Waxaad u badan tahay inaad maqashay ' testosterone ' `( testosterone )'. Waa erey inta badan la xiriira firfircoonida ragga, xoogga, iyo muuqaalka jirka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hoormoonkan muhiimka ah kuma koobna ragga. Aan eegno waxa testosterone dhab ahaantii yahay, sida uu u shaqeeyo, iyo sida uu u saameeyo jirkaaga.
Waa maxay Testosterone-ka dhabta ah?
Si aan u fahanno doorkeeda, aan ku bilowno aasaaska. Si fudud haddii loo dhigo, testosterone waa hoormoon . Waxaa inta badan soo saara qanjidhadaada galmada, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan 'gonads'-gaaga. Si gaar ah, waxaa lagu soo saaraa xiniinyaha '(xiniinyaha)' ragga, iyo ugxan-sidaha '( ugxan-sidaha )' dumarka.
Intaa waxaa dheer, qanjidhada adrenal-kaagu waxay soo saaraan hoormoon loo yaqaan dehydroepiandrosterone `(Dehydroepiandrosterone – DHEA)`. Kadibna jirkaagu wuxuu u beddelaa `(DHEA)` hoormoono kale, oo ay ku jiraan testosterone iyo estrogen `(estrogen)`.
Testosterone waa hormoonka ugu horreeya ee androgen-ka (androgen) . Androgen-ku waa hoormoon kiciya horumarinta astaamaha ragga. Sababtaas awgeed, raggu si dabiici ah ayay jidhkooda ugu leeyihiin heerar aad u sarreeya oo testosterone ah.
Testosterone ma yahay Steroid?
Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad la yaabto, "Testosterone ma steroid baa?" Haa, testosterone-ka dabiiciga ah runtii waa steroid - gaar ahaan loo kala saaro steroid anabolic-androgenic `(steroid anabolic-androgenic)`. "Anabolic" `(Anabolic)` waxay tilmaamaysaa dhisidda murqaha, halka "androgenic" `(androgenic)` ay tilmaamayso horumarinta astaamaha jinsiga labka.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka dadku si caadi ah u tixraacaan "steroids anabolic" `(steroids anabolic)`, waxay badanaa ka hadlaan noocyada synthetic (dadku sameeyeen) ee testosterone-ka lagu sameeyay shaybaar. Kuwani waa walxaha mararka qaarkood lagu duro ama si aan habboonayn loo qaato.
Marka laga eego dhinaca caafimaadka, xirfadlayaasha daryeelka caafimaadku waxay qoraan testosterone macmal ah si loo daaweeyo loona maareeyo xaalado caafimaad oo kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, waa qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee loo isticmaalo daaweynta hoormoonka masculinizing `(daaweynta hoormoonka masculinizing)`.
Nasiib darro, qaar ka mid ah ciyaartoyda iyo jir-dhiseyaasha ayaa si xun u isticmaala testosterone-ka synthetic (steroids anabolic) qiyaaso badan si ay u kordhiyaan waxqabadka ama u beddelaan muuqaalkooda jireed. Noocan si xun u isticmaalka daroogada ah wuxuu keeni karaa waxyeellooyin daran. Waqti ka dib, waxay sababi kartaa dhibaatooyin caafimaad oo khatar ah sida xinjirowga dhiigga (xinjirowga dhiigga)', istaroogga '(istaroogga)', waxayna kordhin kartaa khatarta kansarka qanjirka '(kansarka qanjirka 'prostate ')'. Isticmaalka walxahan iyada oo aan la kormeerin caafimaad waa mid aad khatar u ah oo aan waligiis lagu talin.
Maxay Testosterone ku samaysaa Jirkaaga?
