Wakambofunga zvakadzama nezvemate ari mumuromo mako here? Pamwe kwete, handiti? Asi waizviziva here kuti mate aya imvura inoshamisa inoita basa rakakosha mumuviri wedu. Patinotaura, patinodya, patinonakidzwa, zvese izvi hazviparadzanisike nezvinonzi mate. Saka, nhasi tichataura nezvemate aya, kureva `(mate)`, zvakadzama zvishoma.

Chii chinonzi mate? Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore...

Mate imvura inobuda mumate (anonziwo mate) mumuromo mako. Tinowanzoitumidza kuti "mate" kana kuti "choko." Kunyangwe iri mvura yakawanda, ine zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvakakosha kumiviri yedu, zvakaita semapuroteni nema enzymes.

Vanachiremba dzimwe nguva vanoedza mate ako kuti vaone nezvehutano hwako. Semuenzaniso, vanogona kutarisa huwandu hwe cortisol mumuviri wako, kana wakamboshandisa mimwe mishonga (mukuyedzwa kwemishonga), uye kana uine mavhairasi akaita seHIV kana zvimwe zvirwere. Hazvishamisi here izvozvo?

Mabhenefiti emate mumuviri wedu ndeapi?

Mate haasi mvura chete. Anobatsira zvikuru kwete chete pahutano hwemuromo wedu, asiwo pahutano hwedu hwese. Tarisa mabhenefiti aya.

Inobatsira kuchengetedza muromo nepahuro zvakanyorova uye zvakanaka

Mate anobatsira kuchengetedza membranes dzakapfava (mucosae) dziri mumuromo mako dzakanyorova uye dzisinganamati pamwe chete. Anoumbawo jira rinodzivirira mumuromo mako, richidzivirira kubva kuzvinhu zvinokuvadza zvakaita semabhakitiriya , chepfu, uye kukuvara.

Zvinoita kuti kudya nekumedza zvive nyore

Funga kuti zvaizova zvakaoma sei kumedza chikafu chaunodya dai chakaoma. Mate anonyorovesa chikafu, ochiita bhora diki (`(bolus)`), uye anoita kuti zvive nyore kupfuudza nepahuro, kureva kuti, nepaguropu (`(esophagus)`) uye mudumbu (`(dumbu)`). Pasina mate, kumedza chikafu kwaizova basa rakaoma zvikuru.

Kugaya chikafu kunotanga.

Waizviziva here kuti kugaya kunotanga mumuromo? Kune enzyme yakakosha inonzi amylase mumate. Izvi ndizvo zvinotanga kugaya chikafu chine starch (semuenzaniso mupunga, chingwa) chatinodya. Izvi zvinobatsira dumbu.

Inodzivirira kubva kuzvirwere

Mate ane imwe enzyme inokosha inonzi lysozyme . Izvi zvinoparadza marudzi akawanda emabhakitiriya uye zvinomisa kupararira kwehutachiona mumuromo. Nemamwe mashoko, zvinoshanda sechisikirwo chekudzivirira muromo wedu.

Inodzivirira mazino

Mate anoitawo basa guru kumeno edu. Calcium hydroxyapatite mumateMushonga uyu unodzivirira kurasikirwa necalcium kubva mumazino (`(demineralization)`). Mate anobatsirawo kugeza zvidimbu zvechikafu zvinosara mushure mekudya. Zvakare, mate anobatsira kuderedza kukuvara kwemazino kubva muzvikafu zvine acidic zvatinodya. Zvese izvi zvinoderedza njodzi yekuva nemaburi (`(maburi)`) uye chirwere chemazino (`(chirwere chemazino)`).

Inochengetedza pH yemuromo yakaringana

Mate anobatsira kuchengetedza pH (chiyero cheacidity/alkalinity) mumuromo medu pakati pe6.0 ne7.5. Patinodya mhando dzakasiyana dzechikafu, pH yezvikafu izvozvo inosiyana. Mate anobatsira kudzorera pH yemuromo padanho rakakodzera mushure mekunge chikafu chamedzwa.

Inobatsira kurapa maronda emuromo

Kana ukaita ronda mukati medama rako kana ronda diki mumuromo mako, mate anogona kubatsira kuti ripore nekukurumidza. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mamwe mapuroteni nezvinhu zvinokura mumate zvinobatsira pakugadzirazve nyama uye kukurumidzisa kupora kweronda.

