Ngaba amalungu omntwana wakho ahlala ebuhlungu? Makhe sithethe ngesifo samathambo esibizwa ngokuba yi-juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JIA)!

Ngaba umntwana wakho ukhalaza ngeentlungu zamalungu? Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha unengxaki yokuhamba kusasa? Ukuba kunjalo, olu lwazi luza kuba lubaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko enzima, kodwa elawulekayo echaphazela abantwana abancinci. Leyo yi-juvenile idiopathic arthritis, okanye njengoko thina oogqirha siyibiza, `(Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis)` okanye `(JIA)`.

Yintoni isifo samathambo esibizwa ngokuba yi-juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JIA)? Masiyiqonde ngokulula!

Ngamafutshane, `(JIA)` lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-arthritis ebantwaneni. Yimeko engapheliyo , oko kuthetha ukuba inokuchaphazela umntwana ixesha elide. Inokuchaphazela naliphi na ilungu emzimbeni womntwana.

Cinga nje, umzimba wethu unenkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba. Yiyo loo nto isikhusela kwizifo. Kodwa `(JIA)` sisifo esizikhusela ngokwazo . Oko kuthetha ukuba, inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba yomntwana ihlasela ngempazamo amalungu omzimba wayo, ingakumbi izicubu ze`(synovium)` kunye nolwelo lwamalungu ngaphakathi kwamalungu. Kufana nesela eliqhekeza indlu yakho.

Ngenxa yolu chaphazeleko, i-synovium ivelisa ulwelo oluninzi lwamalungu. Kulapho amalungu evuvuka khona, abe buhlungu, aze azive eqinile.

Olu hlobo lokusabela kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kunye nokuvuvukala okubangelwa kuko kunokuchaphazela izicwili ezingqongileyo, ekugqibeleni konakalise i-cartilage kunye namathambo. Olu hlobo lokuvuvukala lunokuchaphazela nezinye iindawo zomzimba womntwana, ingakumbi amehlo. Ukuba alunyangwa, i-JIA inokuphazamisa ukukhula nophuhliso lomntwana oluqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngonyango olufanelekileyo, umgangatho wobomi bomntwana unokuphucula kakhulu.

I-JIA lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-arthritis ebantwaneni. Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga nomnye kubantwana abali-1 000 eMelika kuphela unale meko.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze (JIA)?

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili ze-JIA. Ezi zahlulwe ngokweempawu kunye nenani lamalungu achaphazelekileyo. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.

I-JIA ye-Oligoarticular

Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-`(Oligoarthritis)`. Kolu hlobo , amalungu angaphantsi kwamahlanu ayachaphazeleka. Amaxesha amaninzi, amalungu afana namadolo, amaqatha, kunye neengqiniba ayachaphazeleka. Ingachaphazela namehlo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Uveitis)`. Ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukuyibona ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwamehlo. Malunga nesiqingatha sabantwana abane-`(JIA)` bangabalolu hlobo. Ixhaphake kakhulu kumantombazana. Uninzi lwabantwana lunokuphelisa le meko xa befikelela ebudaleni. Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abantwana, inokusasazeka kwamanye amalungu amaninzi.

I-Polyarticular JIA

Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-``Polyarthritis```. Kolu hlobo , amalungu amahlanu nangaphezulu ayachaphazeleka.Ichaphazela amalungu afanayo kumacala omabini omzimba. Ingachaphazela amalungu entanyeni, emhlathini, kunye namalungu amancinci ezandleni nasezinyaweni. Ikwaxhaphake kakhulu kumantombazana. Malunga nama-20% ezigulana ezine-`(JIA)` zilolu hlobo.

I-JIA ye-Psoriatic

Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-`(Psoriatic Arthritis)`. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana une-arthritis kunye nesifo sesikhumba `(Psoriasis)` (imeko ebangela amabala abomvu eluswini, njengezikali zesilivere kumphezulu wesikhumba). Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana akanayo i-`(Psoriasis)` kodwa unezinye iimpawu, umzekelo, ukudumba komnwe okanye uzwane, utshintsho oluthile kwizinzipho, okanye ukuba isalamane sokuqala kusapho sine-`(Psoriasis), le meko inokufunyanwa njenge-`(Psoriatic JIA)`.