Haddaba, waa maxay doorka saxda ah ee testosterone `(Testosterone)` ee jirkaaga? Shaqooyinkeedu way isbeddelaan oo way la qabsadaan marxaladaha kala duwan ee noloshaada. Aan eegno sida ay u shaqeyso marxaladahan muhiimka ah:
- Horumarka uurjiifka `(Horumarka uurjiifka)`
- Qaangaarnimada ragga `(Balanqaadnimada carruurta labka ah)`
- Qaangaarnimada `(Qangaarnimada)`
Doorka Testosterone ee Horumarinta Uurjiifka
Marka uurjiifku ku korayo ilmo-galeenka, hidda-wadaha go'aamiya jinsiga ee ku jira koromosoomka Y ayaa kiciya horumarinta xiniinyaha '(xiniinyaha)' ee uurjiifyada labka ah qiyaastii toddobo toddobaad oo uur ah. Xiniinyahani waxay markaa bilaabaan inay soo saaraan testosterone.
Inta lagu jiro marxaladdan uurjiifka, testosterone ayaa ugu horreyn mas'uul ka ahsi loo hago horumarinta xubnaha taranka gudaha iyo dibadda ee ragga.
Testosterone-ka xilliga qaangaarnimada ragga
Marka wiilku qaangaaro, testosterone-ku wuxuu kiciyaa isbeddellada jireed ee soo noqnoqda. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah:
- Koritaan degdeg ah oo dherer ah.
- Kobaca timaha jirka, wejiga, iyo kuwa bislaaday.
- Ballaarinta guska `(guska)`, xiniinyaha `(xiniinyaha)`, iyo qanjirka 'prostate' `(qanjirka 'prostate')`.
- Kordhinta rabitaanka galmada `(libido)` iyo wacyigelinta galmada.
Testosterone ee Ragga Dadka Waaweyn
Marka ay qaangaaraan, raggu waxay u baahan yihiin testosterone si ay u soo saaraan shahwada . Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay ka caawisaa:
- Jidhkaaga u muuji inuu soo saaro unugyo dhiig oo cas oo cusub.
- Lafo xoog leh iyo muruqyo xoog leh.
- Xakameyso rabitaanka galmada `(libido)` oo taageer niyadda deggan.
Testosterone-ka Haweenka Dadka Waaweyn
Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad isweydiiso, "Haweenku ma u baahan yihiin testosterone sidoo kale?" Dabcan. Haweenka, testosterone waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartaa ilaalinta rabitaanka galmada '(libido)'. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta badan testosterone-ka ay soo saaraan ugxan-sidaha '(ugxan-sidaha)' waxaa loo beddelaa estradiol '(estradiol)' , kaas oo ah hoormoonka galmada ee ugu horreeya dheddigga.
Sidee loo nidaamiyaa heerka testosterone-kaaga?
Sidee ayuu jirkaagu u ilaaliyaa heerarka testosterone-ka dhiiggaaga ee '(Testosterone)'? Waxay ku tiirsan tahay nidaam jawaab celin gudaha ah oo aad u casrisan. Caadiyan, heerarka testosterone-kaagu waxay ugu sarreeyaan subaxdii waxayna si tartiib tartiib ah hoos ugu dhacaan marka maalintii sii socoto.
Xaddiga testosterone-ka ee ay soo saaraan oo ay sii daayaan gonads-kaaga `(gonads)`—xiniinyahaaga `(xiniinyaha)` ama ugxan-sidaha `(ugxan-sidaha)`—waxaa xukuma laba meelood oo muhiim ah oo maskaxdaada ah: hypothalamus `(Hypothalamus)` iyo qanjirka 'pituitary' (qanjirka 'pituitary')`.
Waa kan eegmo tallaabo-tallaabo ah oo ku saabsan sida habkani u shaqeeyo:
1. Hypothalamus-kaaga `(Hypothalamus)` wuxuu sii daayaa hoormoonka sii daaya gonadotropin `(Hormoonka sii daaya gonadotropin - GnRH)`.
2. Tani `(GnRH)` waxay calaamad u tahay qanjirka 'pituitary' inuu sii daayo hoormoonka luteinizing `(Hormoonka luteinizing - LH)`.
3. `(LH)` waxay ku dhex socotaa dhiiggaaga ilaa gonads-kaaga `(gonads)`, taasoo kicinaysa inay soo saaraan oo ay sii daayaan testosterone. (Ugxan-sidaha dumarka, `(LH)` waxay inta badan kicisaa soo saarista estrogen `(estrogen)` iyo progesterone `(progesterone)`.)