Inobatsira kuravira chikafu

Kuti tinyatsoravira chikafu chakaoma, chinofanira kunge chakanyorova. Ndipo chete panogona kuti maburi erurimi rwedu akwanise kuona kuravira kwacho. Unyoro uhwu hunopihwa nemate.

Hazvishamisi here kuti mate anogona kubatsira sei miviri yedu? Zvingaita sechinhu chidiki, asi tarisa kuti zvinobatsira sei!

Mate aya anogadzirwa sei? Anobvepi?

Mate anogadzirwa, sezvatakambotaura, nemate ari mumuromo mako. Mate aya anogadzira mate oaburitsa mumuromo mako kuburikidza nemigwagwa midiki (ducts).

Tine mapeya matatu emasero makuru emate:

• Matumbu eParotid: Aya ari pamberi kwenzeve dzako, pedyo nematama ako. Aya ndiwo matumbu makuru emate . Mate anobva mumatumbu aya anobuda mumuromo mako pedyo nemazino ako ekumusoro.
• Matumbu emudumbu: Aya ari mushaya yepazasi. Mate anobva mumatumbu aya anoyerera mumuromo mako pasi perurimi rwako.
• Matumbu emukati memuromo: Aya ari pasi perurimi rwako, pasi pemuromo wako. Mate anobva mumatumbu aya anoyerera mumuromo mako pasi perurimi rwako.

Matumbu matatu makuru aya anoburitsa 90% yemate edu ese. 10% yasara inobva mumazana ematumbu madiki ari mumuromo. Paavhareji, munhu mukuru anoburitsa marita ari pakati pe0.5 ne1.5 (ndiko kuti, pakati pemakapu maviri ne6) pazuva.

Kugadzirwa kwemate kunodzorwa sei?

Kugadzirwa kwemate kunonyanya kudzorwa neAutonomic Nervous System (ANS).Iyi ndiyo sisitimu inodzora mashandiro emuviri wedu asingafungi (akadai sekufema nekurova kwemoyo) atisingafungi nezvawo. Sisitimu iyi inoshanda patinenge takarara uye patinenge takamuka.

Zvikamu zviviri zvehurongwa hwetsinga hwemuviri zvinokanganisa kugadzirwa kwemate:

• Sisitimu yetsinga inonzwira tsitsi: Sisitimu iyi inoshanda munguva dzenjodzi, kunyanya kana tichinzwa kushushikana kana kutya. Tinoidaidza kuti "kurwisa kana kutiza". Sisitimu iyi painokurudzirwa, inoburitsa mate akakora, anonamira. Unoyeuka here paunonzwa muromo wako waoma kana uchitya kana kunetseka? Ndosaka.
• Sisitimu yetsinga yeParasympathetic: Izvi zvinoita zvakasiyana nesisitimu yekare. Ndiyo inokonzera maitiro emuviri e "kuzorora nekugaya". Kana sisitimu iyi ikakurudzirwa, inogadzira mate akawanda ane mvura. Rudzi urwu rwemate ndirwo runoita kuti zvive nyore kudya nekumedza chikafu.

Kazhinji, kukurudzira kwehurongwa hwetsinga dzeropa hunokonzera kushushikana (parasympathetic nervous system) kunobatsira zvikuru uye kwenguva refu pakugadzirwa kwemate.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kugadzirwa kwemate here?

Ehe, zvimwe zvinhu zvezuva nezuva nezvekudya zvinokanganisawo huwandu hwemate anogadzirwa.

• Kana ukadya chikafu chinovava , maronda ako emumate anoburitsa mate akawanda. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti chikafu chinovava chine acid yakawanda. Saka, mate akawandisa anodzikisa acid, zvichideredza kukuvara kwaangaita kumazino ako nekugaya chikafu.
• Paunofunga nezvechikafu, kunyanya chikafu chaunofarira, muromo wako unotanga kusvipa mate, handiti? Izvozvo zvine chekuitawo neizvi.
• Mate gland anonyanya kushanda masikati. Husiku, mate anoderera zvakanyanya. Vaongorori vanotenda kuti iyi inzira ine chekuita nerhythm yemuviri wedu yezuva nezuva (`(circadian rhythm)`).

Chii chiri mumate?

Mate i99% yemvura, 1% yasara iri mapuroteni, maelectrolyte , nezvimwe zvinhu.

