramphenicol`
• `Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole`

Ungazvidzivirira sei kubva kuchirwere ichi?

Unogona kuderedza njodzi yako yekubatwa nechirwere ichi nekudzivisa kurumwa nenhata uye kungwarira pakubata mhuka dzinogona kunge dziine chirwere ichi.

Heano zvimwe zvinhu zvaunogona kuita:

• Chenesa nzvimbo dzinogona kugara mhuka dzesango (semuenzaniso, mirwi yehuni, marara, makwenzi).
• Musasiya chikafu chezvipfuyo, uye musapa mhuka dzesango chikafu. Mhuka dzakaita semakonzo dzichauya mushure mekuona izvi.
• Kana uri panze, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine masango, shandisa mushonga wezvipembenene une DEET.
• Bvunza chiremba wemhuka yako nezvenzira dzekudzivirira nadzo kubva kunhata. Zvipfuyo, kusanganisira imbwa nekatsi, zvinogonawo kutakura denda.
• Kana uchibata mhuka (mhenyu kana dzakafa) dzaunofunga kuti dzine utachiona, iva nechokwadi chekupfeka magirovhosi.
• Kana uchigara munzvimbo ine denda, usarega mhuka dzako dzinovaraidza dzichifamba-famba panze.
• Kana uchifunga kuti ungave wakambobatwa nechirwere ichi, bvunza chiremba wako kana uchida kutora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kuti usarware.

Pane mushonga wekudzivirira denda here?

Majekiseni haashandiswi zvakanyanya kudzivirira denda. Masayendisiti ari kushanda pakugadzira majekiseni edenda anoshanda zvakanyanya.

Chii chinoitika kana paine denda?

Kana uine chirwere chepfungwa, unofanira kurapwa nekukasika. Kunyange zvazvo mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya ichishanda zvakanaka, une mukana wakanaka wekupora kana ukatanga kutora mushonga mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana kubva pakutanga kwezviratidzo . Unogonawo kupihwa oxygen kana mimwe mishonga yekudzora zviratidzo zvako.

Denda rinogara kwenguva yakareba sei?

Kana uchirapwa, unofanira kutanga kunzwa zviri nani mushure mevhiki imwe chete kana maviri. Mabubo (malymph nodes akazvimba) anokonzerwa nechirwere chebubonic plague anogona kutora mavhiki akati wandei kuti apore.

Matambudziko anokonzerwa nedenda

Matambudziko mazhinji edenda anoitika nekukurumidza uye anogona kuisa hupenyu panjodzi . Mamwe acho anosanganisira:

• Kufa kwenyama uye kurasikirwa nemakumbo nekuda kweronda rinonyenga.
• Kuzvimba kwemasero anofukidza uropi (meningitis).
• Kukundikana kwenhengo dzemukati.
• Kutadza kufema.

Ungadzivirira sei Denda iri?

Kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya nekukurumidza ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekudzivirira denda. Nekurapwa nekukurumidza, vanenge 90% yevarwere vane marudzi ese edenda vanopona.

Nhamba yekufa kwedenda iri yakaita sei?

Kana chirwere ichi chikasarapwa, chinowanzouraya. Nekurapwa, huwandu hwerufu rwechirwere chebubonic plague huri pakati pe5% ne15%. Pachirwere chemapapu neseptic, huwandu hwerufu hunosvika 50%. Saka, unoona kukosha kwekurapwa nekukurumidza, handiti?

Unofanira kuona chiremba rini?

Kana ukaona chimwe chezviratidzo izvi , tsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukasika :

• Kana uchifunga kuti wabatwa nedenda iri.
• Kana uchigara munzvimbo ine denda, kana kuti wamboenda kune imwe nzvimbo nguva pfupi yadarika, uye ikozvino uine zviratidzo zvedenda.

Mibvunzo ipi yandinofanira kubvunza chiremba wangu?

• "Kana ndichifunga kuti ndakambobatwa nedenda iri, ndinofanira kutora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya here?"
• "Ndichafanira kugara muchipatara here ndorapwa, kana kuti ndinogona kurapwa ndiri kumba here?"
• "Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvitsva kana kuti zviri kuchinja zvandinofanira kutarisa?"

Denda guru rinokonzerwa nedenda munhoroondo

Kune zvirwere zvitatu zvinozivikanwa zvikuru zvinokonzerwa neDenda munhoroondo:

1. Denda raJustinian: Kutanga kuma541 AD, kwakava nemafungu akawanda ezvirwere. Kunyangwe zvakaoma kutaura kuti vangani vakafa, zvinotendwa kuti denda iri rakauraya makumi emamiriyoni evanhu.

2. Denda reBlack Death: Rakatanga muna 1348. Vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni makumi maviri nemashanu vakafa muEurope chete.

3. Denda rechitatu redenda: Izvi zvakapararira kumakondinendi ese kunze kweAntarctica. Zvakauraya vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni gumi nemaviri muIndia neChina chete.

Pakupedzisira, yeuka izvi.

Kare, denda rakauraya mamiriyoni evanhu. Chirwere ichi chichiripo nanhasi. Zvisinei, nekuda kwehutsanana hwemazuva ano nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, huwandu hwevanhu vanofa nacho hwaderera zvikuru. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuwana kurapwa nekukurumidza .

Kana mumwe munhu akakuudza kuti, "Ndiri kudzivirira sedenda," unogona kumukorokotedza nekubata kwavo mhuka zvakachengeteka uye nzira dzekudzora nhata! Nekuti kuziva nekutora matanho ekudzivirira ndizvo zvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha.

'Denda, denda, Yersinia pestis, denda rebubonic, denda remanyoka, denda remapapu, nhata, zvirwere, zviratidzo, kurapwa