Marka heerarka testosterone-ka dhiiggaagu kor u kaco, waxay calaamad u yihiin hypothalamus-ka si loo yareeyo sii deynta `(GnRH)`. Wareeggan jawaab celinta taban wuxuu kaa caawinayaa inaad testosterone-kaaga ku hayso heer caafimaad qaba, isagoo u dhaqma sida heerkulbeeg otomaatig ah .
Haddii qayb ka mid ah wareeggan - hypothalamus `(Hypothalamus)`, qanjirka 'pituitary gland', ama gonads `(gonads)` - aysan si sax ah u shaqeyneynin, waxay keeni kartaa heerar testosterone oo aan caadi ahayn.
Imtixaannadee ayaa cabbira heerarka Testosterone-ka?
Haddii bixiyahaaga daryeelka caafimaad uu ka shakiyo in heerarka testosterone-kaaga (Testosterone) ay ka baxsan yihiin heerka caadiga ah, waxay ku talin karaan hal ama in ka badan oo baaritaan dhiig ah, oo ay ku jiraan:
- Baaritaanka dhiigga ee testosterone oo dhan `(Tijaabada dhiigga ee testosterone oo dhan)`: Tan waxaa badanaa la sameeyaa subaxdii marka heerarka testosterone-kaagu ay ugu sarreeyaan.
- Baaritaanka dhiigga ee hoormoonka kiciya follicle-ka `(Hormoonka kiciya follicle-ka - FSH)`.
- Baaritaanka dhiigga ee hoormoonka luteinizing `(Hormoonka luteinizing – LH)`.
Waa maxay Heerarka Testosterone-ka Caadiga ah marka loo eego Da'da?
Waa maxay heerarka tixraaca caadiga ah ee testosterone `(Testosterone)`? Qiimahan waxaa lagu cabbiraa nanograms halkii desiliter `(ng/dL)`.
Fadlan maskaxda ku hayin waxa loo arko "caadi" ay wax yar kala duwanaan karaan iyadoo ku xiran baaritaanka dhiigga ee gaarka ah ee la isticmaalay iyo shaybaarka '(shaybaarka)' ee falanqeynaya muunaddaada. Dhakhtarkaagu had iyo jeer wuxuu fasiri doonaa natiijooyinkaaga iyadoo lagu saleynayo heerarka tixraaca gaarka ah ee uu bixiyo shaybaarka baaritaanka. Haddii aad wax walaac ah ka qabto lambarradaada, waxaa ugu wanaagsan inaad si toos ah ugala hadasho bixiyahaaga daryeelka caafimaadka.
Hoos waxaa ku qoran tilmaamo guud oo loogu talagalay heerarka testosterone caadiga ah:
Heerarka Testosterone-ka Caadiga ah ee Ragga `(ng/dL)`:
- 0 ilaa 5 bilood: 75 - 400
- 6 bilood ilaa 9 sano: Wax ka yar 7 sano
- 10 ilaa 11 sano: 7 - 130
- 12 ilaa 13 sano: 7 - 800
- 14 sano: 7 - 1,200
- 15 ilaa 16 sano: 100 - 1,200
- 17 ilaa 18 sano: 300 - 1,200
- 19+ sano: 240 - 950
Heerarka Testosterone-ka Caadiga ah ee Dumarka `(ng/dL)`:
- 0 ilaa 5 bilood: 20 - 80
- 6 bilood ilaa 9 sano: Wax ka yar 7 sano
- 10 ilaa 11 sano: 7 - 44
- 12 ilaa 16 sano: 7 - 75
- 17 ilaa 18 sano: 20 - 75
- 19+ sano: 8 - 60
Fadlan ogow: Lambarradani waa tirooyin tixraac guud. La hadalka bixiyahaaga daryeelka caafimaadka waa habka ugu wanaagsan ee lagu fahmi karo waxa natiijooyinkani uga dhigan yihiin astaantaada caafimaad ee gaarka ah.