I-Spondyloarthritis yabantwana

Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-`(Axial Spondyloarthritis).` Olu hlobo lwe-arthritis luchaphazela umqolo, amalungu esinqe, kunye ne-`(Entheses)` (indawo apho imisipha kunye nemisipha zinamathela khona emathanjeni). Inokubangela nokuba bomvu kunye nentlungu emehlweni. Ibonakala kakhulu kubafana abaneminyaka engaphezu kwesi-7 ubudala.

I-JIA ecwangcisiweyo

Ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Juvenile Still's disease)`. Malunga ne-10% ukuya kwi-20% yabantwana abane-`(JIA)` banale hlobo. ``Systemic`` ithetha ukuba umzimba wonke okanye iinkqubo ezininzi zomzimba zinokuchaphazeleka. Ukongeza kwi-arthritis, i-`systemic`(JIA)` idla ngokubangela umkhuhlane ophezulu oqhubekayo kunye nokuqhambuka kwesikhumba . Ezi qhuqhu zivela esiqwini, ezingalweni, nasemilenzeni, ingakumbi ngexesha lomkhuhlane. Zinokuchaphazela nezitho zangaphakathi ezifana nentliziyo, isibindi, i-spleen, kunye ne-lymph nodes. Olu hlobo lwe-`(JIA)` alufane luchaphazele amehlo. Luchaphazela amadoda nabafazi ngokulinganayo.

Zithini iimpawu ze (JIA)?

Iimpawu ze-JIA zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwazo. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Ubomvu, iintlungu zamehlo, kunye nokungaboni kakuhle (ingakumbi ukuba une-uveitis)
• Ukudinwa okanye ukucaphuka rhoqo
• Umkhuhlane (ingakumbi kwi-JIA yesiqhelo)
• Ukuhamba uqhwalela (ngenxa yentlungu yamalungu)
• Ukuqina kwamalungu ekuseni (ukuziva ngathi kunzima ukugoba amalungu akho xa uvuka kusasa)
• Intlungu, ukudumba, okanye ukuziva ufudumele emalungeni
• Ukuqhambuka kwesikhumba
• Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo
• Ukwehla kobunzima okanye ukungaphumeleli kokukhula

Khumbula, ayizizo zonke ezi mpawu ezikhoyo kumntwana ngamnye. Abanye abantwana basenokuba nazo ezimbalwa kuphela.

Zithini izizathu (i-JIA)?

Enyanisweni, iingcali azikafumani unobangela ochanekileyo we-JIA. " Idiopathic ""Igama elithi" idiopathic" lithetha "isizathu esingaziwayo." Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezininzi ekucingelwa ukuba zinegalelo koku:

• Izinto ezikwindalo: Izinto ezikwindalo ezichaphazela inkqubo yomzimba yomntwana.
• Izinto ezibangela ufuzo: Imeko ebangelwa lufuzo.
• Iintsholongwane: Kucingelwa ukuba le meko inokwenzeka ngenxa yotshintsho kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela emva kwezifo ezithile.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ze (JIA) ukuba azinyangwa?

Ukuba imeko ayinyangwanga kakuhle, umntwana unokuba neengxaki ezahlukeneyo. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuyixilonga nokuqala unyango kwangethuba.

• Isifo samathambo esingapheliyo kunye nokukhubazeka kokusebenza: Iintlungu eziqhubekayo zamalungu kunye nobunzima bokwenza imisebenzi eqhelekileyo.
• Ukudumba kwee-membrane ezijikeleze intliziyo (`Pericarditis`) okanye ukudumba kwee-membrane ezijikeleze imiphunga (`Pleuritis`) .
• Ukukhubazeka kwamathambo nokukhula komntwana.
• Ukonakala okungapheliyo kwamalungu.
• Iingxaki zokubona: ingakumbi `(Uveitis)` (ukudumba ngaphakathi kweliso) kunye nokulahleka kokubona okubangelwa koko.

Ifunyaniswa njani (i-JIA)?