Vaongorori vakaona marudzi anopfuura chiuru emapuroteni ari mumate. Zvisinei, anenge 10% chete ndiwo aripo muhuwandu hwawo. Mapuroteni aya mamorekuru akakura, akaomarara anoita mabasa akawanda mukati memasero. Heano mamwe emhando huru dzemapuroteni anowanikwa mumate:

• Amylase: Iyi ndiyo enzyme yatakambotaura nezvayo inobatsira kugaya makabhohaidhiretsi. Inogadzirwa zvakanyanya nepancreas nemate glands.
• Mapuroteni ane proline yakawanda (PRPs): Aya ndiwo mhuri huru yemapuroteni emate anogadzirwa nematumbu eparotid nepasi pemazamu. Anoumba inenge 70% yemapuroteni ese ari mumate. Semuenzaniso, maPRP ane acidic anoumba firimu rekudzivirira (pellicle) pamusoro pemazino.
• Mapeptide ekudzivirira muviri: Aya ndiwo chikamu chesimba remuviri wedu rekudzivirira zvirwere. Akakosha pakurwisa hutachiona nekuzvimba.
• MaMucin: Mapuroteni makuru aya anochengetedza zvinhu zviri mumuromo, zvakaita serurimi nemazino, zvichitsvedza (zvinozorwa). Anoshanda sechidziviriro chemuviri chekudzivirira kubva kumabhakitiriya, fungi, nemavhairasi ane njodzi.
• IgA inoburitswa mumasero: Iyi iantibody. Inosunga uye inotonga utachiona hunokuvadza (hutachiona) uye utachiona husina njodzi (commensal microbes) mumuromo. Icho chinhu chakakosha chekudzivirira kwedu.

Pamusoro peizvi, mate anewo zvimwe zvinhu zve organic:

• Glucose (shuga)
• Urea (tsvina)
• Cortisol ("hormone yekushungurudzika")
• Mahormone epabonde (semuenzaniso estrogen, testosterone)
• Zvinhu zvinoenderana nerudzi rweropa rako.

Ndezvipi zvinetso zvehutano zvinowanzobatanidzwa nemate?

Mamwe matambudziko ehutano uye marapirwo ekurapa (semuenzaniso, mimwe mishonga, kurapwa nemwaranzi) zvinogona kukanganisa huwandu uye kunaka kwemate ako.

Matambudziko maviri makuru emate ndeekuti kusanyanya kukora uye kusanyanya kukora. Pamatambudziko aya, kusanyanya kukora ndiko kunonyanya kuitika. Matambudziko ese aya anogona kuva enguva pfupi kana kuti enguva refu.

Kudzikira kwemate (hyposalivation)

Izvi zvinoreva kuti matinji ako haasi kugadzira mate akakwana. Izvi zvinonziwo xerostomia , zvinoreva muromo wakaoma .

Chii chinoitika kana mate aderera?

Kana kugadzirwa kwemate kwaderera, matambudziko akasiyana-siyana anogona kuitika:

• Mweya unonhuwa (halitosis)
• Kusagadzikana kwemuromo nehuro
• Matambudziko ehutano hwemuromo: maburi, kuora kwezino, zvimwe zvirwere zvemuromo
• Kusagadzikana kune avo vanopfeka mazino ekugadzira
• Kuoma kutaura nekumedza

Ndezvipi zvinokonzera kudzikira kwemate?

Kushaya mvura mumuviri ndicho chikonzero chikuru. Pamusoro pezvo:

• Zvimwe zvirwere zve autoimmune: Semuenzaniso, Sjögren's syndrome, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis.
• Utachiona hwemavhairasi: `(HIV)`, hepatitis C `(hepatitis C)`.
• Chirwere cheshuga: Izvi zvinokonzera kuti huwandu hweshuga muropa hurambe huchikwira, zvichikonzera kushaya mvura mumuviri.
• Chirwere cheAlzheimer.
• Kukwira kweropa (BP).

Pamusoro pezvo, muromo wakaoma unogona kukonzera mhedzisiro yemishonga inopfuura 500. Mimwe yemishonga inowanzo kukonzera muromo wakaoma inosanganisira:

• Mishonga yekuderedza kuzvidya mwoyo uye mishonga yekudzora kushungurudzika.
• Mishonga yeAnticholinergics: Iyi inopihwa kune zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira kusazvidzora weti, kushanda zvakanyanya kwedundira, uye COPD.
• Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, mishonga inobvisa kudzimbira, uye mimwe mishonga inoderedza marwadzo.
• Mimwe mishonga yeBP, yakaita se beta-blockers.
• Mishonga yekurapa kenza nemakemikari.
• Mishonga yekurapa chirwere cheParkinson.