Maxaa sababa heerarka sare ee testosterone?
Xaalado caafimaad oo dhowr ah ayaa sababi kara in jirkaagu soo saaro testosterone xad-dhaaf ah (Testosterone)'. Waa kuwan qaar ka mid ah sababaha ugu badan:
- Cudurka Ugxan-sidaha Polycystic `(Cudurka Ugxan-sidaha Polycystic – PCOS)`: Kani waa dheelitir la'aan hormoon oo aad u badan oo saameysa dadka qaba ugxan-sidaha. Ugxan-sidaha waxay soo saaraan xad-dhaaf ah oo ah androgens `(androgens)`, gaar ahaan testosterone. Isku dheelitir la'aantani waxay sababi kartaa astaamo sida koritaanka timaha oo aan loo baahnayn, finanka, iyo caadada oo aan caadi ahayn.
- Adrenal Hyperplasia oo ku dhalata `(Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia – CAH)`: `(CAH)` waa koox ka mid ah cudurrada hidde-sidaha `(isbeddellada hidde-sidaha)` oo keena yaraanta ensaymada muhiimka ah `(ensaymada)` ee qanjidhada adrenal. Ensaymadan waxaa loo baahan yahay si loo sameeyo cortisol `(cortisol)`—hoormoonka ka caawiya jirkaaga inuu ka jawaabo walbahaarka. La'aantood, qanjidhada adrenal waxay si xad dhaaf ah u soo saaraan hoormoono kale, oo ay ku jiraan testosterone.
- Burooyinka ugxan-sidaha ama xiniinyaha `(Burooyinka ugxan-sidaha ama xiniinyaha)`: Burooyinka qaarkood ee ugxan-sidaha ama xiniinyaha ayaa si firfircoon u soo saari kara xaddi badan oo androgens ah `(androgen)`.
- Burooyinka adrenal `(Burooyinka adrenal)`: In kasta oo ay dhif tahay, haddana burooyinka qaarkood ee ku jira qanjidhada adrenal waxay soo saari karaan hoormoonno galmo oo xad dhaaf ah, oo ay ku jiraan androgens (testosterone), estrogen `(estrogen)`, ama labadaba.
Saamaynta testosterone-ka oo kordha (Testosterone) ee jirkaaga aad ayay u kala duwan tahay iyadoo ku xiran jinsiga aad ku dhalatay iyo da'daada.
Testosterone Sare ee Ragga
Ragga qaangaarka ah, heerarka testosterone ee dabiiciga ah ee sarreeya waa kuwo naadir ah oo caadi ahaan ma soo bandhigaan calaamado la dareemi karo oo kaligood ah.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii wiilasha yaryar ay leeyihiin heerar testosterone oo aad u sarreeya, waxay kicin kartaa qaangaarnimada hore (hore) `(qaangaarnimada hore)` , taasoo la micno ah in qaangaarnimadu ay bilaabato ka hor da'da sagaal jirka.
Testosterone Sare ee Dumarka
Carruurta dheddigga ah, heerarka testosterone-ka ee aadka u sarreeya waxay sababi karaan xubinta taranka oo aan caddayn, sida kintirka oo weynaaday `(kintir)`. Gabdhaha yaryar, waxay sidoo kale u horseedi kartaa qaangaarnimo hore (hore) `(qaangaarnimo hore)`, iyadoo qaangaarnimadu ay bilaabato ka hor da'da siddeed jirka.
Haweenka qaangaarka ah, testosterone-ka oo kordha badanaa waa calaamad muhiim ah oo muujinaysa Polycystic Ovary Syndrome `(PCOS)` . Tani waa xaalad aad u baahsan, oo saameysa ilaa 15% dumarka da'da taranka ku jira.
`(PCOS)` waxay keeni kartaa astaamo sida:
- Finan daran `(Fin)`.
- Koritaan timo oo xad dhaaf ah oo ka yimaada wejiga iyo jidhka (xaalad loo yaqaan hirsutism `(hirsutism)`).
- Caadada aan caadiga ahayn ama aan la helin `(Caadada aan caadiga ahayn)`.