Ukuba umntwana wakho urhanelwa ukuba une-JIA, nantsi indlela ugqirha aza kujongana ngayo nokuxilongwa:

• Ukujonga amalungu omzimba omntwana.
• Ukuphonononga imbali epheleleyo yezonyango zomntwana.
• Thetha ngeempawu zakho kunye nomntwana wakho.

Akukho vavanyo lwegazi luthile olucwangcisiweyo ukuze kufunyanwe i-JIA. Ngoko ke, ugqirha uyazilahla ezinye iimeko aze afikelele kwisigqibo sokuba i-JIA yiyo imbangela.

Ukongeza, ugqirha angayalela iimvavanyo ezifana nezi:

• Uvavanyo lokufota: Uvavanyo olufana ne-X-ray, i-ultrasound, okanye i-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lunokusetyenziswa ukujonga imeko yamalungu omntwana wakho.
• Uvavanyo lwelebhu: Olu vavanyo lunokunceda ekuchongeni uhlobo lwe-arthritis ngokuhlola igazi, umchamo, kunye/okanye ulwelo lwamalungu kunye nokukhangela ezinye izizathu ezifana nosulelo, ukwenzakala, okanye umhlaza.

Iphathwa njani (i-JIA)?

Amayeza kunye nokuzilolonga kudla ngokuba zezona zinto ziphambili zonyango lwe-`(JIA)`. Iinjongo eziphambili zonyango zezi:

• Ukwandisa ukuhamba kunye namandla kumalungu.
• Ukuthintela umonakalo kunye neengxaki zamalungu.
• Ukuphelisa iintlungu.
• Ukunciphisa ukudumba.

Amayeza

Ukuba umntwana wakho ufunyaniswe ene-JIA, ugqirha angakunika amayeza anjengala:

• Amayeza angengowe-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs): La mayeza anciphisa iintlungu kunye nokudumba, kodwa awayichaphazeli kakhulu indlela okanye isiphumo se-JIA.
• IiCorticosteroids: Oogqirha badla ngokunika eli yeza njengenaliti kwilungu elinye elichaphazelekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba amalungu amaninzi achaphazelekile okanye ukuba umntwana une-systemic JIA, banika ne-steroid njengepilisi okanye ulwelo ukuze ithathwe ngomlomo.
• Amayeza okulwa nesifo samathambo aguqula izifo (ii-DMARD): La mayeza asebenza ngokutshintsha inkqubo yesifo samathambo. Injongo yonyango lwe-DMARD kukuthintela ukuhlaselwa kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela emathanjeni nasemalungeni omntwana.
• Iiarhente zokuguqula izinto eziphilayo: La mayeza ajolise kwiimolekyuli okanye iiproteni ezibangela ukudumba. Olu nyango ludla ngokucetyiswa kubantwana abaneempawu ezinzima abangakhange baphendule kwamanye amayeza.

Ukuzilolonga

Ukuzilolonga (okuquka unyango lomzimba kunye nonyango lomsebenzi) kunokunceda ukunciphisa iintlungu, ukugcina izihlunu ziqinile, ukuphucula ukuhambahamba, kunye nokuthintela iingxaki ezingapheliyo. Kwezinye iimeko, ugqirha angasebenzisa ii-splint okanye ii-braces ukunceda ukukhusela amalungu njengoko umntwana ekhula.

Ngaba i-JIA ingathintelwa?

Ngenxa yokuba oogqirha bengazi kakuhle ukuba yintoni ebangela i-JIA, okwangoku akukho ndlela yokuyithintela. Iingcali ziyaqhubeka nokuphanda ngezizathu kunye nokuthintela i-JIA.

Liyintoni ikamva labantwana nabantu abaselula abane (JIA)?

I-JIA ayichaphazeli bonke abantwana ngendlela efanayo. Kwabanye, ichaphazela ilungu elinye okanye amabini kuphela kwaye kulula ukuyilawula. Kwabanye, i-JIA inokuchaphazela amalungu amaninzi kwaye ibangele iimpawu ezinzima okanye ezihlala ixesha elide.