Kurapa nemwaranzi yekenza yemusoro nemutsipa ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekuderera kwemate.

Kuwedzera kwemate (hypersalivation)

Izvi zvinonziwo sialorrhea . Apa ndipo apo matinji anoburitsa mate akawandisa. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera mate. Zvisinei, mate akawandisa haasiriyo ega anokonzera mate. Izvi zvinogonawo kuitika kana dzimwe tsandanyama dzemuromo kana pahuro dzisina simba. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei vacheche vachirasa mate.

Chii chinoitika kana mate akawandisa?

Kana kudonha kwemvura kwakanyanya kana kuti kwenguva refu, kunogona kukonzera matambudziko ehutano. Semuenzaniso, kunogona kukonzera chirwere cheganda chinonzi angular cheilitis, chinokonzera maronda anorwadza, akatsemuka pamakona emuromo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko zvakanyanya, mate akawandisa anogona kupinda mumhepo, zvichikonzera kudzipwa kana aspiration pneumonia .

Ndezvipi zvinokonzera kuwanda kwemate?

Mimwe mishonga, kunyanya mishonga yekurapa chirwere chepfungwa, inogona kukonzera mate akawandisa semhedzisiro. Muenzaniso wemushonga uyu ndeweClozapine.

Uye zvakare, mamiriro aya anogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwemate:

• Makomba asina kurapwa: Makomba anogona kukonzera mabhakitiriya kukura mumuromo, izvo zvinogona kukurudzira matumbu emate kuti abudise mate akawanda mukuedza kuchenesa muromo.
• Chirwere cheGastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Apa ndipo apo acid yemudumbu inodzokera kumusoro mugurokuro. Mate glands anobva agadzira mate akawanda kudzivirira acid kuti isadzokere kumusoro mumuromo.
• Kusvotwa: Kana uchinzwa kuda kurutsa, maronda ako emumate anoburitsa mate akawanda kuti adzivirire acid yemudumbu inouya nekurutsa kuti isakuvadze mukati memuromo wako.
• Kubata Pamuviri: Munguva yekuzvitakura, kugadzirwa kwemate kunogona kuwedzera kwenguva pfupi. Mate anobuda mumuromo anonyanya kukurudzirwa panguva iyi. Uyewo, kuda kurutsa panguva yekuzvitakura kunogona kukonzera kugadzirwa kwemate.

Unofanira kuona chiremba riini kana uine dambudziko remate?

Kana mukanwa makaoma kana kuti mate akawandisa, uye zvikaramba zvakadaro, iva nechokwadi chekuona chiremba. Anogona kukuongororai, kuita mimwe miedzo kana zvichidikanwa, uye kuona chikonzero chacho. Vanogona kukurudzirai kurapwa kwakakodzera.

Sei mate angu achiita kunge akakora?

Mate anokora uye anonamira, kazhinji kana mvura yaro yaderera. Dzimwe nguva, kunzwa uku "kwakakora" uye "kunamira" kunogonawo kunzwikwa kana mate akasanganiswa netsvina.

Panogona kunge paine zvikonzero zvakawanda zveizvi. Zvinhu zvakaita sekushaya mvura mumuviri, kusvuta, uye allergies dzisingaperi. Chinhu chikuru chekuita kuti uderedze kukobvu kwemate ako kunwa mvura yakawanda. Zvisinei, kana uine mate akobvu anoramba aripo, zvakanaka kutaura nachiremba. Panogona kunge paine chimwe chikonzero chiripo.

Pakupedzisira, zvinhu zvekurangarira

Mate chinhu chatisingawanzo funga nezvacho zvakanyanya, kunze kwekunge tiine akawanda kana mashoma. Zvisinei, imvura inobatikana zvikuru inokosha kuhutano hwedu. Kana uine zvinokunetsa kana mibvunzo nezvemate ako kana hutano hwemuromo, usanyara kana kutya kutaura nachiremba wako. Iye anogona kukubatsira.

Muromo une hutano hwakanaka kutanga kwakanaka kwemuviri une hutano! Saka usakanganwa kukosha kwemate.

Mate , maronda emumuromo, hutano hwemuromo, muromo wakaoma, kuwanda kwemate, kugaya