- Timaha oo khafiifiya ama bidaar noqda qaabka ragga.
- Cod qoto dheer.
Maxaa dhacaya haddii heerarka testosterone-kaagu hooseeyo?
Aan ka wada hadalno waxa dhaca marka heerarka testosterone (Testosterone) ay ka hooseeyaan heerka caadiga ah . Guud ahaan, testosterone hooseeya wuxuu keenaa calaamado la dareemi karo oo inta badan ku dhaca ragga, xaalad caafimaad ahaan loo yaqaan hypogonadism ragga `(hypogonadism ragga)`.
Waxaa jira laba nooc oo kala-soocid aasaasi ah oo ah hypogonadism-ka ragga `(hypogonadism-ka ragga)`: classical (kaas oo noqon kara mid dhalasho ama la helay) iyo goor dambe.
Hypogonadism-ka ragga ee caadiga ah `(Hypogonadism-ka ragga ee caadiga ah)` wuxuu dhacaa marka xaalad caafimaad oo hoose, dhaawac, ama cudur uu saameeyo xiniinyaha `(xiniinyaha)`, qanjirka 'pituitary gland', ama hypothalamus `(hypothalamus)`. Tani waxay noqon kartaa mid lagu dhasho (laga bilaabo dhalashada, sida Klinefelter syndrome `(Klinefelter syndrome)` ama Kallmann syndrome `(Kallmann syndrome)`) ama laga helo nolosha dambe sababo la xiriira dhaawac, caabuq, ama cudurro kale (la helay).
Hoos u dhaca ragga ee daaha dambe `(dib u dhaca ragga ee daaha dambe)` wuxuu ku dhacaa sababo la xiriira gabowga iyo xaaladaha caafimaad ee la xiriira da'da, gaar ahaan cayilka `(cayilka)` iyo macaanka nooca 2aad `(nooca 2aad ee macaanka)`. Xaaladdan waxay saameysaa qiyaastii 2% ragga da'doodu ka weyn tahay 40 sano.
Calaamadaha testosterone-ka hooseeya waxay inta badan ku xiran yihiin goorta yaraanta ay bilaabato.
Testosterone-ka oo Yar Inta lagu jiro Horumarka Uurjiifka
Yaraanta testosterone-ka ee `(yaraanta testosterone-ka)` inta lagu jiro koritaanka uurjiifka ayaa ka hortagi karta sifooyinka caadiga ah ee jirka ragga inay si sax ah u sameysmaan. Tusaale weyn oo tan ah waa Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome `(Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome - AIS)`, kaas oo dhaca marka uurjiifka labka ah ee hidde ahaan uusan awoodin inuu ka jawaabo androgens `(androgens)` (hormoonada galmada labka).
`(AIS)` waxaa loo kala saaraa inay tahay cillad ku timaadda horumarka galmada `(cillad ku timaadda kala duwanaanshaha galmada)`. Waxay saamaysaa horumarka galmada ee ilmo-galeenka iyo inta lagu jiro qaan-gaarnimada. Sidaas darteed, xubnaha taranka ee ragga ee caadiga ah ayaa laga yaabaa inaysan si buuxda u kobcin, shakhsiyaadkana badanaa waxaa saameeya dhalmo la'aan `(dhalmo la'aan)` marka ay qaan-gaaraan.
Testosterone-ka Yar Inta Lagu Jiro Qaangaarnimada
Haddii wiil uu la kulmo yaraanta testosterone '(yaraanta Testosterone)' inta lagu jiro qaan-gaarnimada, waxay dib u dhigi kartaa ama carqaladeyn kartaa horumarka, taasoo keenta:
- Koritaanku wuu gaabiyaa, inkastoo gacmaha iyo lugaha ay si aan sinnayn u kori karaan marka loo eego jirridda.
- Timaha shisheeyaha iyo jirka oo yar ama maqan.
- Kobaca guska oo yaraada `(guska)` iyo xiniinyaha `(xiniinyaha)`.
- Ku guuldareysiga codka oo sii xoogeysta.