Ngokuchongwa kwangethuba kunye nonyango, abantwana abaninzi abane-JIA banokulawula isifo sabo samathambo, bathintele umonakalo wamalungu, baze babuyele kumanqanaba aqhelekileyo okanye aphantse abe ngaqhelekileyo okusebenza.

Ihlala ixesha elingakanani (i-JIA)?

I-JIA inokuhlala iinyanga okanye iminyaka. Abanye abantwana baya kuphila ubomi obupheleleyo, ngelixa abanye banokuba neempawu baze babe badala. Oogqirha bakubiza oku ngokuthi "ukwaluphala" kwe-JIA kunye nokuba sisifo samathambo esiqala ukuba ngumntu omdala. Akukho ndlela yokuqikelela ukuba oku kuya kwenzeka nini ngokwenene. Kodwa ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ulawule imeko yomntwana wakho, ufumane unyango olusebenzayo, kwaye akuncede ubeke ikamva eliphumelelayo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba umntwana wakho unezi mpawu kangangeeveki ezintandathu nangaphezulu , ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha:

• Intlungu yamalungu
• Ukuqina kwamalungu
• Ukudumba okujikeleze amalungu

Ungabacebisa uthini abantwana kunye nabantu abaselula abahlala ne-JIA?

Ukuba umntwana wakho une-JIA, mkhuthaze ukuba aphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kubalulekile ukuba aye esikolweni, adlale imidlalo, athathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yangaphandle kwesikolo, aze athathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yosapho. Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha bacebisa iindlela ezikhethekileyo zokumnceda ukuba ajongane nemida yesifo samathambo nomsebenzi wesikolo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyazi kukuba ukuzilolonga akwenzi iimpawu ze-arthritis zibe mbi ngakumbi. Enyanisweni, ukuzilolonga kunokunceda ekuthinteleni ukwehla kwesimo somzimba nokwandisa amandla emisipha kunye nokunyamezela, okuxhasa amalungu.

Xa kufikwa kwiimfuno zesondlo, akukho bungqina bokuba izicwangciso zokutya ezithile ziyanceda kwiimpawu ze-arthritis. Ngoko ke, khuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba atye ukutya okuqhelekileyo nokulinganayo.

Njengomzali, ufuna umntwana wakho abe sempilweni kwaye angabi nantlungu. Kodwa ukuxelelwa ukuba umntwana wakho une-JIA kunokuba yinto ecaphukisayo, ecaphukisayo - kwaye ingabi nabulungisa. Ugqirha wakho ulapha ukukunceda. Ukuxilongwa kwe-JIA kunokuvakala ngathi ngumqobo omkhulu kwindlela enkulu. Kodwa ngonyango, kufana nokutsiba okuncinci kwendlela. Kuqhelekile ukuziva ungcangcazela ekuqaleni. Kholosa ukuba ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ulawule iimpawu zakho kwaye enze isicwangciso sonyango esilungileyo ukuze umntwana wakho abe sendleleni elungileyo.

Ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule kweli bali (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, nazi ezinye zezinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule koko sithethe ngako namhlanje:

• `(JIA)` sisifo esingapheliyo sokudumba kwamalungu esisenzeka ebantwaneni. Sibangelwa kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
• Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zale nto, kwaye iimpawu zingahluka ukusuka kumntwana ukuya kumntwana.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxilonga isifo kwangethuba kwaye uqale unyango olufanelekileyo. Oku kunokunciphisa umonakalo kumalungu kwaye kunike umntwana ubomi obusemgangathweni.
• Amayeza kunye nokuzilolonga zezona ndlela ziphambili zonyango.
• Kubalulekile ukukhuthaza umntwana one-JIA ukuba aphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobukhutheleyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
• Awuwedwa. Oogqirha, iingcali zonyango lomzimba, kunye nabanye abaninzi bakhona ukunceda wena nomntwana wakho.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi lukuncede ukuba uqonde ngcono `(JIA)`. Ukuba umntwana wakho unezinye zezi mpawu, nceda ufune ingcebiso kagqirha.

I- arthritis yabantwana, i-JIA, iintlungu zamalungu ebantwaneni, ukudumba kwamalungu, i-arthritis, izifo zabantwana, izifo zokuzikhusela komzimba