- Xoogga jirka iyo adkeysiga oo yaraada marka loo eego asxaabta.
Testosterone-ka Yar ee Ragga Dadka Waaweyn
In kasta oo hoos u dhac tartiib tartiib ah oo ku yimaada testosterone `(Testosterone)` uu yahay qayb dabiici ah oo ka mid ah gabowga, haddana hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimaada qaangaarnimada ayaa keeni kara calaamado la dareemi karo, oo ay ku jiraan:
- Lumis aan la garanayn oo muruqa ah iyo kororka dufanka jirka.
- Lumista timaha jirka iyo wejiga.
- Niyad-jab `(Niyad-jab)` ama xanaaq.
- Cilad Kacsi `(Cilad Kacsi)`.
- Dareen galmo oo hooseeya `(Dareen galmo oo hooseeya)`.
- Lafo khafiif ah ama jilicsan, oo loo yaqaan 'osteoporosis' (Osteoporosis)'.
- Dhibaato xoogsaarid ama isbeddelo ku yimaada xusuusta.
Goorma ayay tahay inaad la tashato dhakhtar ku saabsan heerarkaaga testosterone?
Haddii aad naftaada ku aragto mid ka mid ah calaamadaha testosterone-ka oo sarreeya ama hooseeya (Testosterone), waxaa aad loogu talinayaa inaad la hadasho dhakhtarkaaga . Waxay samayn karaan baaritaanno ku habboon ama waxay kuu gudbin karaan dhakhtar takhasus leh, sida dhakhtarka indhaha, si ay kaaga caawiyaan inaad hesho jawaabo.
Testosterone-ku waa lama huraan u ah fayoobaantaada guud iyo caafimaadka taranka. In kasta oo ay dabiici tahay in heerarka hoormoonkaaga ay is beddelaan da'da, haddana dheelitir la'aanta joogtada ah waxay sababi kartaa calaamado aan raaxo lahayn waxayna saameyn kartaa tayada noloshaada. Warka wanaagsani waa in daaweyn aad waxtar u leh la heli karo si loo caawiyo soo celinta dheelitirka.
Waxyaabaha Muhiimka ah ee Laga Filayo: Waxa Aad Xasuusan Karto
Aan soo koobno qodobbada ugu muhiimsan ee ku saabsan testosterone-ka ee ay tahay inaad maskaxda ku hayso:
- Testosterone `(Testosterone)` waa hoormoon muhiim u ah ragga iyo dumarka labadaba. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ku jirtaa heerar aad u sarreeya ragga waana lagama maarmaan u ah astaamaha jirka ee ragga.
- Waa steroid dabiici ah oo ku jira jirkaaga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si xun u isticmaalka steroids-ka anabolic ee synthetic-ga ah si loo kordhiyo waxqabadka waa khatar waxayna leedahay khataro caafimaad oo halis ah.
- Heerarka testosterone-ka ee sarreeya iyo kuwa hooseeya labaduba waxay sababi karaan dhibaatooyin caafimaad. Aqoonsiga sababta hoose iyadoo la kaashanayo dhakhtar ayaa fure u ah helitaanka daaweynta saxda ah.
- Haddii aad ka shakisan tahay inaad leedahay dheelitir la'aan hoormoon ama aad la kulanto calaamado aan caadi ahayn, ha ka labalabeyn ama ha dareemin ceeb inaad la hadasho xirfadle daryeel caafimaad. Dhakhtarkaagu wuxuu diyaar u yahay inuu ku caawiyo, raadinta hagitaan caafimaadna waa tallaabada ugu fiican ee aad qaadi karto.
Xusuusnow, mudnaanta koowaad siiya caafimaadkaaga waa calaamad muujinaysa xoog. Weligaa ha ka labalabeyn inaad la xiriirto xirfadle daryeel caafimaad mar kasta oo aad qabtid su'aalo ama walaac ku saabsan jirkaaga.
Tags: Testosterone, Hormoonada, Caafimaadka Ragga, Caafimaadka Haweenka, Qaangaarnimada, Hormoonada Galmada, Hypogonadism
